牛津上海版中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)-2-名詞冠詞及閱讀A_學(xué)案

1、. 學(xué)科老師輔導(dǎo)學(xué)案 課程主題： 17-2-名詞冠詞及閱讀A 學(xué)習(xí)目的1.理解名詞的意義和種類：從表意來說，可分為普通名詞和專有名詞；從數(shù)的表達(dá)來說，可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。2.掌握名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成形式及其用法：可分為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式構(gòu)成，可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)；不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)。3.掌握名詞所有格的表達(dá)：s，of構(gòu)造務(wù)必掌握；s做理解區(qū)別。4.掌握不定冠詞a/an和定冠詞的根本用法。5.理解在哪些情況下不用冠詞。6.教學(xué)建議冠詞雖少，只有a，an不定冠詞和the定冠詞三個，但卻是中考?？颊Z言點之一。就考察題型而言，以單項選擇為主，有時也在完形填空中出現(xiàn)。冠詞的考察重點包括不定冠詞a和an的

2、用法及辨析，定冠詞the的用法和零冠詞的用法等。注意總結(jié)出26個字母中12個用an的即a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x; an mp4; 寫作阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字時an的情況即an 11-year-old boy，u在不同單詞中的讀音；不定冠詞與定冠詞的用法區(qū)別以及在詳細(xì)語言環(huán)境中冠詞的應(yīng)用是歷年中考試題考察的熱點。教學(xué)內(nèi)容1.9A知識點復(fù)習(xí)一.名詞【知識梳理】1.專有名詞和普通名詞1專有名詞表示特定的或者獨無二的人或物，如人名、地名、機(jī)構(gòu)名稱等。1專有名詞的首字母要大寫,如 China，Africa，Mr. Green。2一般的人名、地名通常不帶定冠詞，但河流、海洋、群島、海峽等名稱帶定

3、冠詞，如：the Pacific Ocean，the English Channel。3某些由普通名詞組成的專有名詞也帶定冠詞，如, the Great Wall , the Childrens Palace, the Peoples Park, the Chinese New Year, the United States of America。4專有名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但表示姓的專有名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)時，指該姓的一家人，前面必須加定冠詞，如：the Greens, the Smiths, the Wangs。2普通名詞表示一類人、物或事，可以分為個體名詞、集體名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞。1個體名

4、詞指人或物的個體，是可數(shù)名詞。2集體名詞是一群人或物的總稱，有些是可數(shù)名詞，有些是不可數(shù)名詞。如：可數(shù)名詞：a classtwo classes a teamtwo teams不可數(shù)名詞:furniture equipment3物質(zhì)名詞表示不能分為個體的物質(zhì)，多數(shù)是不可數(shù)名詞。4抽象名詞表示人或物的品質(zhì)、狀態(tài)等抽象概念，多數(shù)是不可數(shù)名詞。如：advice, progress, happiness, information。2.名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)1可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)many，a few，some，a large number of，hundreds of，a great many等可修飾可數(shù)名詞，且

5、可數(shù)名詞與表示計量的名詞連用時，兩部分都要用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Many times，a few friends，some computers，three boxes of eggs2不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)much，a little，some，a huge amount of，plenty of，a great deal of等可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞，不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，不能和冠詞a/an或數(shù)詞連用，表示數(shù)量時要與表示計量的名詞連用。如：much time，a little food，some good news，three bowls of rice 3.名詞的所有格名詞所有格是指一個名詞與另一個名詞之

6、間存在所有關(guān)系時所用的形式。其構(gòu)成有兩種：一種是由名詞末尾加s構(gòu)成；另一種由介詞of加名詞構(gòu)成。前者多用來表示有生命的東西；后者多用來表示無生命的東西。例如：Childrens Palace 少年宮Toms bike 湯姆的自行車the title of the book 書名the legs of the table 桌子的腿名詞所有格的構(gòu)成有以下幾種情況：1表示生命的東西人或動物的名詞所有格，一般在名詞后加 's來表示。如： the boy's mother，my mother's father，Mary's birthday2詞尾是s或es的復(fù)數(shù)名詞所有格

