中考英語總復習聽力理解應試指導

1、聽力理解應試指導一、中考要求聽力測試是中考的必考的題目，中考主要考查學生的聽力辨別能力和聽力理解能力。特別是考查學生的語音和語言的運用能力。聽力測試要求是：學生能夠根據(jù)說話人的語音和語調來理解其意圖；能夠從不同的語言環(huán)境判斷對話的話題并從中獲取信息的能力；能夠聽懂正常語速的故事或者獨白并回答有關的問題；能夠克服生詞障礙并借助說話人的語氣和上下句子的主題理解大意，解答有關的問題；能夠邊聽邊記錄有關的信息并且在聽的過程中作出反應。二、知識要點A. 中考聽力測試材料特點： 中考聽力測試主要考查學生對英語口語的理解能力以及從語言材料中獲取信息的能力。聽力材料可以是日常對話、簡短的談話、電話留言、廣播通

2、知和新聞報道等材料。也可以選擇報刊雜志的幽默故事、小笑話、廣告或者電影海報等材料?？偠灾犃Σ牧弦话氵x取學生比較熟悉的、貼近他們生活的對話、短文或者獨白。B. 中考聽力的考查形式： 1. 選擇題：根據(jù)所聽內容給出若干個不完整的句子或若干個根據(jù)短文內容提出的問題，對每一道試題都提供三或四個備選項，要求考生在正確理解聽力材料內容的基礎上，從三或四個備選項中選出一個正確的答案。2. 判斷正誤題：聯(lián)系短文內容給出若干個句子，要求考生根據(jù)所聽到的短文內容，判斷所給句子的意思是否正確。3. 補全信息題：根據(jù)所聽材料的內容給出若干個留有空格的句子、短文或表格，要求考生聽音后在空格上填上適當?shù)脑~，以補全句子

3、、短文或填滿表格，使句子、短文或者表格所表達的意思與原聽音內容一致。這類試題不同于聽寫題，它所填的不是聽音的原文，所要填寫的內容要以短文提供的相關信息為依據(jù)。C. 中考聽力測試的題型： 縱觀全國各地的中考試卷聽力測試題的題型有以下幾種：1. 聽句子，選擇能夠應答該句子的最佳答語： 這個類型的聽力測試題主要考查學生對于英語日常交際用語的理解和應答能力。考查的內容主要有：對別人的贊美、感謝、問路；或者給別人提出建議、對別人勸告、祝愿或者是向別人提出請求、許可；向別人請求幫助或者提供幫助；談自己的打算；向別人提出邀請及應答等。這種聽力測試題目一般比較簡單，所聽的句子比較簡短和簡單，情景比較單一，學生

4、很容易理解，一般按照英語日常用語的交際習慣來應答，選擇正確的答案是比較容易的，也是得分比較高的題目。例如： 錄音中有五個句子，每個句子聽一遍，然后從每小題A、B、C中選出能對每個句子做出適當反應的答語。 1. A. Thats a good way B. You are welcome. C. Good idea. D. No problem.2. A. I'm sorry to hear that.B. Oh, I know.C. It doesn't matter. D. Of course.3. A. Of course not. B. Yes, I would.C. N

5、o, I wouldnt. D. OK.4. A. Its too cheap. B. Its very cold. C. It is too far. D. Its too dea.5. A. By bus.B. In the bus.C. In a school. D. On her foot.聽力材料：1. Why not go and see our teacher in the hospital after school?2. Id love to go with you, but my mother is ill in hospital. I had to look after h

6、er.3. Would you mind opening the window? Its too hot.4. Whats the weather like in your city now?5. How does your mother often go to work?答案與解析：1. C。這是考查向別人提出建議是日常交際用語的用法，所聽的句子是用why not來提出建議，其最佳應答是Good idea，或不接受建議，一般應該回答“Id love, but”，然后說明原因。2. A。本題是考查對于聽到別人不幸的消息后用I am sorry to hear that.來應答的日常交際用語的用

7、法，表示對別人的同情。3. A。本題是考查對別人提出請求的應答，別人用Would you mind doing something?來提出請求，其肯定應答是Of course not.4. B。本題是考查談論天氣的英語日常交際英語，所聽的句子是詢問天氣的，所以應答用Its very cold.5. A。本題是談論做某事的方式，所聽句子是用How does your mother often go to work?來詢問你媽媽經常怎么去上班的。所以用bybus來應答其上班的方式是乘坐公共汽車。2. 聽句子，選擇符合句子意思的圖片：這個類型的聽力測試題主要利用圖片考查學生對日常交際用語的快速反應及

