模塊五第二單元M5U2grammarandUsage現(xiàn)在分詞作形容詞與副詞

1、Unit 2The environment Grammar and usage什么是定語(yǔ)什么是定語(yǔ)(attributive)?定語(yǔ)是用來(lái)修飾、限定、說(shuō)明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征的。定語(yǔ)是用來(lái)修飾、限定、說(shuō)明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征的。 主要有形容詞此外還有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式主要有形容詞此外還有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）、分詞、定語(yǔ)從句或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子都可（短語(yǔ)）、分詞、定語(yǔ)從句或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子都可以作定語(yǔ)。以作定語(yǔ)。Hes a tall man. There are a lot of banana trees on the isl

2、and. The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.什么是表語(yǔ)什么是表語(yǔ)(predicative)?表語(yǔ)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的，表語(yǔ)常由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、動(dòng)，表語(yǔ)常由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、動(dòng)詞的詞的-ing、從句來(lái)充當(dāng)，它常位于系動(dòng)詞、從句來(lái)充當(dāng)，它常位于系動(dòng)詞(be, become, appear, seem, look, sound, feel, get, smell等詞等詞)之后。之后。Albert Einstein was

3、 a famous professor of physics. It sounds terrifying. It gets dark. 什么是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)什么是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(object complement)?賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：某些及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)后面還需要有一個(gè)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：某些及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)后面還需要有一個(gè)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，意思才完整，賓語(yǔ)和它的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)，意思才完整，賓語(yǔ)和它的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。Im going to paint it pink. I saw the kite up and down. Tom made the girl cry.Can you smell something

4、 burning? 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞是由現(xiàn)在分詞是由“動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形+ing”構(gòu)成，在構(gòu)成，在功能上具有功能上具有形容詞或副詞形容詞或副詞的特點(diǎn)。的特點(diǎn)?，F(xiàn)在分詞作現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)特點(diǎn)特點(diǎn)1：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)單個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)可表動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行可表動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行A _ manA _ manrunningcrying特點(diǎn)特點(diǎn)2：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)單個(gè)動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)可以表示名詞的用途作定語(yǔ)可以表示名詞的用途洗衣機(jī)洗衣機(jī)候車室候車室(家庭的家庭的)餐廳餐廳臥鋪車臥鋪車A washing machineA waiting roomA dining roomA sleeping car/carriage

5、(火車車廂火車車廂)特點(diǎn)特點(diǎn)3：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表單個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表 “令人令人的的”encourageAfter hearing the_words, he feels _.encouragingencouragedPuzzleAfter seeing the_ situation, he showed a _ look.puzzlingpuzzledembarrasse _ look embarrassedterrify _ look terrifiedA promising teenager一位一位有前途的有前途的青少年青少年一位一位失蹤的失蹤的青少年青少年A missing ado

6、lescent特點(diǎn)特點(diǎn)4：現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)表示此動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)表示此動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系The teacher who teaches us English is Lisa.The teacher _(teach) us English is Lisa.teaching2.The flowers _（smell) sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of name.如何挖坑如何挖坑 Look over there - theres a very long path _ (lead)

7、up to the house. (2011山東山東) leading1.1.多義詞多義詞smelling2. 2. 主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)3.The problem _ (discuss) now has confused students for a couple of days.2. 2. 考查現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式考查現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式being discussed【改錯(cuò)改錯(cuò)】The soup tasted good is made by the consultant.The building painted will be finished at the end of this year.

8、 tastingbeing現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)Listen! Do you hear someone _ for help? （2010湖南）湖南） A. calling B. call C. to call D. called 答案：答案：A解析：該空在句中為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)，根據(jù)解析：該空在句中為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)，根據(jù) someone與與call的主動(dòng)關(guān)系排除的主動(dòng)關(guān)系排除D項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。hear后接后接不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)省略不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)省略to，由此排除，由此排除C項(xiàng)。由項(xiàng)。由Listen可判斷此處表示正在求救?？膳袛啻颂幈硎菊谇缶取８呖颊娓呖颊骖}題【改錯(cuò)改錯(cuò)】The boy wa

9、s last seen play by the lake.playing現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)(相當(dāng)于副詞相當(dāng)于副詞Adverbial）1. 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) -ing短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ) _ the bad news, they couldnt help crying. =When they heard the bad news, they couldnt help crying. 當(dāng)聽到這個(gè)不幸的消息時(shí)，他們情不自禁地哭了起來(lái)。當(dāng)聽到這個(gè)不幸的消息時(shí)，他們情不自禁地哭了起來(lái)。Hearing_ his letter, I decided to write back. =After I rece

10、ived his letter, I decided to write back. 收到他的信后，我決定給他回信。收到他的信后，我決定給他回信。 Having received “主動(dòng)且表示主從句動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生主動(dòng)且表示主從句動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生”Asking around, I find my people willing to pay a little higher prices for things that are friendly to the environment.= When _around, I find many people I ask【2012重慶卷重慶卷】_(ask)

11、to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. Having been askedWhile watching television, _. the doorbell ring the doorbell rings we heard the doorbell ring A. we heard the doorbell ringsC1. a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face. b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly.2. a. Ente

12、ring the classroom, I found nobody in it. b. Entering the classroom, nobody was found in it.Choose the correct sentence. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. （廣東（廣東2004）Not completingB. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed_ so angry, he couldnt go

13、to sleep.=Because he was so angry, he couldnt go to sleep. 3. 作條件狀語(yǔ)作條件狀語(yǔ)_, we will watch a movie.=If time permits, we will watch a movie. 2. 作原因狀語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)BeingTime permitting【獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)】獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由兩部分組成，前一部分是名詞或者代詞，后一部分是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或形容詞、副詞、名詞或介詞短語(yǔ)。前后兩部分具有邏輯主謂關(guān)系。Because his mother was ill, he had to stay at home to lo

14、ok after her. = _, he had to stay at home to look after her.His mother being ill4. 作讓步狀語(yǔ)作讓步狀語(yǔ)(一般翻譯為“although盡管”或“even if即使”，就是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪杏玫摹巴艘徊秸f(shuō)”的感覺(jué)。)Although _, he didnt get enough food.=Although his father worked hard, he didnt get enough food. his father working hard a. Being fine, we will have the s

15、ports meeting next week. b. If it is fine, we will have the sports meeting next week. c. It being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week.Choose the correct sentence. 5. 作伴隨狀語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)置于句首或句末。如：置于句首或句末。如：They came into the classroom, _. =They sang and laughed; they came into the classroom. 他們又唱又

16、笑地走進(jìn)教室。他們又唱又笑地走進(jìn)教室。singingand laughingThe next morning she found the man in bed, _ dead.A. lying B. lie C. lay D. layingThe factory keeps giving off smoke, making the air dirty.= The factory keeps releasing smoke. As a result, the air is made dirty. 6. 作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)（即不用考慮從句和主句邏輯關(guān)系的懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)（即不用考慮從句和主句邏輯關(guān)系的一致性，直接使用）：一致性，直接使用）： Generally _( speak ), we have learnt a lot in this school.2. _(judge ) from/by his appearance, he is somebody.3. English grammar is difficu