副詞(知識(shí)梳理)

1、.副詞概念引入：副詞主要用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞或者整個(gè)句子。副詞作狀語(yǔ)修飾整個(gè)句子時(shí)，常是評(píng)述性的，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的態(tài)度。He quickly got dressed.副詞quickly修飾動(dòng)詞gotHouses are much more expensive these days. 副詞much修飾形容詞比較級(jí)more expensiveI push the door very hard. 副詞very修飾副詞hardHonestly, I think you are mistaken. 副詞honestly修飾整個(gè)句子語(yǔ)法講解副詞分類(lèi)時(shí)間副詞ago, already, before,

2、lately, now, recently, yesterday, before long, since then等表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，可放在句首或句末。The two boys were playing football then.那時(shí)那兩個(gè)男孩在踢球。地點(diǎn)副詞abroad, ahead, back, down, away, far, here, nearby, over, upstairs等通常放在句末，也可放在句首，一般不放在句中。You can find this sentence somewhere in this passage.你可以在這篇文章的某個(gè)地方找到這個(gè)句子。頻率副詞al

3、ways, often, ever, never, sometimes, usually, rarely, seldom, hardly, every now and then等通常放在所修飾的動(dòng)詞之前，假設(shè)句中有be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞，一般放在這些動(dòng)詞之后。Sometimes he goes to work on foot.他有時(shí)走著去上班。I hardly ever heard him sing.我?guī)缀鯊奈绰?tīng)過(guò)他唱歌。方式副詞angrily, badly, calmly, carefully, clearly, eagerly, happily, nervously等大多數(shù)方式副詞是以

4、­ly結(jié)尾的，位置比較靈敏，可放在句首、句中或句末。I wrote my name carefully.我認(rèn)真地寫(xiě)下了我的名字。They were shouting at each other angrily.他們憤怒地互相吼叫。程度副詞almost, absolutely, entirely, greatly, fairly, extremely, much, very, too, rather, quite, really, slightly等用來(lái)描繪動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的程度，一般放在被修飾的形容詞或副詞之前、動(dòng)詞及其賓語(yǔ)之后。This problem is rather difficu

5、lt for him.這道題對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)太難了。Its much worse than I thought.比我原來(lái)想的還糟糕。連接副詞where, when, how, besides, therefore, however等用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句或連接兩個(gè)句子，通常放在句子或從句的最前面。I dont want to go out. It is very cold; besides, it is snowing我不想出去，太冷了，而且也正下著雪。副詞的句法功能用作狀語(yǔ)：The evening passed quickly. 晚上很快過(guò)去了。We must think about this serious

6、ly. 我們應(yīng)認(rèn)真考慮此事。用作表語(yǔ)The war is over. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)完畢了He isnt up yet. 他還沒(méi)起床。用作賓語(yǔ)They dont like strangers round here. 他們不喜歡這周?chē)心吧恕heres a fine view from here. 從這里可以看到一片美麗的風(fēng)光。I havent been able to do that up till now. 到如今為止我還沒(méi)能這樣做。By then he was more than fifty years of age. 那時(shí)他已五十多歲。副詞用作賓語(yǔ)的用法非常有限，通常只用作介詞賓語(yǔ)，并且只限于

7、某些表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的副詞，而且不同的副詞有不同的搭配特點(diǎn)。用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)I need this tooth out. 我需要拔掉這顆牙。Everybody was glad to see him back. 看到他回來(lái)大家都很快樂(lè)。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，能用作表語(yǔ)的副詞都可用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 He went to see her but found that she was out. =He went to see her but found her out. 他去看她，但發(fā)現(xiàn)她不在家。用作定語(yǔ)Read the paragraph below. 閱讀下面的短文。We had to get off and t

8、ake the bus behind. 我們得下車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)搭后面的車(chē)。副詞用作定語(yǔ)總是放在被修飾名詞之后，如the above passage / the passage above都可表示“上面的段落，但前者的above 前置，為形容詞；后者的above后置，為副詞。副詞的位置1. 副詞修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí)，應(yīng)放在被修飾成分之前，但enough必須位于被修飾的詞之后。This book is quite interesting. The boy is old enough to go to school. 2. 頻度副詞always，often, usually, never, seldom, ha

9、rdly, sometimes等要放在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前，be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后。Children often go to the park with their parents on Sundays. 3. 地點(diǎn)副詞、時(shí)間副詞、方式副詞常位于句末。I remember seeing you somewhere.4. 同時(shí)出現(xiàn)幾個(gè)副詞的排列順序：方式副詞地點(diǎn)副詞時(shí)間副詞。Mr. Brown drove his car quickly outside then.5. 修飾全句的副詞多置于句首。這類(lèi)副詞有：significantly明顯地，顯著地，unluckily幸運(yùn)地，merely僅僅, 只

