介詞for 和 to 用法完全歸納

1、介詞for用法完全歸納?本站特約作者? 陳根花?用法1：(表目的)為了。如：They went out for a walk. 他們出去散步了。What did you do that for? 你干嗎這樣做？Thats what were here for. 這正是我們來(lái)的目的。Whats she gone for this time? 她這次去干什么去了？He was waiting for the bus. 他在等公共汽車。【用法說(shuō)明】在通常情況下，英語(yǔ)不用 for doing sth 來(lái)表示目的。如：他去那兒看他叔叔。誤：He went there for seeing his unc

2、le.正：He went there to see his uncle.但是，若一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞已名詞化，則可與 for 連用表目的。如：He went there for swimming. 他去那兒游泳。(swimming 已名詞化)注意：若不是表目的，而是表原因、用途等，則其后可接動(dòng)名詞。(見(jiàn)下面的有關(guān)用法)用法2：(表利益)為，為了。如：What can I do for you? 你想要我什么？We study hard for our motherland. 我們?yōu)樽鎳?guó)努力學(xué)習(xí)。Would you please carry this for me? 請(qǐng)你替我提這個(gè)東西好嗎？Do more

3、 exercise for the good of your health. 為了健康你要多運(yùn)動(dòng)?！居梅ㄕf(shuō)明】(1) 有些后接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞(如 buy, choose, cook, fetch, find, get, order, prepare, sing, spare 等)，當(dāng)雙賓語(yǔ)易位時(shí)，通常用 for 來(lái)引出間接賓語(yǔ)，表示間接賓語(yǔ)為受益者。如：She made her daughter a dress. / She made a dress for her daughter. 她為她女兒做了件連衣裙。He cooked us some potatoes. / He cooked som

4、e potatoes for us. 他為我們煮了些土豆。注意，類似下面這樣的句子必須用 for：He bought a new chair for the office. 他為辦公室買了張新辦公椅。(2) 注意不要按漢語(yǔ)字面意思，在一些及物動(dòng)詞后誤加介詞 for：他們決定在電視上為他們的新產(chǎn)品打廣告。誤：They decided to?advertise for their new product on TV.正：They decided to advertise their new product on TV.注：advertise 可用作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞，但含義不同：advertise

5、sth為賣出某物而打廣告；advertise for sth為尋找某物而打廣告。如：advertise for a job=登廣告求職。由于受漢語(yǔ)“為”的影響，而此處誤加了介詞 for。類似地，漢語(yǔ)中的“為人民服務(wù)”，說(shuō)成英語(yǔ)是 serve the people，而不是 serve for the people，“為某人的死報(bào)仇”，說(shuō)成英語(yǔ)是 avenge sbs death，而不是 avenge for sbs death，等等。用法3：(表用途)用于，用來(lái)。如：Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀是用來(lái)切東西的。This knife is for c

6、utting bread. 這把小刀是用于切面包的。Its a machine for slicing bread. 這是切面包的機(jī)器。The doctor gave her some medicine for her cold. 醫(yī)生給了她一些感冒藥。用法4：為得到，為拿到，為取得。如：He went home for his book. 他回家拿書。He went to his friend for advice. 他去向朋友請(qǐng)教。She often asked her parents for money. 她經(jīng)常向父母要錢。We all hope for success. 我們都盼望成功

7、。Are you coming in for some tea? 你要不要進(jìn)來(lái)喝點(diǎn)茶？?                                       ?用法5：給(某人)，供(某人)用。如。如：Thats for you. 這是給你的。Here is a letter for you. 這是你的信。Have you roo

8、m for me there? 你那邊能給我騰出點(diǎn)地方嗎？用法6：(表原因、理由)因?yàn)椋捎凇Ｈ纾篒 am sorry for it. 對(duì)不起。Thank you for coming to see me. 謝謝你來(lái)看我。You cant see the wood for the trees. 你只見(jiàn)樹木，不見(jiàn)森林。He is famous for his poems. 他因?yàn)樗脑?shī)出名。He was sent to prison for robbery. 他因?yàn)閾尳俣巍 couldnt speak for laughing. 我笑得說(shuō)不出話來(lái)。He couldnt sleep for

9、joy. 他高興得不能入睡。For several reasons, Id rather not meet her. 由于種種原因，我寧愿不見(jiàn)她?！居梅ㄕf(shuō)明】有些表原因的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)不宜用介詞 for 來(lái)引出，而用其他介詞。如：他由于努力工作而加了工資。誤：For the result of his hard work, he got a pay rise. 正：As a the result of his hard work, he got a pay rise.注：as a the result of 是習(xí)語(yǔ)，意為“由于的結(jié)果”。因?yàn)槟赣H不在家，她只好自己做飯。誤：For Mother (be

