獨(dú)立的主格用法詳解

1、實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案獨(dú)立主格用法詳解一、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)名詞或代詞(作為邏輯主語(yǔ))，加上一個(gè)形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞、不定 式等在句中作狀語(yǔ)。它有以下三個(gè)特點(diǎn)：(1) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同,它獨(dú)立存在。(2) 名詞或代詞與后面的形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞、不定式等存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。(3) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般用逗號(hào)與主句分開，但與主句之間不能使用任何連接詞。二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的形式英語(yǔ)中，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的形式是:名詞或代詞跟形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連在一起，構(gòu) 成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。1. 名詞/代詞+不定式。如：A house to be built, we

2、 must save every cent.由于要建一座房子，我們必須節(jié)省每一分錢。Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow.現(xiàn)在李蕾來(lái)了, 魏方明天至U。2. 名詞/代詞+ -ing 分詞。如：The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready.汽車彳艮快就要來(lái)了, 我們應(yīng)該把切事情準(zhǔn)備好。Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried.3. 名詞/代詞+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。如:His cup broken, he used his bowl ins

3、tead.4. 名詞/代詞+形容詞。如：The ground muddy, we should be careful.5. 名詞/代詞+副詞。如：The class over, we all went out to play.母親病了，李蕾非常焦急。茶杯破了，他就用碗來(lái)代替。下課后，我們都出去玩。地面濘泥，我們應(yīng)該小心。6. 名詞 / 代詞 + 介詞短語(yǔ)。如 (from ):Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were.手里拿著眼鏡，他問他的眼鏡哪去了。三、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中作狀語(yǔ),表示時(shí)間、原因、條件和伴隨等

4、情況。精彩文檔1 .作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)School over, the students went home.放學(xué)后，學(xué)生們都回家了。The ceremony ended, the games began.儀式結(jié)束后，比賽開始了。2 .作條件狀語(yǔ)It being fine tomorrow, we ' ll go boating.如果明天天氣好的話，我們就去劃船。Li Lei coming, it is not necessary to ask Wu Dong.如果李蕾來(lái)的話，就沒有必要叫吳東了。3 .作原因狀語(yǔ)The meeting being put off, we needn '

5、 t hurry.由于會(huì)議推遲了，我們就沒有必要匆忙了。Mr. Li being ill, Miss Yang will give us this lesson instead.李老師病了，楊老師將代他來(lái)給我們上這堂課。4 .作伴隨狀語(yǔ)Mr. Li comes here, a book in his hand.李先生手里拿著書過(guò)來(lái)了。A smile on her face, she asked what she could do for us.她面帶微笑問道我們要什么。使用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的幾點(diǎn)注意1 .獨(dú)立主格與狀語(yǔ)從句的轉(zhuǎn)換當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)不是指同一個(gè)對(duì)象時(shí)，可用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 取代

6、狀語(yǔ)從句,但不再保留連詞。如：After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下課后，學(xué)生很快離開了教室。2. 不能省略being (having been) 的情形在下列兩種情況下，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being (或having been )不能省略：(1) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 的邏輯主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)。如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因?yàn)槭切瞧谔?，我們?nèi)チ俗龆Y拜。(2) 在There being +名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：There

7、being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因?yàn)闆]有公共汽車，所以我們不得不步行回家。3. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting.主編來(lái)了, 我們開始開會(huì)。比較動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：The chief-editor ' s arriving made us very surprised.4. 獨(dú)立主格的時(shí)態(tài)問題獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 作時(shí)間或原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí),可用完成時(shí)，表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)之前。如：The listeners having taken their seats, the c

8、oncert began.聽眾坐好后，音樂會(huì)開始了。Tom having been late over and over, his boss was very disappointed.由于湯姆一再遲至U, 他的老板非常失望。英語(yǔ)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)常見類型獨(dú)立主格類型1 ：名詞（代詞）+現(xiàn)在分詞The question being settled, we went home.問題解決之后，我們就回家了。We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting.明天彳民設(shè)天氣好， 我們就進(jìn)行比賽。The monitor being ill, we 

9、9; d better put the meeting off.班長(zhǎng)病了，我們最好還是延期開會(huì)吧。獨(dú)立主格類型2:名詞（代詞）+過(guò)去分詞The job finished, we went home.工作結(jié)束后我們就回家了。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.最后一班公車已經(jīng)走了，我們必須走路回家。More time given, we should have done the job much better.如果給我們更多的時(shí)間，我們會(huì)把工作做得更好。獨(dú)立主格類型3:名詞（代詞）+不定式Nobody to come tomorrow, w

10、e will have to put off the meeting till next week.如果明天沒有人來(lái)，我們將把會(huì)議推遲到下周。So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed.有如此多的人來(lái)幫助他，他一定會(huì)成功的。獨(dú)立主格類型4：名詞（代詞）+介詞短語(yǔ)The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand.士兵們端著槍沖了進(jìn)來(lái)。A girl came in, book in hand.一個(gè)少女進(jìn)來(lái)了，手里拿著書。He was waiting, his eyes on her back.他在等著，眼睛望著她的背