10、不過(guò)，certainly無(wú)疑地; 確定地；肯定地simply簡(jiǎn)單地; 僅僅; 只不過(guò)，fundamentally根底地；根本地；重要地，increasingly 日益，越來(lái)越多地；不斷增加地；strangely 奇妙地；不可思議地；怪異地，apparently顯然地；外表上，似乎，unfortunately等等。Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA men. 幸運(yùn)的是，他沒(méi)有被淹死，被解放軍救了。兼有兩種形式的副詞有些副詞有兩種形式，其中一種形式與形容詞形式一樣，另一種是在形容詞后加-ly。這兩種形式的副詞在意義上有所

11、不同：不帶-ly的副詞往往表示的是詳細(xì)概念也就是詞的本義；加-ly的往往表示抽象概念也就是詞的引申義。close與closelyclose意思是“近；closely 意思是“仔細(xì)地He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.deep與deeplydeep意思是“深，表示空間深度；deeply時(shí)常表示感情上的深度，“深深地。He pushed the stick deep into the mud.Even father was deeply moved by the film.high與highlyhigh表示空間高度；highly表示程度，相當(dāng)于

12、much。The plane was flying high.I think highly of your opinion.wide與widelywide表示空間寬度；widely意思是“廣泛地，在許多地方。He opened the door wide.English is widely used in the world.free與freelyfree的意思是“免費(fèi)；freely 的意思是“無(wú)限制地。You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.You may speak freely; say what you like.形容詞和

13、副詞比較句型當(dāng)A > B 時(shí)，用“比較級(jí) + than + 比較對(duì)象表示。 My room is smaller than yours. 我的房間比你的小。She got there earlier than I did. 她比我到得早。注意：一般來(lái)說(shuō)，比較對(duì)象為人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí)，用主格或賓格均可。但是，當(dāng)句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，人稱(chēng)代詞用主格或賓格意義不同。 I like you better than he likes you. 我比他更喜歡你。I like you better than he likes him. 我喜歡你勝過(guò)喜歡他。注意：當(dāng)A > B，但B包含A時(shí)，那么須用

14、other來(lái)將A排除出去。China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中國(guó)比其他任何亞洲國(guó)家都要大。He is older than any of the other boys in his class. 他比他班上任何同學(xué)年紀(jì)都大。Your department spent more last year than all the other departments. 你們部門(mén)去年的花銷(xiāo)比其他所有部門(mén)多。當(dāng)A = B 時(shí)，用“as + 原級(jí) + as + 比較對(duì)象表示。He gets up as early as his parents. 他

15、起床與他父母起得一樣早。當(dāng)A < B 時(shí)，用“not so /as + 原級(jí) + as +比較對(duì)象表示。He doesnt study as/so hard as Mary. 他學(xué)習(xí)不如瑪麗努力。當(dāng)A = 數(shù)字×B 時(shí)，用以下構(gòu)造來(lái)表示：數(shù)字 + times + as + 原級(jí) + as +比較對(duì)象 Their house is about three times as big as ours. 他們的房子大約有我們房子三倍大。數(shù)字 + times + the size / length / depth / height / width + of +比較對(duì)象Your offic

16、e is three times the size of ours. 你的辦公室是我們辦公室的三倍大。數(shù)字 + times + 比較級(jí) + than + 比較對(duì)象He runs three times faster than Jack. 他比杰克跑得快三倍。注：假設(shè)指兩倍，以上各句型中的“數(shù)字+times那么應(yīng)換成twice。This room is twice the length of the other, but much narrower. 這個(gè)房間的長(zhǎng)度是那個(gè)房間的兩倍, 但窄得多。在三者或三者以上的人或物中，用最高級(jí)表示，構(gòu)造為“the + 最高級(jí) + 比較范圍。She is th

17、e best player in the team. 她是隊(duì)里最優(yōu)秀的運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)。He works the hardest of all the students. 他是所有學(xué)生中最用功的。表示“越來(lái)越時(shí)，用“比較級(jí) + and + 比較級(jí)。Your English is getting better and better. 你的英語(yǔ)越來(lái)越好了。Its becoming more and more difficult to find a job. 找工作越來(lái)越困難了。表示“越就越時(shí)，用“the + 比較級(jí)，the + 比較級(jí)。The younger you are, the easier it is to learn. 年紀(jì)越輕