英語(yǔ)句型結(jié)構(gòu)

1、.英語(yǔ)句型結(jié)構(gòu)一簡(jiǎn)單句：英語(yǔ)基本句型-1主系表結(jié)構(gòu)：本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)組成，主要用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征，類屬，狀態(tài)，身份等。系動(dòng)詞有:1.表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;2.表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;3.表示狀態(tài)變化的become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;eg: Our English teacher is thirty years old.The cake tastes delicio

2、us. The potatoes went bad in the fields.Deep water stays still.He was at work.She is in good health.It is beyond my ability.I was at a loss.You are under arrest.英語(yǔ)基本句型-2主謂結(jié)構(gòu)：本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語(yǔ)加不及物的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成, 常用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作。如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)-定語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)-狀語(yǔ)。如: 1. The red sun rises in the eas

3、t.2. They had to travel by air or boat.3. She sat there alone.4. He came back when we were eating.5. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake。英語(yǔ)基本句型-3主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu):本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語(yǔ)+及物的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。賓語(yǔ)成分的多樣化使得這一結(jié)構(gòu)異常復(fù)雜。如：1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I dont know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They havent decided w

4、here to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago.英語(yǔ)基本句型-4 雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)：此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語(yǔ)+及物謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)（人）+直接賓語(yǔ)（事物）”組成。如： He brings me cookies every day.但若要先說(shuō)出直接賓語(yǔ)（事物），后說(shuō)間接賓語(yǔ)（人），則要借助于介詞to或for。如： He brings cookies to me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me.用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對(duì)著某人。用for 側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，表示為

5、了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；（需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。英語(yǔ)基本句型-5 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu): 此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語(yǔ)+及物的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用來(lái)補(bǔ)充和說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)和特點(diǎn)，若無(wú)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則句意不夠完整?？梢杂米鲑e補(bǔ)的有：名

6、詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式，分詞等。如： The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing.They made Tom monitor.He used to do his homework with his radio on.My mother asked me to clean my room.The teacher made all students finish their homework on time. 用 it 做形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放到賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的后面，以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，是英語(yǔ)常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。即：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+it+賓補(bǔ)+真

7、正賓語(yǔ)。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.也可以說(shuō) I found it was pleasant to be with your family. 它們的區(qū)別在于第一個(gè)是簡(jiǎn)單句第二個(gè)是復(fù)合句，意思都是一樣的。英語(yǔ)基本句型-6 There be 句型： 此句型是由“there+be+主語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)存在關(guān)系可以稱“有”。 它其實(shí)是全倒裝的一種情況，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 be 之后，there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無(wú)實(shí)際語(yǔ)意。此句型有時(shí)不用be動(dòng)詞，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exi

8、st, arrive等，但一般不用have。如： There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town. Be 與其后的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)量上一致，有時(shí)態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如： 現(xiàn)在有 there is/are 過(guò)去有 there was/were 將來(lái)有 there will be；there is /are going to be. 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be. 肯定有 there must b

9、e /there must have been. 過(guò)去曾經(jīng)有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon. There used to be a cinema here before the war. 二并列句。結(jié)構(gòu)：

10、1.由分號(hào)連接。eg. Some people cry; others laugh.Lets start early; we have a long way to go.2.由并列連詞及詞組連接-and/ but /or/ so / however / still/ therefore /yet /while /otherwise /for /bothand/not onlybut also/as well as/or else/ eitheror/neithernor/notbut等。eg: Id like to, but I have lots of homework to do.Ive

11、got a cold, so Im going to bed.Both my father and mother are teachers.Its very good, yet I dont like it.三、復(fù)合句構(gòu)成：由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成。主句和從句都有完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，但主句是全局的主體，從句只是全句中的一個(gè)成分，不能獨(dú)立存在。從句通常是用引導(dǎo)詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)的，引導(dǎo)詞起連接主句和從句的作用。分類：名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句），形容詞性從句（定語(yǔ)從句），副詞性從句（狀語(yǔ)從句）。1. 主語(yǔ)從句(Subject Clause)一個(gè)句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)主語(yǔ),

12、那么這個(gè)句子就是主語(yǔ)從句.1）常規(guī)主語(yǔ)從句，句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ) That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown. Who will be our monitor hasnt been decided yet. Whom we must study for is a question of great importance. What caused the accid

