中學英語定語從句知識點歸納

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.2) You must do everything that I do.上面兩句中的man和everything是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。* 引導定語從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that, which, who(賓格whom, 所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞where, when、why* 關(guān)系詞常有三個作用：1、引導定語從句 2、代替先行詞 3、在定語從句中擔當一個成分二、關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句* 1.who指人，在從句中做主語 The boys who

2、 are playing football are from Class One. * 2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，?？墒÷浴he man (who/whom) you met just now is my friend.* 3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主語)(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做賓語)* 4. that指人時，相

3、當于who或者whom；指物時，相當于which，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。(1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主語)(2) Where is the man （that/whom ）I saw this morning? (在句子中做賓語)* 5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen i

4、n.whose指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.1、只能使用that,不用which 的情況：* 1） 當先行詞是：all , any , anything , everything , nothing或被它們修飾時。All that can be done must be done . 凡是能做的都必須做。* 2）當先行詞被形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時。

5、例如：That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop. 那是這家書店出售的最有趣的書之一。The first thing that we should do is to get some food. 我們該做的第一件事是弄點吃的。* 3）當先行詞有：the only , the very , the same , the last 等修飾時。例如：My necklace is not the only thing that's missing. 我的項鏈不僅是丟掉的東西。* 4）當主句以wh

6、o或which開頭時，定語從句中引導詞用that ,不用which 或 who ，以避免重復。例如：Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat? 正穿一件紅色外套的女孩子是誰？* 5）當先行詞既有人又有物時，用that 。例如：The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known .你剛才談起的那位作家以及他的小說確實很著名。2、只用which不用that的情況：* 1) 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時； e.g. This is the room in whi

7、ch Lu Xun lived.* 2)非限定性定語從句中；作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。e.g. That necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday.He has a daughter, who works in a hospital.* 3) 先行詞本身是that時； e.g. The clock is that which tells the time非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進一步說明，通常是引導詞和先行詞之間用逗號隔開，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 。Charles Smith, who w

8、as my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。（非限)There is somebody here who wants to speak to you這里有人要和你說話(限制性)* 4) which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數(shù)情況下意思是與and this 相似，并可以指人。He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very

9、 happy.* 關(guān)系代詞 whom， which 在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間，有時為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書寫，而將介詞置于定語從句的后面，That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.* 像listen to, look at, take care of等固定短語動詞，在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動詞分開。例如：This is the boy

10、whom she has taken care of.三、關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句* 1、when：當主句中的先行詞(即主句中被后面定語從句修飾的詞)是表示時間意義的名詞時，它只能作定語從句的時間狀語，放在定語從句句首。如果定語從句的引導詞是作該定語從句的主語或賓語，則要改用關(guān)系代詞that或which來引導。例如：I'll never forget the day when I was born. (=I'll never forget my birthday.) 我永遠不會忘記我出生的日子。The day (that) I always remember in all my

11、life is my birthday. 我一生中最難忘的日子是我的生日。(that作定語從句"that I always remember in all my life"的賓語，that可以省略)* 2、where：當主句中的先行詞是表示地點意義的名詞時，它只能作其所在的定語從句的地點狀語，放在定語從句的句首。如果定語從句的引導詞作該定語從句的主語或賓語時，也要改用關(guān)系代詞that或which來引導。例如：The factory where his father works is in the east of the cityThat is the factory (th

12、at) they visited last month. 那就是他們上個月參觀過的工廠。(引導詞that作定語從句"(that) they visited last month"的賓語，that可以省略)如：Dont forget the time (that) Ive told you. 不要忘記我告訴你的時間。(that用作told的賓語)Ill never forget the days when I worked with you. 我永遠不會忘記我與你共事的日子。(when用作狀語)He works in a factory that /which makes radio parts. 他在一家制造無線電零件的工廠工作。(that/ which 在從句中用作主語，且不能省略)He works in the factory where his father worked. 他在他父親工作過的那家工廠工作。(where作狀語)* 在定語從句的使用中，one of后面的