必修3-unit5同位語從句

1、Eg: We heard the news that our team had won.我們聽到我們隊(duì)贏了。同位語從句【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】同位語從句【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】熟練掌握同位語從句【教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)】引導(dǎo)詞的使用、同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別【教學(xué)過程】*什么是同位語從句：同位語從句是名詞性從句中的一種，是用以解釋說明某一名詞內(nèi)容和實(shí)質(zhì)的從句，它所修飾的詞稱為先行詞。同位語從句在主句中的作用等同于先行詞的作用。Eg:ThenewsthatwellgoonapicnicthisSundayisnttrue.這個(gè)星期天我們要去野餐的消息不是真的。析：Thefact就等于wellgoonapicnic,是對thefa

2、ct的解釋說明。同位語從句常修飾的名詞不是所有的名詞都可以跟同位語從句，可以被同位語從句修飾的多是含有抽象意義的名詞。常用的有：advice建議belief信念、相信doubt懷疑explanation解釋fear害怕fact事實(shí)hope希望idea想法、主意news消息order命令opinion觀點(diǎn)possibility可能性promise答應(yīng)、諾言problem問題question問題report報(bào)道reply答復(fù)statement論斷suggestion建議thought想法truth事實(shí)wish愿望warning警告word消息*同位語從句的連接詞的使用?由that引導(dǎo) Theywe

3、reworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.他們?yōu)槟闵“l(fā)愁。 Thenewsthatwearehavingaholidaytomorrowisnottrue.明天放假的消息不實(shí)。?在某些名詞，例如suggestion,advice,request,order,demand,requirement等意為“建議，命令，要求”的名詞后，同位語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞通常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)，句中should可以省略。Eg:Thesuggestionthatthenewrule(should)beadoptedcamefromtheChairman.采納新規(guī)則

4、的建議是主席提出來的。Theyexpressedthewishthatshe(should)accepttheaward.他們表示希望她接受這筆獎(jiǎng)金。?由whether引導(dǎo)的同位語從句Eg:Answermyquestionwhetherhewillcome.你回答我的問題：你來不來。Thequestionwhetheritisrightorwrongdependontheresult.這個(gè)是對還是錯(cuò)要看結(jié)果?！咀⒁狻?whether可引導(dǎo)同位語從句，但if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。*名詞doubt“懷疑”后的同位語從句用whether連接；nodoubt“不懷疑”后的同位語從句用that連接。如：

5、Wehavesomedoubtwhethertheycancompletethetaskontime.我們懷疑他們是否能準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成任務(wù)。 ThereisnodoubtthatLiWeiwillkeephispromise.毫無疑問，李偉會信守承諾的。?由連接代詞what,which,who,whom引導(dǎo)的同位語從句Eg:Haveyouanyideawhattimeitstarts?你知道什么時(shí)候開始嗎？誰該干這項(xiàng)工作，這個(gè)問題需要考Thequestionwhoshouldtheworkrequiresconsideration.慮。我不知道他們在談?wù)撜l。Ihavenoideawhomtheyar

6、etalkingabout.Idon'tknowthequestionwhichpenismine.我不知道哪支筆是我的。?由連接副詞when,where,why,how引導(dǎo)的同位語從句Eg:Ihavenoideawhenhewillcome.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。Itisaquestionhowhedidit.問題是他怎么去做。Hehadnoideawhysheleft.他不知道她為什么離開。Idon'tknowthequestionwheretheconcertwillbeheld.我不知道音樂會在哪里舉行。【隨即隨練】一、用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空1.Buttheyforget

7、thefactthattheywerenotexperienced.2.Ihavenoideawhatisgoingonthedayaftertomorrow.3.Thequestionwhen/why/how/whethertheywillcomebackisveryimportant.4.Thepossibilitythatthemajorityofthelabourforcewillworkathomeisatrend.5.Sheaskedmeaquestionwhetherwewillgoswimmingornot.6.Idohopeyoucankeepyourpromisethaty