13、ent remains unknown. Whatever you did is right. Whose watch was lost is unknown. What we need is time. 小結(jié):（1)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句連詞有that,whether,who,what,whatever等（2)連詞位于句首不能省略（3)主語(yǔ)從句大多數(shù)情況下視為三人稱單數(shù)。注意：為了防止句子頭重腳輕，通常把形式主語(yǔ)it放在主語(yǔ)位置，真正主語(yǔ)擱置于句末It is certain that he will win the match.It is true that he has made a very im

14、portant discovery in chemistry.It is strange that he should do that.It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai) It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese. It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.It seems that he h

15、as seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film)It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)小結(jié):（1)以that 引出的主語(yǔ)從句,常以形式主語(yǔ)it引導(dǎo). It is +形容詞/名詞/某些動(dòng)詞ed + that 從句.（2) 在有些that從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 (should+do/should+have done)2.表語(yǔ)從句定義： 表語(yǔ)從句就是用一個(gè)句子作為表語(yǔ)。The problem is puzzling.主語(yǔ) 連系動(dòng)

16、詞 形容詞作表語(yǔ)The problem is when we can get a pay rise.主語(yǔ) 連系動(dòng)詞 一個(gè)句子作表語(yǔ)-表語(yǔ)從句連接表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether,how.He has become a teacher.He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.She has remained there for an hour.She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.His

17、 suggestion is good.His suggestion is that we should stay calm.The question is confusing.The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.Who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.Why he cried yesterday.How I can persuade her to join us in the party.注意：1.表語(yǔ)從句一定要用陳述語(yǔ)序。False: The question is when can

18、 he arrive at the hotel.Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.2.不用if，而用whether 連接表語(yǔ)從句(as if 例外）。False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.3.像賓語(yǔ)從句，在

19、有表語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，主句時(shí)態(tài)和從句時(shí)態(tài)可以不一致。Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.4.that 在表語(yǔ)從句中不能省掉。3. 賓語(yǔ)從句在句子中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句. 構(gòu)成:帶有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句就是用連接詞把一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句連接在一起。連接詞有：that(可省略)，what, who, when, where, why, which, if, whether, how.He suggeste

20、d (that) we should clean the corridor every day.賓語(yǔ)He told me (that) he would leave Dalian airport at 8pm. 間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ)He told me where he was going to travel that summer.間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ)He told that he would go to the college the next year.I dont know if there will be a bus any more.Nobody knew whether he cou

21、ld pass the exam.Do you know who has won Red Alert gameI dont know whom you should depend on.The book will show you what the best CEOs know.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phoneHe didnt tell me when we should meet again.Could you please tell me how you read the

22、new bookNone of us knows where these can be bought.注意：1.用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替的賓語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,則需要用it做形式賓語(yǔ)而將that賓語(yǔ)從句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together.I have made it a rule that I keep diari

23、es. We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需要在賓語(yǔ)與從句前加it這類動(dòng)詞主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.He will have it that our plan is really practical.We take it that you will agree with us.2.介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句We a

24、re talking about whether we admit students into our club.The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.有時(shí)候except,but,besides三個(gè)介詞后可見(jiàn)到that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.3.形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的形容詞有: sure, certain,glad,p

25、lease,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.4. if,whether在賓語(yǔ)從句中的區(qū)別whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.在不定式前只能用whether.I cant decide whether to stay.避免歧異時(shí),我們常用whether而不用if.5.賓語(yǔ)從句的否

26、定轉(zhuǎn)移動(dòng)詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來(lái),其反義疑問(wèn)句一般與賓語(yǔ)從句一致.I dont think he will come to my party.而不能說(shuō)成I think he wont come to my party.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he如果賓語(yǔ)從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反義疑問(wèn)句要用肯定形式.We find that he never

27、listens to the teacher carefully,does he6.賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)序當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候,賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)所影響.當(dāng)主句為過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候,從句用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didnt know what country he was in.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.He told me that he had to

28、ld Mary about the meeting already.The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.如果從句是一個(gè)客觀真理,那么從句的時(shí)候不根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)而變化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問(wèn)時(shí),不能按正常語(yǔ)序安排,經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首Who do you think the public might c