Grammar不定式用法

1、外研版外研版高一年級高一年級(必修必修3)Module 41. 作主語作主語: 往往放在謂語動詞之后往往放在謂語動詞之后, 用用 it作形式主語作形式主語, 為了避免句子頭重腳輕。為了避免句子頭重腳輕。 e.g.: To see is to believe. It is right to give up smoking. _ with him is a great pleasure. A. To talk B. Talk C. Talked D. To talking 本題考察動詞不定式做主語的情況本題考察動詞不定式做主語的情況, 動詞動詞不定式做主語不定式做主語, 謂語動詞用單數形式謂語動詞

2、用單數形式, 其其他三項都不能用來做主語他三項都不能用來做主語。本句的意思本句的意思是是: 跟他聊天是件很快樂的事跟他聊天是件很快樂的事。2. 作賓語作賓語: 作賓語時如果還帶有賓語補作賓語時如果還帶有賓語補 足語足語, 往往把不定式放在補足語之后往往把不定式放在補足語之后,而用而用it作形式賓語。作形式賓語。 e.g.: He wanted to go. I find it interesting to study English. I didnt manage _ it until you had explained how. A. to do B. to have dong C. doi

3、ng 本句的意思是本句的意思是: 直到你解釋了如何去做我直到你解釋了如何去做我才能做到成功。才能做到成功。manage 后面用后面用to do形形式作賓語。式作賓語。3. 做賓語補足語做賓語補足語 e.g.: He asked me to do the work with him. 在在feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make等等詞后的補足語中詞后的補足語中, 不定式不帶不定式不帶to。 The government calls on us _ our production. A.

4、increased B. increasing C. increase D. to increase 本句意思是本句意思是: 政府號召我們增加生產。本政府號召我們增加生產。本題考察動詞不定式做賓語補足語題考察動詞不定式做賓語補足語, 通常用通常用于及物動詞和一些動詞短語之后。如于及物動詞和一些動詞短語之后。如: want sb. to do, wish sb. to do, ask sb. to do. 不定式作賓語補足語省略不定式作賓語補足語省略to的情況有下的情況有下列口訣列口訣: 一感二聽三讓五看半幫助一感二聽三讓五看半幫助。但是但是這些句子如果變成被動結構時這些句子如果變成被動結構時,

5、 就必須帶就必須帶上上to。 e.g.:I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing the song. 4. 作定語作定語I have some books for you to read. 當作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞當作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞, 或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點定式動作的地點, 工具等時工具等時, 不定式后不定式后面必須有相應的介詞。面必須有相應的介詞。 e.g.:He is looking for a room to live in.當作定語的不

6、定式所修飾的名詞或代當作定語的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的承受者時詞是不定式動作的承受者時, 不定式不定式即可以用主動語態(tài)即可以用主動語態(tài), 也可以用被動語也可以用被動語態(tài)。但含義有所不同。態(tài)。但含義有所不同。試比較試比較:Have you anything to send? 你有什么東西要你有什么東西要(自己自己)寄嗎寄嗎?Have you anything to be sent?你有什么東西要你有什么東西要(我或別人我或別人)寄嗎寄嗎?At last, they found a house _. A. to leave his things with B. to leave hi

7、s things in C. leaving his things in D. leaving his things 本句的意思是本句的意思是:最后他們終于找到了一間最后他們終于找到了一間可以存放東西的屋子。當動詞不定式所可以存放東西的屋子。當動詞不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式的地點修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式的地點, 工具工具等時等時,不定式后面應有必要的介詞。不定式后面應有必要的介詞。5. 作狀語作狀語, 表示目的表示目的, 原因原因, 結果或條件。結果或條件。 e.g.: I came here to see you. We were very excited to find nobody

8、 there. He hurried to the school to find nobody there. To look at him, you would like him.目的目的原因原因結果結果條件條件6. 作表語作表語 e.g.: My job is to help the patient. 主主, 表都是不定式表都是不定式, 前者為條件前者為條件, 后者后者為目的或結果。為目的或結果。 To learn a language is to use it. My chief purpose is _ the difficulties of the matter.A. pointing

9、 out B. to be pointed C. pointed D. to point out 本句的意思是本句的意思是: 我的主要目的是指出問題我的主要目的是指出問題的難處。考查動詞不定式做表語的情況。的難處?？疾閯釉~不定式做表語的情況。point out是是“指出指出”的意思。的意思。 1. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to buy. A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing 2. Ive worked with children befo

10、re, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 3. _ late in the afternoon. Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep 4. With a lot of problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C.