8、ouwillneverbelateagain.7.Sheaskedmeaquestionwherethemeetingwillbeheld.8.Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool.9.Thefactthatthetransportofthegoodscoststoomuchwasnotdiscussed.10.Heputforwardthequestionwhentheywillbeback.11.Idon'tknowthequestionwhichbagisyours.12.Ihavenoideawhocanfinishthewo

9、rk.13.Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.?同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別*定語從句和同位語從句都是用來修飾名詞的，因此也很容易混淆，以下從幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行分析其區(qū)別：從意義上來看：同位語從句相當(dāng)于名詞，對先行詞的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋、補(bǔ)充說明；而定語從句相當(dāng)于形容詞，對先行詞起修飾、描述或限制作用。Eg:一Iwon'tbelievethefactthatheliedtohismother.我不愿相信他對他母親撒謊的事實(shí)。（that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，從句對fact的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行說明）一Iwon'tbelievethefact（

10、that）hetoldme.我不愿相信他告訴我的事實(shí)。（that引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在從句中作謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語，從句對fact進(jìn)行限定）從引導(dǎo)詞來看：引導(dǎo)詞that在同位語從句中是連詞，只起連接作用，無具體詞義，that不可省略；that在定語從句中是關(guān)系代詞，它在從句中充當(dāng)一定成分-主語或賓語，有具體詞義，作賓語時(shí)還可以省略。Eg:Thefactory（that）wevisitedyesterdayisachemicalone.昨天我們參觀的是一家化工廠。（that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，并在從句中作賓語）一ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.他將要去上海的消息

11、是真的。（that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，that只起連接從句的作用）同位語從句所修飾的名詞數(shù)量有限，往往是含有某種信息的詞，如message,news,fact,hope,desire,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,question,order等，而定語從句修飾的先行詞無此限制。when,where,why引導(dǎo)的定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別When,where,why引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，分別指前面先行詞所表示的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因，在從句中作狀語，而同位語從句中when,where,why等在從句中有疑問意義而且前面的名詞不是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的。Eg:Iwillremem

12、berthetimewhenIwontheprizeintheNationalMathsCompetitionforever.我將永遠(yuǎn)記著我在全國數(shù)學(xué)競賽中獲獎(jiǎng)的那一刻。（定語從句）IhavenoideawhenhewontheprizeintheNationalMathsCompetition.我不知道他是什么時(shí)候在全國數(shù)學(xué)競賽中獲獎(jiǎng)的。（同位語從句）Thequestionwhereweshouldgohasnotbeendiscussed.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)去哪里的問題還沒有討論。（同位語從句）ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.這是兩年前我們住的那個(gè)房子。（定

13、語從句）Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslate?你知道他為什么遲到了嗎？（定語從句）Ihavenoideawhyithappened.我不知道它為什么會發(fā)生。（同位語從句）YouhavenoideahowworriedIwas.你不知道我是多么的擔(dān)心。（同位語從句）*關(guān)系詞what,how,whether只能引導(dǎo)同位語從句，而不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。判斷定語從句和同位語從句的方法凡是同位語從句，改為Thefact/news/idea/order/truth/thoughtis/was結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，從語法及語意上都講的通，而定語從句則不可。Eg:Thenewsthatourteamwo

14、nthegameexcitedusall.（that弓I導(dǎo)的同位語從句）fThenewswasthatourteamwonthegameexcitedusall.Thenewsthattheradiobroadcastthismorningisnottrueatall.（that弓I導(dǎo)的定語從句）fThenewswasthattheradiobroadcastthismorningisnottrueatall.（誤）【牛刀小試】判斷并分析下列句子是同位語從句還是定語從句1 .ThenewsthathetoldmewasthatChineseMen'sFootballTeamhadlos

15、tagain.（定語從句）2 .ThenewsthatChineseMen'sFootballTeamhadlostagainwasnotsurprising.（同位語從句）同位語從定語從同位語從句）同位語3.IheardthenewsthattheGermanflightcrashed.句）4.ThisisthefactorywhereIlivedtwoyearsago.（句）5.Sheputforwardaquestionwhyhewaslate.（6.Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.（從句）【隨堂檢測】一、填入

