這幾年看文獻和寫論文的時候整理了一些寫作常用詞匯和短

1、這幾年看文獻和寫論文的時候整理了一些寫作常用詞匯和短語，希望大家也能用得上：差別gaps between, differentiate between, discrepancies，no intergroup differenceNo statistically significant differences in survival were found for MMC or MPMA.Although MMC and MPMA decreased with increasing nuclear grade and TNM stage, this difference failed to ac

2、hieve statistical significance.存在，出現(xiàn)occurred, occurrence ,existed, existence, presence, present多數(shù)，少數(shù)the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases ，a marked majority, handful方法approaches, avenues, methods, techniques, means, tools發(fā)生率Incidence, frequency, prevalenceIn contrast with regions of

3、 high incidence, the mutation spectrum did not show a high prevalence of mutations at A:T base pairs.發(fā)現(xiàn)，闡明，報道，證實verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize, clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate, illustrate，demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal,

4、 display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply, disclose，report, describe，facilitate the identification of ，screening ，isolation改變change, alteration, 高，增加high, enhanced, elevated, increased, forced各種，多種in multiple types of neoplasia, in various types of apoptosis, in a variety of tumors

5、關系，相關，參與closely involved in, associated,廣泛的in an extensive survey進行conducte， perform, carry out, 降，少，缺decrease, reduction, reduced, diminish, loss, suppression, deficient, low, weak, faint, light, absence, absent, undetectable, lack ,defective, negative,poor,impaired, greatly reduced or completely a

6、bsent, frequently lost or down-expressed, presented discontinuous and weaker expression, completely negative, was not detectable or dramatically reduced, very faint, was undetectable or barely detectable, no expression was found, 角色，起作用role, part （limited, potential, early, possible role），serve anti

7、apoptotic functions可能性feasibility密切地intimately難理解的，似謎的enigmatic (x remains enigmatic)潛在假定的potential, candidate, putative,縮寫abbreviations識別，辨別discernment 事件Metastasis to the liver is a common event in clinical oncology.a putative tumor initiating eventa (more, extremely, highly, rather, fairly) commo

8、n initial, a common event in the signal transduction mechanisms of, in the signal transduction processesa common event associated with the mechanisms ofa common early event in responses of, after high-dose chemotherapya common event following gestational exposure to immunotoxicantsa common event （th

9、at occurs） during apoptosis isa common event during oncogenic transformation, in neoplastic transformation that directly or indirectly involves activation of specific tyrosine kinase signaling pathwaysa common event through whicha common event in vivoa rather common event of unknown biological signi

10、ficancea common event resulting from heterogeneous aberrationsa common event regardless of histological subtyping, but does not bear any pejorative significancea common event contributing toa rare, common, prerequisite, central, major, transient, initiation, stressful, critical, crucial, secondary,

11、independent, regulatory, early, earlier, late, later, subsequent, circumstantial, untoward, upstream, irreversible, very frequent event提供，幫助provide, supply, help (to), contribute to, offer, allow, dedicate, devote, assist in調(diào)節(jié)（失調(diào)，上調(diào)，下調(diào)）dis-regulation, dys-regulation, up-regulation, up-expression, ov

12、er-expression, down-expression, down-regulation, 推測 presume,speculate ,confer, conjecture ,guess, deduce，deduction (推論)無所不在地(表達，如MEN1)ubiquitously顯著,優(yōu)先的prominent, pronounced, obvious, marked, predominant, strong, striking ,notable, Conspicuously, remarkably，significant, preferential, prevalence, pre

13、valent,相關性related, more relevant with ，the relevance ofno intergroup difference，irrespective ofThere was no significant correlation to gender, age, clinical symptoms, histology, T or N status, TNM stage, or tumor location.Neither eNOS nor nNOS expression was associated with vascular density, tumor g

14、rade or the TNM status of the tumors.No correlations were found between bFGF and age, menopausal status, TNM or pTNM, histology, SBR grading or steroid receptors.we did not find any correlation between bax expression and any clinicopathologic parameters (sex, age, TNM status, tumor grade, histologic

15、al type).相同，同等并列The coordinated induction of all three FOXO3a targets prompted us to examine the status of FOXO3a itselfwith a similar pattern to協(xié)同，加強synergize with研究analysis, survey, study, research, investigation, experiments, trial, observations, assessment, inquiry, examinations ,pursue investig

16、ation into, analyze, detect, determinate, be focused on, measure, examine, test, assess, evaluate, explore,一致which is in accord with the resultswhich corroborated the resultswhich supported the results優(yōu)缺點merits and drawbacks，beneficial and detrimental異常aberration, abnormality重要crucial, key, important, major, be of critical importance 相反On the contrary, In contrary,but quite on the contraryin sharp contrast,contrary to what would be expectedContrary to the expectation thatContrary to previous beliefs,Contrary to the hypothesis,Contrary to current po