10、ing) away, she had to cook the meal herself.正：With Mother (being) away, she had to cook the meal herself.注：“with+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”可用來(lái)表示原因，此時(shí)的 with 不能換成 for。類似地，下例中的 with 也不能換成 for：With all this work to do, I dont know if Ill have time to go out. 有這么多工作要做，我不知是否有時(shí)間出去。我們祝賀你的成功。誤：We congratulate you for your su

11、ccess. 正：We congratulate you on your success.注：congratulate 后習(xí)慣上接介詞 on 表示原因。用法7：(表目標(biāo)、去向)去。如：Is this bus for Chicago? 這輛公共汽車開往芝加哥嗎？Theyll leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他們動(dòng)身去北京。They set off for the shops. 他們買東西去了。Is this the train for Shanghai? 這是開往上海的火車嗎？Passengers for Tianjing must change at Beijing

12、. 去天津的旅客必須在北京換車?！居梅ㄕf(shuō)明】比較 for 與 to，兩者均可表示目的地，注意以下區(qū)別：for 通常與 leave, start, set out, set off, head, steer, depart, be bound, be destined 等動(dòng)詞連用，而 to 則通常與 come, drive, fly, get, go, lead, march, move, return, ride, run, travel, walk 等動(dòng)詞連用。如：We departed for London at 10 am. 我們上午10點(diǎn)動(dòng)身去倫敦。Then we drove to t

13、he station. 然后我們就開車去了車站。有時(shí)，同一個(gè)動(dòng)詞(如 sail)兩者均可連用，但含義稍有差別：用 for 通常只表示向著某目的地那個(gè)方向，并不強(qiáng)調(diào)到達(dá)的意思；而 to 含有到達(dá)某目的地的意思。如：They sailed for Shanghai. 他們開船駛往廣州。They sailed to Shanghai. 他們開船駛至廣州。若與名詞連用，也有類似區(qū)別。如：There will be a train for Wuhan. 有開往武漢的火車。(僅表示向武漢方向，但在武漢未必是?？空?There will be a train to Wuhan. 有開往武漢的火車。(開往武漢

14、方向，且在武漢停靠)(R56)順便說(shuō)一句，也有的辭書持幾乎相反的觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為 for 與 to 表示目的地時(shí)，for 表示的是預(yù)定目的地，而to 表示的是假設(shè)將會(huì)到達(dá)的目的地。?                                       ?用法8：(表時(shí)間、距離、數(shù)量等)達(dá)，計(jì)。如：Im going away for a

15、few days. 我要走開幾天。Ive been here for ten years. 我來(lái)這兒有10年了。He walked for ten miles. 他走了10英里路。The shop sent me a bill for $50. 商店給我送來(lái)了一張50美元的賬單?！居梅ㄕf(shuō)明】for 用于表示時(shí)間或距離的長(zhǎng)度(尤其是緊跟在動(dòng)詞之后)時(shí)，有時(shí)可省略。如：The meeting lasted (for) three days. 會(huì)議持續(xù)了3天。They walked (for) fifty miles. 他們走了50英里。但是當(dāng) for 短語(yǔ)位于句首或在否定句中時(shí), for 通常不宜

16、省去。如：For ten years he lived here. 他在這里住過(guò)10年。We have not heard from him for a long time. 我們很久沒(méi)收到他的來(lái)信了。用法9：對(duì)，對(duì)于。如：Eggs are good for you. 雞蛋對(duì)你有好處。Reading in bed is bad for your eyes. 躺在床上看書對(duì)你的眼睛不好。Fortunately for me, the train was also late. 我很走運(yùn)，火車也晚點(diǎn)了。【用法說(shuō)明】關(guān)于 for 與 to 表示“對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)”時(shí)的區(qū)別，參見(jiàn) to。用法10：(表適合)適于，

17、適合。如：Do you have any books for children? 你有適合小孩子看的書嗎？He is the very person for the work. 他是最適合做這工作的人。Its a good place for a camp. 那是個(gè)露營(yíng)的好地方。She bought some clothes for winter. 她買了些冬天穿的衣服。用法11：(表交換)換，以作交換。如：He gave her some magazines for her dictionary. 他用幾本雜志換她的字典。She bought the skirt for $50. 她花了50

18、美元買這條裙子。I bought a pound of apples for 70 cents. 我花了七角錢買了一磅蘋果。Dont translate word for word. 不要逐字硬譯。用法12：作為，當(dāng)作。如：Dont take him for a fool. 別把他當(dāng)傻瓜。He mistook a rope for a snake. 他把一條繩子誤認(rèn)為是蛇。He knew that for a fact. 他知道那是事實(shí)。The missing persons were given up for dead. 大家都認(rèn)為那些失蹤的人已死了。【用法說(shuō)明】用于此義時(shí)，有時(shí)相當(dāng)于 as