16、適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞1 .Givemeyourpromisethatyouwillcometoourpartythisevening.2 .WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome?3 .Thenewsthat/whichhetoldmeyesterdayistrue.4 .Sheraisedthequestionwhere/when/whetherwecouldgetthefund.5 .Ihavenoideawhy/whenshequittedherpresentjob.6 .Thenewsthat/whichIgotfromyouistrue.7 .Doyou

17、haveanyideawhatisactuallygoingonintheclassroom?8 .Thisisthegirlwhom/who/thatImetinthestreet.9 .Thequestioncameupatthemeetingwhetherwehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.10 .LastSundaytheyreachedNanjingwhereaconferencetobeheld.11.Ihavenoideawhowillbeinchargeofthecompanywhenthemanagerisaway.12.Itisstillunkno

18、wnwhichteamwillwinthematch.13.I'mnotsurewhysherefusedtheirinvitation.14.Ihaven'tansweredthequestionhowIwilldealwithit.t been made.15 .Thedecisionwhenweshouldgetstartedhasn16 .We'llgraduateinJulywhenwewillbefree.二、完成句子。1 .Thefactthathewonthegame（他贏得比賽）isamazing.2 .Therumorthattherewillbea

19、nearthquake（將要發(fā)生地震）soonspreadalloverthearea.3 .SheaskedmeaquestionwhowillbeournewEnglishteacher（誰將是我們的新英語老師）i4.YouhavenoideahowworriedIwasthen（我當(dāng)時(shí)有多急）.5.ThequestionwhetherthesixAmericanteacherswillgotomorrow（六位美國老師明天是否要走）hasn'tbeensettled.6.Sheputforwardthequestionwherethepartywillbeheld.（聚會將在哪里

20、舉行）.【易混淆單詞】、PeoplesayitisCanada'smostbeautifulcity,surroundedbymountainsandthePacificOcean.人們說它（溫哥華）是加拿大最美麗的城市，被群山和太平洋環(huán)抱。*surroundedvt.包圍；圍繞surround.with.用包圍?搭配Tbesurroundedby/with被包圍Eg:Thepolicesurroundedthehouse.=Thehousewassurroundedbythepolice.警察包圍了這座房子。Shehasalwaysbeensurroundedwithfashiona

21、blefriends.她周圍總有喜歡趕時(shí)髦的朋友?！净顚W(xué)活用】在橫線處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~I.WhatimpressedmeintheGreecewasthattheoceanssurroundingtheislandweredeepblue.2.Astheyhadbeensurroundedbyourarmyforaweek,thearmyhadnochoicebuttosurrender（投降）.二、Thatafternoonaboardthetrain,thecousinssettleddownintheirseats.那天下午，表姐妹倆才登上火車落了座。*aboard（1）prep.上船（飛機(jī)

22、、火車、公共汽車等）Eg:goaboardaship（plane,train,bus,etc.）上船（飛機(jī)、火車、公共汽車等）Theyfinallywentaboardtheplane.他們終于登上了飛機(jī)。goaboard=goonboard上船（飛機(jī)、火車、公共汽車等）?搭配：llaboard!請大家上船（飛機(jī)、火車、公共汽車等）Welcomeaboard.歡迎搭乘。Eg:Everybodyaboardwasworried.飛機(jī)上的人者酩艮著急。"Welcomeaboard,"saidtheflightattendant.乘務(wù)員說：“歡迎乘坐。”*辨析aboard,abr