8、應對能力。例如：涉及學生日常行為和活動、日常用品、時間的問與答、交通提示符號、天氣預報符號、城市典型建筑物、奧運會的會徽及運動員和運動項目標志等。這類型的聽力測試題也是比較簡單的題型，主要考慮圖畫和句子的意思相符合。例如： 聽下面的句子，選擇與句子內容相符的圖片。每個句子讀兩遍。聽力材料：聽下面的句子，選擇與句子內容相符的圖片。每個句子讀兩遍。1. Lucy likes to ask questions in class.2. The sun is shining. And the birds are singing. What a bright and beautiful world!3.

9、Students like swimming in the pool during their summer holidays.4. The panda is one of the most popular animals in the world. Its a national treasure of China.5. Dont throw away rubbish everywhere. We should keep our environment clean.答案與解析：1。B。本題聽力的關鍵信息是ask questions in class，而圖畫B是舉手問問題的，所以和句子的意思相符

10、合。2. A。本題的關鍵信息是the sun is shinng。所以表示天氣晴朗陽光燦爛的圖畫是A。3. A。本題聽力的關鍵信息是swimming in the pool，而圖畫A是表示在游泳池里游泳。4. B。本題是關鍵信息是panda是熊貓，圖畫B是熊貓，所以與聽力材料相符合。5. B。本題聽力的關鍵信息是Dont throw rubbish，所給的三個圖畫A是表示禁止吸煙、B表示禁止亂扔垃圾、C是表示禁止拍照。所以B是和聽力材料相符合的圖畫。3. 聽五段小對話和問題，選擇能夠回答問題的最佳答案或者圖片：這種聽力測試題主要考查學生對所聽對話及相關信息的理解能力。小對話一般是二到三個句子，

11、所涉及的內容是常見的和經常用到的交際話題。例如：討論天氣、時間、購物、打電話、看病、運動和相約的地點等小話題。聽力問題有的是很明顯的，直接從對話信息中很容易判斷的；有的是比較隱形的，需要根據(jù)對話的內容或者情景加以分析、判斷或者推算，才能解決的問題。一般是根據(jù)對話的信息用特殊疑問句提出問題。也可以涉及對話人的身份、關系、觀點或者態(tài)度等。另外為了減少學生的閱讀負擔，有時聽力測試題用圖畫、圖片代替文字，即選擇能夠回答問題的圖畫、圖片。學生在聽力測試之前，需要認真閱讀問題或觀察圖片，帶著問題有目的地去聽，聽錄音的時候，緊緊圍繞著話題和情景，捕捉與問題有關系的重點和具體的信息?？梢赃吢犨呌涗?，這種聽力測

12、試題一般朗讀二遍。例如：. 聽對話，選擇正確答案。每段對話讀兩遍。1 How often does the woman go swimming?A. Sometimes. B. Never. C. Every day. 2. Who are the two speakers?A. Theyre workers. B. Theyre old friends. C. Theyre classmates.3. Where did Cathy go last Saturday?A. To the lake. B. To the beach. C. To the park.4. What does th

13、e boy want to do in this conversation?A. Buy a pen. B. Change a pen. C. Take a pen.5 What does the man think of the CD?A. Its a very good one B. Its too expensive C. Its not his favorite聽力材料：1. M: How often do you exercise? W: I keep running every day, sometimes I go swimming, but I never play ball

14、games. Q: How often does the woman go swimming?2. W: Hi! I dont know if you remember me. My name is Maria. M: Sure, I remember you. You sat next to me. W: Yeah, thats right. How are you doing? M: Fine. Nice to see you again. Q: Who are the two speakers?3. M: Hi, Cathy! What did you do last Saturday?

15、 W: I had a picnic near the sea with some friends. M: Then you must have had a good time. W: Sure. Q：Where did Cathy go last Saturday?4. M: Excuse me. I bought a pen here yesterday. But I cant write with it now. W: Whats the problem? M: It doesnt work. Would you mind giving me another one? W: Sure.