11、影。獨(dú)立主格類型5:名詞（代詞）+形容詞或副詞He sat in the front row, his mouth half open.他坐在前排，嘴半開著。She sat at the table, collar off, head down, and pen in position, ready to begin the long letter.她坐在桌前，衣領(lǐng)已解掉，頭低了下來(lái)，拿好鋼筆，準(zhǔn)備開始寫一封長(zhǎng)信。獨(dú)立主格類型 6: There being + 名詞（代詞）There being nothing else to do, we went home.沒有另U的事可做，我們就回家了。

12、There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed.沒有再要討論的事了, 我宣布散會(huì)。獨(dú)立主格類型 7 ： It being + 名詞（代詞）It being Christmas, the government offices were closed.由于圣誕節(jié)的緣故， 政府機(jī)關(guān)都休息。It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.由于今天是假日，所有商店都關(guān)門了。比較：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 與with 合結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Don' t sleep with the windows ope

13、n.另1J開著窗睡覺。He stood before his teacher with his head down.他彳氐著頭站在老師面前。He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.他和衣躺在床上。She came in with a book in her hand.她手里拿著一本書走了進(jìn)來(lái)。He fell asleep with the lamp burning.他沒熄燈就睡著了。I won ' t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.因?yàn)閶寢層胁?，我無(wú)法去度假。H

14、e sat there with his eyes closed.他閉目坐在那兒。All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.整個(gè)下午他都鎖著門在房里工作。I can ' t go out with all these clothes to wash.要洗這些衣服，我無(wú)法出去了。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)考題小練5. I have a lot of books, half of novels.A.whichB. thatC. whomD. them6. more and more forests destroyed, many animals a

15、re facing the danger of dying out.A.becauseB. asC. WithD. Since7. The bus was crowded with passengers going home from market, most of carryingheavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables they had bought there.A. themB. whoC. whomD. which8. The largest collection ever found in England was one

16、of about 200,000 silver pennies, all of over 600 years old.A. whichB. thatC. themD. it9. The cave very dark, he lit some candles light.A. was; givenB. was; to giveC. being;givenD. being; to give10. The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand a gun and his facewith sweat.A held; coveredB. holdin

17、g; coveringC. holding;coveredD. held; covering11. The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, her long hair.A. flowed in the breezeB. wasflowing in the breezeC. were flowing in the breezeD. flowing in thebreeze12. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons for the day.A. finishi

18、ngB. finishedC. hadfinishedD. were finished13. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park,parents seated together joking.A. theirB. whoseCwhichD. that14. The Smiths are rich and they have three cars, one a Toyota,Land Rover of the latest.B. otherD. the othersC.A.anotherthe other【答案與

19、解析】1. Do half of them novels為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于 and half of them are novels 。2. Co考查“ with + 名詞+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。3. A。 most of them carrying.為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于 and most of them were carrying.也可改為：most of whom were carrying 。注意改動(dòng)后連詞 and的使用和動(dòng)詞 were的使用。4. C。all of them over 600 years old為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于 and all of them are over 60

20、0years old 。5. Do第一空填being ,構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；第二空填不定式表目的。6. C。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，his right hand 與hold有主謂關(guān)系， 故用holding,而 his face與 cover 是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用 covered.7. Do her long hair 與flowing是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，這是“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”作狀語(yǔ)。8. Bo因lessons 與動(dòng)詞finish 之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故要用過(guò)去分詞。其實(shí)，their lessons finishedfor the day為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。9. Ao此題容易誤選 B,認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。其實(shí)，句中的 th

21、eir parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)榭崭窈蟮膭?dòng)詞seated 不是謂語(yǔ)，而是一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞，因?yàn)?seat 作動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞。10. D=易誤選Q后面部分實(shí)際上是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)形式，省略了being 。補(bǔ)充完整就是：The Smithsare rich and they have threecars,one being a Toyota, the others being Land Rover of the latest.（兩個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)均表伴隨狀語(yǔ)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)1. The weather fine,th

22、eydecided to go out for awalk.A. were B.wasC.isD.being2. The composition givenbythe teacherAlicewentto watch TV.A. being done well B.hasbeen done wellC.havingdonewellD. done well3. The lastplanetheyhad tostay inthehotelforanothernight.4.A.leftB.havingleftC.havingbeenleftD.beleavingItis abeautifulvil

23、lagewithmountainit.A.SurroundedB.surroundingC.having surroundedD.havingbeen surrounded5.Eoconsideration,his work is welldone.6.7.A. takingAll hisB.workA.finishedB.Thepower stationwithelectricity.8.A.to supplytakenhe lefthad beenwasbuiltB.suppliedC.hishasofficefinishedon theriverC.been t

24、akenat ease.C.withsupplyingD.beingtakenfinishingourD.D.tofinishvillagehavingfive minutesbeforethelasttrainleft, wearrivedA. There being;togoB.Itwas;leftC.Ithad;was; to go9. Christmasthefamilywasfullof excitement.A.wasthenonlydays awayB.were then onlyC.thenonlydaysawayD.10.Theyfirstreachan agreementand some otherssupp