7、，只加'來表示。如： the teachers' office，ten minutes' walk3詞尾沒有s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞那么加 's來表示所有格。如： Childrens Day，Womens Day，the people's needs4假如一樣?xùn)|西為兩人共有，那么在后一個詞的詞尾+'s，假如你共有，那么在兩個名詞的后面都+'s。如：This is Lucy and Lily's bedroom. These are Lucy's and Lily's bedrooms.5有一些指時間、間隔 、世界、國家、星球、

8、城鎮(zhèn)等無生命的名詞，也可以用's表所有格。如：today's newspaper，a mile's distance，Shanghai's products。6假如是復(fù)合名詞，所有格的詞尾要加在后面的名詞上。如：This is her son-in-law's photo.It must be somebody elses pen. 注意：A 名詞所有格后面指地點如表示店鋪、人家的名詞常?？梢允∪ァＨ纾?at the tailor'sshop，at Mr Green'shomeB 名詞所有格所修飾的詞，假如前面已經(jīng)提到，往往省略。如： T

9、his ball-point pen is not mine. It's my sister's.C 名詞有較長的定語時，不宜用s，要用of短語表示所屬關(guān)系。如： I know the name of the professor who is standing there.D 名詞前面有冠詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞或者指示代詞a，two，some，any，this，etc.時，常用短語加名詞所有格來表示?！纠}精講】例1.We went to Dr. Brown's yesterday. He gave us_.A. some adviceB. advicesC. an adv

10、iceD. some advices例2.-Mike, what club do you want to join?-Well, I want to join the _ club. I like painting.A. artB. musicC. artD. sports例3.-Are you going out with Jade tonight?-That's my _. Mind your own!A. offerB. businessC. questionD. thing例4.-Could you show me the method of cooking the tasty

11、 cookies?-Please follow the _ on the cookbook.A. instructionB. directionC. introductionD. decision【課堂練習(xí)】1.Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your _, you must keep moving.A. balanceB. promiseC. positionD. relationship2.-It's useful for the deaf people to learn sign language.-Yes, it's a m

12、ajor way of _ for them.A. suggestionB. vacationC. communicationD. translation3.He has much _ as an engineer, so he can build the bridge successfully.A. balanceB. experienceC. surfaceD. market4.-Do you know about the scientist Tu Youyou?-Yes. She won the 2019 Nobile Prize in medicine because of her g

13、reat _.A. surpriseB. achievementC. educationD. intelligence5.Bill will be a/an _ to interview the football players in the coming Rio 2019 Olympics.A. guestB. reporterC. touristD. interviewee二.冠詞【知識梳理】1.冠詞的意義冠詞是一種虛詞，放在名詞的前面，幫助說明名詞的含義。英語中的冠詞有兩種：不定冠詞a/an和定冠詞the。a/an是“一個的意思，a一般讀作/，an讀作/n，在特別強(qiáng)調(diào)或單個朗讀時，它們可

14、讀作/ei，æn/。the在輔音前讀ð，在元音前瀆ði，在特別強(qiáng)調(diào)或單個朗讀時，讀作6i：，有“那這個的意思。【例題精講】例1. How long is _quarter of a basketball match in NBA? Its usually twelve minutes long and between _ second and third quarters there is a ten-minute break. A. the; theB. a; theC. a; aD. the; a例2.At primary school,I dreamed o

15、f being_astronaut.A. aB. anC. theD. /例3.Jack likes playing_soccer, but he doesnt like playing_ piano.A. /,/B. the,/C. the,theD. /,the例4.It is _ useful dictionary.A. aB. anC. theD. /例5.What does Michael look like?He has big eyes and _ wide mouth.A. aB. anC. theD. /【課堂練習(xí)】1.On July 15, 2019 _ earthquak

16、e hit Wenchuan, Sichuan Province.A. anB. aC. /D. the2.“Cindy, do you have_email address？I want to send you some photos.“Yes, I do.It's cindy126sohu .A. aB. anC. theD. /3.As we know, England is _ European country and Singapore is _ Asian country.A. an; anB. an; aC. a; aD. a; an4.What do you want