16、Here you are. Q: What does the boy want to do in this conversation?5. M: How much did you pay for it? W: 200 dollars. M: 200 dollars for a CD like that? I dont believe it. W: What do you mean? M: Its not worth it. Question: What does the man think of the CD?1. A。聽力材料提到運動有running，go swimming和play bal

17、l games，但聽力的重點在go swimming上面，關鍵是聽時間狀語，本題有三個時間狀語every day，sometimes和never，和go swimming有關系的時間狀語是sometimes。2. C。本題是考查說話人的關系，從對話中“You sat next to me.”可以了解他們可能是同桌，所以他們之間的關系是同學關系。3. B。本題是考查事件發(fā)生地點的，從對話的句子I had a picnic near the sea with some friends關鍵信息near the sea可以判斷對話的地點是在海灘。4. B。本題是考查聽力細節(jié)理解的。從對話的關鍵信息I

18、cant write with it now.和Would you mind giving me another one?可以判斷是來換鋼筆的不是來買。5. B。本題是考查對話說話人的態(tài)度的理解。從說話人的口氣和語調可以判斷是認為CD不值200美元。. 聽小對話，選擇與對話內容和問題相符合的圖片： （ ）1. A B C . （ ）2. A B C（ ）3. A B C( ) 4. A B C ( ) 5. A B C聽力材料：No. 1Woman: Whats your favorite sport?Man: Soccer. And I always play soccer in my sp

19、are time.Question: What sport does the man probably like better?No. 2Man: Its Jims birthday this Saturday. What shall we give him? Woman: Mmm, its hard to decide. How about a camera?Man: A camera is fine, but its too expensive. Im afraid that well spoil him. How about a CD? Hed really like that.Woma

20、n: Thats a great idea! Question: What will Jim probably get?No. 3W: Did you go to the park yesterday, Mike?M: Yes. I went there by subway.Question: How did Mike go to the park?No. 4W: Were you ill yesterday, John?M: Yes. I had a toothache.Question: Whats the matter with John?No. 5W: Whom did you go

21、to the Great Wall with yesterday?M: With Helen.Question: Where was Helen yesterday?. 。本題利用表示運動的符號圖片考查學生對對話的理解能力。是表示排球，是表示足球，是表示擊劍。從聽力對話關鍵信息soccer可以判斷是。. 。聽力對話提到camera和CD兩個禮物，從對話的句子A camera is fine, but its too expensive.和How about a CD？可以判斷他最可能得到的禮物是CD。. 。本題是考查聽力材料的細節(jié)理解能力。從聽力材料的關鍵信息by subway可以判斷是乘坐地

22、鐵的方式去公園，所以圖片A是表示地鐵的。. 。從聽力材料的關鍵信息toothache可以理解是牙痛，所以選圖片C。. 。本題是考查聽力材料的細節(jié)理解能力。從聽力材料的關鍵信息the Great Wall可以判斷是長城，所以選擇。4. 聽一篇長對話和問題，選擇能夠回答問題的最佳答案： 對話理解是考查學生在一定語境或情景中所表現(xiàn)出的快速反應、推理判斷能力。聽力測試內容主要涉及對話的主題、對話發(fā)生的背景、地點、對話者之間的關系、對話的事實和細節(jié)，有時需要根據(jù)對話的上下聯(lián)系進行推理和分析，做出結論。這類考題要求考生不但要理解錄音原文的主旨大意，而且還要通過文中的重要細節(jié)、具體事實，揣摩、推斷說話者的意

23、圖、觀點和態(tài)度等，這類題能測試出考生在聽力方面的綜合素質。對話的內容一般會涉及到：學生的學校社會、日?；顒印€人基本情況、學校和家庭周圍環(huán)境、個人興趣愛好、計劃和愿望、購物、打電話、餐飲和語言學習等話題。聽力材料的本身比較真實、地道的口語化，具有真實性和交際性的特征，符合學生的年齡特征、生活實際水平和心理發(fā)展水平。對話的詞匯量比較少，比較簡單，語句比較簡潔。但是由于聽力材料比較長，信息比較多。學生在聽錄音之前，先要仔細閱讀試卷上面的問題和選項，反復比較所給的選項，并根據(jù)所給的問題和選項反推聽力材料的話題，一定要做到有目的、有針對性去選擇聽的重點，并根據(jù)問題的提示對聽力對話的人物、時間、地點、數(shù)

24、字等關鍵信息進行記錄。以便做題的時候有計算、判斷或者推理的需要時有所準備。例如：聽一段對話，對話后有五個問題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項來回答問題。對話讀三遍。1. What does the boy want for Christmas?A. A bike. B. A volleyball. C. A toy.2. What will the boy act in the Christmas program?A. A Wise Man. B. Jesus. C. A shepherd.3. Who acted Joseph last year?A. The boy. B.