19、, to be, as being，但要注意不同句型的搭配習(xí)慣。如：I took him for an honest man. / I took him to be honest. 我看他為人老實(shí)。It was built for as a pleasure boat. 這船建作游艇之用。比較：He took her smile for agreement. 他把她的微笑視為同意。Will you take me as your partner? 你把我看作你的合伙人好嗎？按傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法，takefor 通常指誤認(rèn)為是，而 takeas to be 則主要指正確地認(rèn)為是。但在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，有時(shí)并未完

20、全遵守此規(guī)則。但是與 mistake 連用的則通常是 for 而不是 as。如：We mistook the house for a hotel. 我們把那房子誤以為旅館。?                                       ?用法13：(表支持、贊成)支持，贊成。如：Are you for or against

21、 the plan？你是支持還是反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃？Im all for the young enjoying themselves. 我完全贊成年輕人多玩玩。用法14：(表基準(zhǔn))就來(lái)說(shuō)，以而言，作為。如：Hes done well for a beginner. 作為新手，他干得很好。He is heavy for a small boy. 作為一個(gè)小男孩而言，他的身體算重的了。She was short for her age. 就她的年齡來(lái)說(shuō)，個(gè)子是矮了點(diǎn)。The day is cool for July. 在7月里這樣的日子算是涼快的了。用法15：(表比例)每就。如：Plant three

22、trees for every one that is cut down. 每砍一棵樹要種三棵樹。He has one enemy for a hundred friends. 他的敵人與朋友之比為一比一百。For every five who passed, there were two who failed. 每5個(gè)人及格，就有2個(gè)不及格。For every mistake you make, youll lose half a mark. 你每犯一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，就要扣去半分?！居梅ㄕf(shuō)明】用于此義時(shí)，通常與 each, every 或數(shù)詞連用。用法16：代表，代替，代理。如：Whats the

23、English for “中國(guó)”? 英語(yǔ)里“中國(guó)”怎么說(shuō)？Whats the “C” for in “BBC”? BBC中的C代表什么？Red is for danger. 紅色代表危險(xiǎn)。Let me do it for you. 讓我替你做吧。The lawyer acted for him during the trial. 在審案期間由律師代表他行事。用法17：(表安排的時(shí)間)在，于。如：The appointment is for 10:30. 約會(huì)定在十點(diǎn)半。Weve invited our guests for 7 oclock. 我們已邀請(qǐng)我們的客人7點(diǎn)鐘來(lái)。Weve booke

24、d our holiday for the second week in July. 我們的假期安排在七月份的第二個(gè)星期。The next meeting was arranged for the tenth of May. 下次會(huì)議已定于5月10日舉行?！居梅ㄕf(shuō)明】用于此義時(shí)，for 主要指安排或約定的時(shí)間，所以像下面兩例中的介詞 at，in 就不能換成 for。如：He gets up at six every day. 他每天6點(diǎn)鐘起床。He was born in September, 1988. 他出生于1988年9月。用法18：用法19：(與不定式連用引出邏輯上的主語(yǔ))。如：It

25、is for you to decide. 該由你來(lái)決定。All I want is for us to be together. 我希望的只是我們能在一起。Is there any need for me to go? 我有沒(méi)有必要去？He spoke too fast for her to follow. 他說(shuō)得太快，她跟不上。It is a great pity for him to leave here so soon. 他這么快就離開這里真是遺憾。It is dangerous for a small child to cross the road alone. 小孩子自己過(guò)馬路很危

26、險(xiǎn)。For a bridge to collapse like that is unbelievable. 一座橋像那樣倒塌是不可想像的?！居梅ㄕf(shuō)明】(1) 下面兩句同義，但以第一句為普通。如：老人快跑是危險(xiǎn)的。正：It is dangerous for an old man to run fast. 正：For an old man to run fast is dangerous. (2) 有時(shí)可表目的。如：Ive sent my coat away for it to be cleaned. 我把外衣送去洗了。For sales to increase, we must lower ou

27、r prices. 為了增加銷量，我們必須降低價(jià)格。(3) 有時(shí)用于 than 后引出不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)。如：Theres nothing worse than for a person to ill-treat a child. 沒(méi)有什么比虐待小孩更惡劣的了。?一：表示相對(duì)，針對(duì)be strange (common, new, familiar, peculiar, distinct, sensitive,immune, vulnerable, indispensable) toAir is indispensable to life.Aircrafts are vulnerable to i