17、to be in the future, Nick?I want to be_ pilot.It is _ exciting job.A. a; aB. a; anC. the; anD. a; the5.It's not _ good idea to drive for four hours without _ break.A. a; aB. a; theC. the; aD. the; the三.總知識梳理【知識梳理】1.閱讀理解概述中考閱讀理解題主要考察考生對單詞、詞組、語法、句型、習(xí)慣用法的綜合運(yùn)用及其英語思維的才能。要求考生能不借助詞典閱讀含有3%生詞的多種文體的語言材料，閱

18、讀速度為每分鐘50-70個詞。近年中考英語的閱讀理解文章根本都是從原版書或雜志上節(jié)選，題材豐富，體裁各異，有報道、有故事、有評論、有科普文章、還有旅游廣告等。從閱讀文章的體例來看一般有說明文和記敘文，對說明文，要抓住文章所提供的信息做出分析、判斷或選擇，然后做出結(jié)論；對于記敘文，應(yīng)力求弄清文中提及的人或物、時間、地點、事件和原因等要點，總結(jié)全文的中心思想。2.常見考察方式3.常見題型及解題方法細(xì)節(jié)題又稱事實詢問題常見提問方式：以what, who, which, when, where, how或why等詞引導(dǎo)，就文中某句、某段或某一詳細(xì)細(xì)節(jié)提問。如：There was once a larg

19、e, fat woman who had a small, thin husband. He had a job in a big company and was given his weekly pay every Friday evening. .As soon as he got home on Fridays, his wife used to make him give her all his money, and then she used to give him back only enough to buy his lunch in the office every day.

20、How much money was the husband allowed to keep every day? A. Just enough to buy chocolates. B. Just enough to buy a sandwich. C. Just enough to buy hi.s lunch in a restaurant. D. Just enough to buy his lunch in the office.筒析：這是一道典型的細(xì)節(jié)題，因為它的答案可以直接從文段中找到。根據(jù)這段最后一句話，可以得知D為正確答案。細(xì)節(jié)題解題方法：1明確題意，找出題目中與細(xì)節(jié)有關(guān)的一

21、個或者多個關(guān)鍵詞主要是一些實詞，比方，此題中的關(guān)鍵詞可以定位為money，husband，keep。2帶著關(guān)鍵詞，回到文中進(jìn)展定位。由關(guān)鍵詞money，可將答案定位在文段的最后一句。3閱讀該句，查找答案。假如沒有找到答案，在上一句或者下一句中尋找，一般就能找到答案。4.常見題型及解題方法推斷題常見提問方式：What can you conclude下結(jié)論from this passage?What's the author's attitude態(tài)度towards?Which statement is not true?做這類題要求考生在閱讀的同時抓住文章的主題和細(xì)節(jié)，分析文章構(gòu)

22、造，根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)在聯(lián)絡(luò)，挖掘文章的深層含義。其次，對于暗含在文章中的人物的行為動機(jī)、事件中的因果關(guān)系及作者未言明的傾向、意圖、態(tài)度、觀點等要進(jìn)展符合邏輯的判斷、推理、分析，進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)理解，抓住本質(zhì)性的東西。如：A man, dressed as a countryman. was walking along the street of a large city. He was carrying a small parcel. It was wrapped up carefully. It had a name and an address on it. There was also some

23、writing which said it had l,000- dollars inside. The countryman was looking this way and that. He was certainly looking for the house where he had to put the parcelA stranger, passing by, asked him what he was looking for. The countryman showed his parcel. He asked him to read the address on it.“I h

24、ave forgotten it,he said.“And I don't know how to read.'“Why!said the stranger, “That's my name and address. It's my parcel. It's from my old friend, Bob. He promised to send it to me a week ago.The countryman looked pleased to hear this. “Take it if it's yours,he said. “But

25、you must give me sixty dollars for my trouble.The stranger did so. The countryman then got on a passing bus. The stranger went to a quiet corner to look at the parcel. Inside it, there was nothing but some pieces of torn cloth. What's the feeling of the stranger? A, Angry. B Regretful. e Bad. n