25、The girl. C. Anne.4. What does the girl like about Christmas?A. The presents. B. The programs. C. The songs.5. What can we learn from the conversation?A. Only children like Christmas. B. The girl doesnt like Claus. C. Anne is the boys sister.聽力材料：聽一段對話，對話后有五個問題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項來回答問題。對話讀三遍。W: W

26、hat do you want for Christmas this year?M: I hope Santa brings me a bike. What do you want Santa Claus to bring you?W: I want a volleyball. I didnt do very well at volleyball this year. Why do you say you want Santa to bring you a bicycle? Dont you know that Santa Claus is actually your dad?M: Yeah,

27、 I know that, but my mom and dad talk about Santa Claus, so I do, too.W: Are you going to be in the Christmas program this year?M: Yeah, Im supposed to be one of the shepherds. My sister Anne is going to be Mary and her doll is going to be the Baby Jesus. Arent you going to be one of the Three Wise

28、Men?W: Yes, I am. I was Joseph last year.M: I like being in the Christmas program. I like the Christmas songs and I like the way I feel at Christmas time.W: I like the presents we get at Christmas time, but it is nice to remember that we have Christmas to celebrate the day Jesus was born.M: It seems

29、 like everyone is especially nice and happy at Christmas time. I like Christmas.W: So do I.解析1. A。本題是考查聽力辨別能力,聽力材料提到的禮物有bike和volleyball,但問題是男孩的圣誕禮物是什么,所以在聽的時候要注意是男生所讀的材料即對話第二個句子出現(xiàn)的bike才是問題的答案。2. C。本題是考查學生的聽力材料細節(jié)的理解。同時還要區(qū)分男孩和女孩所說的話。問題是問男孩扮演的角色。從對話的句子I'm supposed to be one of the shepherds是本題的關鍵聽力

30、信息。3. B。本題是考查聽力辨別能力，聽力材料的句子Yes, I am. I was Joseph last year.是女生讀的，所以在聽的時候區(qū)分男生還是女生即可。4. A。本題是考查聽力材料細節(jié)的理解。從對話的句子I like the presents we get at Christmas time可以聽到女生喜歡禮物。5. C。本題是考查學生聽力綜合判斷能力，是一個比較難的聽力測試題。學生必須從對話尋找My sister Anne is going to be Mary是聽力測試的關鍵信息，同時還必須注意這個句子是男生讀的，這樣才能綜合判斷出答案。5. 聽短文和問題，選擇能夠回答問

31、題的最佳答案： 短文理解是在長對話基礎上考查學生對一個結構比較完整，意義相對連貫的語段的理解能力，是一種高層次、有難度的聽力測試形式。這個題型的聽力材料一般是獨白，有時是小故事或者一段對人或事物的介紹等。內容可以是自我介紹、對他人或事物的介紹、廣告、講話稿、評論等，所以聽錄音時重在聽懂每句話的意思和內涵，注意捕捉文中所涉及的人物、事件等重要信息，掌握其主要內容和試題所要求獲取的信息。例如：聽短文，短文后有五個問題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項來回答問題，短文讀三遍。1. How old was Tom?A. 6. B. 7. C. 8.2. Where can the man

32、find Tom on Sundays?A. At home. B. In the open air. C. In his classroom.3. When did the last class begin?A. At 3:45 pm. B. At 4:00 pm. C. At 4:15 pm.4. What did the teacher ask Tom to do?A. Wash his hands. B. Write some new words. C. Clean the blackboard.5. What can we learn from the story?A. The te

33、acher taught Chinese. B. The blackboard was dirty. C. Toms left hand was dirtier.聽力材料：My little son Tom is eight years old. He likes playing basketball and other games. On Sundays I cant see him at home but easily find him in the open air. He always plays basketball with his friends there. Last Mond