23、oad,broad與board詞語詞義釋例aboardPrep.&adv.在（到）船（飛機(jī)、火車等）上。Goaboard上船（飛機(jī)、火車等）abroadAdv.在（至ij）國夕卜Goabroad去（到）國外Studyabroad去國外讀書broadadj.廣闊的Abroadriver一條寬闊的河流n.木板；董事會；膳食（費(fèi)用）Goonboard上船（火車、飛機(jī)等）v.上船（火車、飛機(jī)等；寄宿board【隨即隨練】在橫線處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~1 .Theshipsetsailafterallthecrewcameonboard.2 .Thehijackedairplanecrashedintot

24、hetower,killingallthepassengersandcrewmembersaboard.some三、Earlierthatday,whentheycrossedtheRockyMountains,theymanagedtocatchsightofmountaingoatsandevenagrizzlybearandaneagle.那天早些時(shí)候，當(dāng)她們穿過落基山脈時(shí)，她們設(shè)法看到了一些野山羊，甚至還看到了一只灰熊和一只鷹。*Mangerv.（1）設(shè)法做成；成功應(yīng)付manage to do設(shè)法做成某事manage it設(shè)法做到Eg: I don ' t think I ca

25、n manage a long walk today.我想我今天走不遠(yuǎn)。 Did you manage to get any sleep on the plane?你在飛機(jī)上睡點(diǎn)覺了嗎?（2）能解決（問題）；應(yīng)付（困難的局面等）manage with?搭配manage withoutEg: How on earth did you manage without a phone?沒有電話你究竟是怎么解決的? Can you manage with all those bags?你拿得動(dòng)所有那些包嗎?（3）管理；經(jīng)營；負(fù)責(zé)他管理著那個(gè)家族企業(yè)。約翰管理著六名雇員。Eg:Hemanagesthefa

26、milybusiness.Johnmanagesastaffofsixemployee.(4)湊合著活下去；支撐?搭配manageonsth.Eg:Idon'tknowhowhemanageonwhatheearns.我不知道他是怎么樣僅靠他掙得的那點(diǎn)兒錢生活的。辨析managetodosth.,trytodosth.,與trydoingsth.詞語辨析例句managetodosth.有succeedindoingsth.之忌，指（經(jīng)過努力和克服困難之后）將某事做成”，即經(jīng)過努力達(dá)到了目的，重點(diǎn)在于結(jié)果Hemanagedtofinishtheworkontime.他總算按時(shí)完成了工作任

27、務(wù)。trytodosth.指“設(shè)法或試圖做某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)要做某事或盡力做某事（但不一定成功），強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作而不是結(jié)果ShewilltrytolearnEnglish.她將努力學(xué)習(xí)英語。trydoingsth.（用某種方法）試一試或試試看Whynottryknockingatthebackdoor?為什么不試著敲敲后門？【牛刀小試】在下列橫線處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~1 .Despiteallthetroubles,shemanagedtogetthechickenintothestove.2 .Thoughwelefthomeverylate,wemanagedtocatchthelasttrain.3 .He

28、triedtofinishtheworkaheadoftime.4 .Whynottrygoingbyboatforachange?【課后練習(xí)】、單項(xiàng)選擇1.1 tissaidthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities;thisistheinformationBhasbeenputforward.A.whatB.thatC.whenD.as2 .LilyhassomeideaAshe'sgoingtobewhenshegrowsup.A.whatB.thatC.asD.which3 .ThenewsAIgotf

29、romyouisnottrue,butthenewshehasbeenpromotedistrue.A./;thatB.that;/C.that;whichD.that;who4 .SamkepthispromiseBhewoulddoanythinghecouldforLucytomakeasureofherhappiness.A.whyB.thatC.whatD.whether5. ThereismuchchanceABillwillneverrecoverfromhisinjuryfortherace.A.thatB.whichC.untilD.if6. We'llreachth

30、esalestargetsinamonthAwesetatthebeginningoftheyear.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.what7. ChetoldusisthenewsChinahasgot32goldmedalsintheAthensOlympicGames,ofcourse,madeusfeelveryexcited.A.What;which;whichB.That;that;whichC.What;that;whichD.That;that;what8. ThereislittledoubtDourteamwillbeatyours.A.whichB.whetherC.