26、Surprised.簡析：這是一個推理判斷題，它要求學(xué)生對文章進(jìn)展仔細(xì)分析，才能做出合理判斷?？赐晡恼潞笾牢闹械膕tranger拿了60美元換回了一個裝滿破布的包裹。當(dāng)他看到這些破布時，他馬上意識到他沒有騙到“鄉(xiāng)下人的錢，反而被“鄉(xiāng)下人騙了，他那時一定非常生氣，對自己的行為感到懊悔，如選B，那么沒有理解文章的意思。如選C或D,雖然也略微表達(dá)了一點stranger的心理狀態(tài)，但畢竟沒有A那么貼切?！纠}精講】例1. Astronauts have already visited the moon and lived on space stations. They've never be

27、en to another planet so far, but by the year 2100, they might live on the planetMars. The astronauts will spend about six months traveling to the planet, then about two years on the planet and about six months traveling back to the earth. They'll be away from the earth for about three years, so

28、they'll need a lot of food! It's very expensive to take food into space. It costs about 120,000 dollars to carry something that weighs one kilogram. So an apple on Mars could cost 20, 000 dollars! Of course, they will need to take quite a lot of food with them to feed the astronauts for thre

29、e years. This amount of fresh food can not stay fresh, and is very expensive to take, so they need to find food that is not very heavy. At the moment, astronauts on space stations eat dried food. It's very light, so it doesn' t cost a lot of money to carry it into space. But astronauts stay

30、healthier and happier if they eat fresh food. In the future, astronauts on Mars may grow vegetables like lettuce, spinach and carrots. Astronauts on Mars will probably have special machines. They Ml use these machines to change beans into foods that taste like meat or cheese because it won' t be

31、 possible to keep animals in space. Life on Mars will be better than that on Earth in many ways. People will have more space. Living in a large building with only 10 bedrooms is highly possible. Many people believe that robot will do most of our work, so we have more time for our hobbies.1According

32、to the text, by the year 2100, some of us will possibly live _ .A. on the moon B. on MarsC. in the sun D. under the sea2Why do the astronauts have to eat dried food_ ?A. Because it is cheap to buy.B. Because it is delicious.C. Because it makes them happy.D. Because it is cheap to carry.3Which of the

33、 following is TRUE according to the passage_ ?A. Astronauts will get food that taste like meat or cheese from beans on Mars.B. If we take two kilograms of apples into space, it could cost 40,000 dollars.C. It will take the astronauts about three months to get to a planet.D. Dried food is as healthy

34、as fresh food for astronauts in space.4Why will life on Mars be better than that on the earth_ ?A. Because only a few people will live there.B. Because there will be much delicious food.C. Because there will be more space and less work to do.D. Because people don't need to do any work.5The best

35、title for this passage is "_ ".A. Food in SpaceB. An Important PlanetC. Astronauts in the FutureD. Vegetables in Space 【課堂練習(xí)】1. Holding up welcoming banners and cheering fervidly, about 2,000 Hong Kong students in tidy school uniform was waiting to meet their space heroes at the Queen Eliz

36、abeth Stadium here Monday morning. "We came here to show our support to the space flight development of our country," said Miss Chan. Three Chinese taikonauts, who jointly carried out China's historic maiden space walk, and dozens of other members of the Shenzhou VII spacecraft Monday

37、attended a sharing session with an audience including more than 2,000 students from about 200 local primary and middle schools. "What did you see during the space walk?" Students were eager to know what it was like in the space. Zhai Zhigang, the first Chinese taikonaut who got out of the

38、spacecraft and walked in the space, told the audience that the space was very lucid, not as dark as people thought before, and one can have an extensive view up there. He said, however, that he had not taken time to enjoy the beautiful scenery as he needed to finish up the assigned mission within a

39、limited time. "Can you bring personal belongings up into the space? What will you bring next time?" Students were also interested in taikonauts' life in the space. "Of course, we can," taikonaut Jing Haipeng said, "I myself had brought photos of my family and I will defi

40、nitely bring a dining table with Hong Kong cuisine next time." For Zhai, he said that he wanted to bring a space detector to find out whether there will be other kinds of life form existing in the space. "If I meet an alien next time, I think I can try to use body language to communicate w