11、to settle D. being settled 5. His wish is _ a doctor. A. becoming B. become C. to become D. being come 1. 不定式的一般形式所表示的動作通常不定式的一般形式所表示的動作通常與謂語的動作與謂語的動作(狀態(tài)狀態(tài))同時同時(或幾乎同時或幾乎同時)發(fā)生發(fā)生, 或是在它之后發(fā)生?；蚴窃谒蟀l(fā)生。 e.g.: I saw him go out. 2. 如果謂語表示的動作發(fā)生時如果謂語表示的動作發(fā)生時, 不定式表不定式表示的動作正在進行示的動作正在進行, 這時要用進行時。這時要用進行時。 e.g.: I

12、 am very glad to be working with you. 3. 如果不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前如果不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前, 就要用完成時。就要用完成時。 e.g.: Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 4. 當不定式邏輯上的主語是這個不定式所當不定式邏輯上的主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者時表示的動作的承受者時, 不定式一般要用不定式一般要用被動形式。被動形式。 e.g.: He asked to be sent to work in the countryside. 1. Tom _ when they sp

13、oke ill of him. A. happened to be passed B. happened to be passing by C. happened passing by D. happened to passed 2. All the rooms in the house require _. A. being cleaned B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 3. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _the film stars had left. A. to tell B. t

14、o be told C. telling D. told 1. 不定式在介詞不定式在介詞 but, except, besides, other than 后面時后面時, 如果這些介詞之前如果這些介詞之前有有行為動詞行為動詞do (非助動詞非助動詞)的各種形式的各種形式時時, 那么這些介詞后面的不定式那么這些介詞后面的不定式不帶不帶to,否定帶否定帶to。e.g.:She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides swim?I have no choice but to wait. There was nothing fo

15、r me to do other than wait until the meeting was over. I had nothing to do but watch TV. 2. 當句子的謂語動詞是當句子的謂語動詞是cant, cant help, cant choose 等結構時等結構時, but, except, besides后的不定式后的不定式to也省略也省略。 e.g.: We cant but admire his bravery. We cant choose but wait. She is such a lovely girl that I cant help but l

16、ove her. but 作作 “除了除了以外以外” 解時解時, 若前面若前面部分有部分有do, did, done時時, but 之后接之后接do sth. 反之反之, 后接后接to do sth. He can do nothing but wait. He wanted nothing but to play in the park. 1. Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong. A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit 2. - How did you

17、 spend your weekend, Jone? - I didnt find anything interesting for me _ some washing instead of my mother. A. but did B. but do C. but doing D. but to do 3. The students did nothing except _ all day long. A. played B. playing C. play D. to playPut the verbs in brackets into the correct infinitive fo

18、rms. 1. It is frightening _ (walk) in the road in a sandstorm. I hope I reach home soon. 2. Experts hope _ (learn) more about the movement of sandstorms. to walk to learn 3. Id like _ (tell) about the situation before now.4. The work needs _ (complete) by the end of the week.5. My father was out of

19、the city when the sandstorm came. He was very glad _ (miss) it. to be told to be completedto have missed 6. The building has _ (finish) by the end of the year. 7. _ (see) a real sandstorm was very frightening. to be finished To see 1. I cant help/ but hope that they will succeed. 2. I cant help but

20、think/ to think that it was a mistake. 3. I cant chose /choose but do it. 4. He does nothing but complaining/ complain. 5. I cant help but to love /love her. 6. The workers do nothing /not but drink tea and talk to each other. 從從A、B、C、D四個選項中四個選項中, 選出可以填選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。入空白處的最佳選項。1. The crowd cheered w

21、ildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported _ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. (遼寧遼寧2007) A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. to break C2. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. (江西江西2007) A. training B. being trained C. to hav

22、e trained D. to be trained3. _ the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. (湖南湖南2008) A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To completeDD4. The director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting. (2008全全 國卷國卷II) A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking upC用括號內所給動詞或短