28、nterference caused by radiation.This injection will make you immune to infection.二：表示對(duì)比，比較1：以-ior結(jié)尾的形容詞，后接介詞to表示比較，如：superior ,inferior,prior,senior,juniorThe quarrel happened prior to my arrival.2: 一些本身就含有比較或比擬意思的形容詞，如equal，similar，equivalent，analogousA is similar to B in many ways.3：表示一些先后順序的形容詞，如

29、：second,subsequent,next,preliminary,preparatorySubsequent to the war,they returned to their hometown.4: to也偶爾出現(xiàn)在個(gè)別動(dòng)詞之后,與動(dòng)詞形成固定詞組,表示比較,如:prefer to,compare to,incontrast tocompare to sth.表示比喻或比擬,而compare with sth.表示比較,如:World is usually compared to a stageCompared with his past,he has changed a lot.Pr

30、efer的正確句型是:prefer A to B或prefer doing A to doing B,但當(dāng)prefer后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí),表示比較的介 詞to就要改成rather than ,如:The undaunted soldier preferred death to surrender.Many people prefer spending money to earning money.They prefer to pursue careers rather than remain home as house wives.5: to與及個(gè)別的名詞構(gòu)成比較之意,如:alternative

31、Going to an under water concert is a great alternative to going to dinner.三: 表示修飾關(guān)系1: 表示回復(fù),反應(yīng)意思的詞,如:answer to question,solution to problem,response to inquiry,reaction to proposal,reply to letter2: 表示建筑構(gòu)件的詞匯,如: entry,entrance,approach,access,passage,exit,vent,paththe approach to a bridge引橋the approa

32、ch to scienceHalf of the population was estimated to have no access to the health service.The access to education 接受教育的機(jī)會(huì)The access to medical care 享受公費(fèi)醫(yī)療的權(quán)利3: 表示人物職位和官銜的詞,如:assistant to manager, ambassador to Spain, successor to tradition,heir to throne,deputy to the National Peoples Congressadviso

33、r to the Prime Minister4: 表示權(quán)利和許可的詞匯,如:right,admissionThe employee finally got the admission to the boardroom.Everyone has an equal right to .5: 表示柵欄或障礙的詞匯,如:bars to development,the barrier to progress6: 表示與書籍,文本相關(guān)的詞,如:introduction to passage.7: 表示恭喜或是祝賀,如:The director proposed a toast to the health

34、 of the guests.Let's drink to Dicks success in business8: 另外還有一些名詞符合這種用法,有的具有兩者息息相關(guān),缺一不可的含義.如:key todoor,invitation toparty,guide to action,limitation to life,accessory to school四: to還具有依據(jù),伴隨,和著節(jié)奏的含義,如:sing to piano, chance to the tune, stamp to the rhythm of the song, add salt to taste（一）：表示相關(guān)聯(lián)

35、，相連接，如：be related to,be relative to,in relation to,be relevant to,link to Investigate all the facts related to the problem.People often linked walth to happiness.（二）：表示反對(duì)和贊同。1：to引導(dǎo)的表示反對(duì)，抗拒，對(duì)抗意義的詞組。Be opposed to,be oppsist to,be contrary to,beadverse to,be resistant to,be contradictory to,object to,o

36、ppose to,deny tp,be aline toThese buildings are resistant to earthquake.They are to tally opposed to any changes being made in the plans.2: to引導(dǎo)的表示同意，贊同意義的詞組：consent to,subseribe to,The employer consented to give him a salary raise.表示調(diào)整，使符合，使適應(yīng)的含義，如：adapt to,commodate to, adjust to,conform to,habitu

37、ateto,fit to,suit to,correspond to,cater toShe tried to habituate herself to the style of plain living.Your action should conform to the interests of the people.They offered various foods to cater to the need of customers.His words doesnt fit to his actions.Suit your writing style to the masses.3: 表

38、示投降,屈服,服從的含義,如:be subject to,be subordinate to,submit to,subject to,surrenderto,give in to,confess to,admit to.The minority is subordinate to the majority少數(shù)服從多數(shù)Countries nearby oceans are always subject to earthquake.He confessed to having robbed the woman of her wallet.Were not the kind of people t

39、o yield to any military threat.五: 表示趨勢(shì)或傾向,如:tend to,be prone to,be inclined to,be apt to,be liable toHes liable to seasickness.You are liable to come to wrong conclusion.六: 表示對(duì)事情的堅(jiān)持與執(zhí)著,如:sick to,hold o,adhere to,cling toHe still holds on to his original views.七: 表示約束,局限,如:limit to,confine to,resrict toHes confined to the house by illness.He confined his remarks to scientific mangement.八: 表示一種習(xí)慣或是一種適應(yīng)性,如:get (be) to,used to,be accustomed toFinally,the students got used to my teaching method.九: 表示起因和原由,如wing to,due to,thanks to,attribute to,come down toThe flight wa