41、ith them," said Zhai. The stadium was full of laughter every time when the taikonauts threw out an answer that the audience found amusive. Being a taikonaut is never easy. All three-space heroes agreed that it was important to have a supportive and considerate family, so that they can engage in

42、 their space flight mission intently. "You must be firm in volition, don't give up and you will eventually reach your goal," taikonaut Liu Boming encouraged students to have their own dreams. On listening to their hardship during training, many of the students were moved by the space h

43、eroes' spirit.1Miss Chan and the students came to the Queen Elizabeth Stadium because_ .A. they wanted to meet their space heroesB. they wanted to show their support to the space flight development of their countryC. they wanted to ask taikonauts some questions.D. they wanted to see the Shenzhou

44、 VII spacecraft2_ was the first Chinese taikonaut who got out of the spacecraft and walked in the space.A. Jing Haipeng B. Liu BomingC. Zhai Zhigang D. Miss Chan3From the answers of three Chinese taikonauts, we know_ .A. they have a lot of time to enjoy the beautiful sceneryB. the space was very luc

45、id and as dark as people thought beforeC. Jing Haipeng wanted to bring a dining table with Hong Kong cuisine next timeD. Zhai Zhigang will try to use language to communicate with an alien next time4Which of the following is TRUE_ ?A. Being a taikonaut is dangerous and difficult.B. Three Chinese taik

46、onauts walked in the space happily.C. It was important to have a supportive and considerate family for the students.D. The stadium was full of audiences every time.5How can we reach our goal from Liu Boming's words_ ?A. We must be firm in volition.B. Don't give up.C. We should have our own d

47、reams.D. A, B and C. 1.Im sorry to say_ of your answers are correct.A. bothB. eitherC. noneD. neither2.Millions of pounds have been spent the free state education system in Britain.A. to improvingB. in improvingC. to improveD. to have improved3.I dont know if he _ tomorrow. If he _, please call me.A

48、. will come, comesB. comes, comesC. comes, will comeD. will come, will come4.It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but is quite_ to perform skillfully yourself.A. otherB. anotherC. someD. the other5.I take chemistry and biology because I need _to get into medical school.A. themB. theirC.

49、 itD. they6.Who is_man with glasses?-Oh, hes our new English teacher, Mr Li.A. aB. anC. theD. /A. discovers B. equal C. environment D. precious E. expresses7. The story starts in a city called Zootopia, which is a city like no other. Its a melting pot where animals from every _ live together a place

50、 where no matter what you are, from the biggest elephant to the smallest shrew地鼠, you can be anything. But when the happy officer Judy Hopps arrives, she _ that being the first rabbit on a police station of big and tough animals isnt so easy. The little rabbit decided to prove herself. She jumps at

51、the golden chance to deal with a case, even if it means working with a fox, Nick Wilde, to solve the mystery奧秘.The film _ the meaning that we should never give up on a dream or settle down. Were all _ , and therefore should treat對待 others the way we wish to be treated. The film creates a sense of in

52、spiration, encouraging both kids and adults to aim high, work hard and succeed.8.1.Supporters wanted to send money to him. Suddenly bills through bank transfers and even paper airlines flew over the _ house.art9.1.He looked_ at the life,only to find that his hero Kobe Bryant would retire at the end

53、of the season.amazing10.1.Crazy fans rushed_ to the super star,screaming and singing.direct11.Could you tell me? Why are you late for such an important conference? 合并為一句Could you tell me why _ _ late for such an important conference?12.Hes given some important talks on science technology to us. 改為被動

54、語態(tài)Some important talks on science technology _ _ given to us.13.The girl beside me is a volunteer for our community. 對劃線部分提問 _ _ is a volunteer for our community?14.In a small town in France,there was a farmer who lived alone.Every day,he 1_ a poundof butter to his neighbour, who was a baker. One da

55、y the baker decided to 2 _ the butter to see if he was getting a pound. After he weighed it, he found that he wasn't. The baker then took the farmer to the judge法官.The judge asked the fanner if he had any way to weigh the butter.The farmer replied/'I am so 3_ that I do not have enough money to buy anything to weigh it,but I do have a kind of scale ."The judge asked/