34、ay, Tom finished his homework after the first class in the afternoon. He played ball again. The playground was wet. After some time, at 3:45 pm, his last class began. Tom had no time to wash his hands and ran into his classroom. Miss King, his English teacher, told Tom to write some new words. Tom s

35、tood in front of the blackboard and started to write. Miss King saw his right hand was dirty. “Oh, dear!” said the teacher, “Your right hand is dirty. Im sure its the dirtiest in our class.” “You are wrong, Miss King,” said Tom. Then he showed his left hand to her and she found it was dirtier.答案與解析1

36、. C。本題是比較簡單的聽力測試題，從短文的第一個句子的關鍵信息eight years old可以直接聽到答案。2. B。本題是考查學生的聽力辨別能力，短文提到的地點有at home和in the open air，問題是問在哪里找到他，聽力關鍵信息是easily find him in the open air.3. A。本題是考查學生對時間的理解，可以從短文直接聽到時間at 3:45 pm, his last class began這是本題的關鍵信息。4. B。本題是考查學生細節(jié)的理解。主要考查動詞短語told somebody to do something，學生可以從短文直接聽到答案。

37、5. C。本題是考查學生聽力判斷理解能力。從短文的最后一個句子可以判斷出答案。6聽短文，根據(jù)短文的內容填表格： 這種聽力測試題對英語綜合運用能力的考查更加明顯，主要考查學生對所聽語言材料的理解能力和正確獲取有用信息的能力。這種測試題命題方式是：從聽力短文中提出要點，給出簡單的提示，要求學生聽完短文后將主要的內容根據(jù)提示寫出來，使要點內容完整，一目了然。短文的主要體裁是人物介紹、新聞報道、活動介紹等。聽錄音前應該先閱讀試卷上的文字材料，這些文字材料不是錄音的全部內容，而是以提綱、摘要、筆記、圖表等形式出現(xiàn)。通過閱讀這些已有的文字資料，理清所給材料的脈絡，了解需要填寫的信息，然后再一邊聽一邊補全所

38、缺少的信息。這個題的聽力材料一般讀二到三遍，最后一遍要認真檢查所填寫信息的正確性，要注意信息的完整性。聽力測試結束后，再檢查詞語的大小寫、適當形式等。例如：聽短文，根據(jù)所聽內容完成下面的表格。(每空不多于三個詞)。（生詞：reveal 透露）10 rules for a long and happy lifeWho have revealed the 10 rules?(1) _What is even allowed?Sunbathing, drinking alcohol and eating chocolate.The first rule(2) _A great effectWhere

39、 you live also has a great effect on (3)_Seeing the doctorsIts the (4) _ rule.AdviceRule 9 advises you to learn new technologies.Rule 10You should smile and (5) _in life.聽力材料：10 rules for a long and happy lifeScientists have revealed 10 rules for a long and happy life. And the rules even allow for s

40、unbathing, drinking alcohol and eating chocolate.The first rule is to enjoy yourself. The second on the list is a happy marriage and good family life. Studies have shown those can add as much as seven years to a mans life and two years to a womans life. Third, where you live also has a great effect

41、on your health. Drinking wine, going to parties and eating chocolate belong to the fourth rule. Many studies show that a little of those can do you good. The fifth rule says that you should exercise your brain to stay active. Seeing the doctors is the sixth rule. If youre sick, go to doctors quickly

42、. The next rule is to eat healthily. Rule 8 asks you to put more excitement into your lives. Traveling or learning a new language can add years to your life. Rule 9 advises you to learn new technologies. Rule 10 is that you should smile and feel happier in life.答案與解析1. Scientists。本題是考查學生的聽力反應能力，從短文的

43、開頭第一個句子的關鍵信息scientists可 以判斷是科學家提出這些規(guī)則。所以第一個空填scientists。2. To enjoy yourself。本題是考查聽力段落主題的判斷能力。從短文的第二段主題即第一個句子可以 判斷第一個規(guī)則是to enjoy yourself。3. your health。從短文的第三個規(guī)則即Third, where you live also has a great effect on your health.可以判斷on your health。4. sixth。本題是考查學生的聽力快速反應能力，從短文的關鍵句子Seeing the doctors is the sixth rule可以聽到是第六個規(guī)則，要注意用序數(shù)詞形式。5. feel happier。從短文的最后一個規(guī)則即短文的最后一個句子可以聽到第十個規(guī)則是Rule 10 is that you