情態(tài)動詞用法詳解ppt課件

1、 情態(tài)動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義，情態(tài)動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義，表示說話人的心情、態(tài)度或語氣的動詞，表示說話人的心情、態(tài)度或語氣的動詞，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，只能和其他動詞原但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，只能和其他動詞原形構(gòu)成謂語。形構(gòu)成謂語。 We can be there on time tomorrow. May I have your name? Shall we begin now? You must obey the school rules. 情情 態(tài)態(tài) 動動 詞詞 的的 位位 置置 情態(tài)動詞在句中放在謂語動詞情態(tài)動詞在句中放在謂語動詞之前，謂語動詞前假設(shè)有助動詞，之前，謂語動詞前假設(shè)有助動詞

2、，那么在助動詞之前，疑問句中，情那么在助動詞之前，疑問句中，情態(tài)動詞放在主語之前。態(tài)動詞放在主語之前。 I can see you. Come here. He must have been away. What can I do for you? 他要什么？他要什么？ How dare you treat us like that! 情情 態(tài)態(tài) 動動 詞詞 的的 特特 點點 情態(tài)動詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化，情情態(tài)動詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化，情態(tài)動詞后面跟的動詞需用原形，否認(rèn)式態(tài)動詞后面跟的動詞需用原形，否認(rèn)式構(gòu)成是在情態(tài)動詞后面加構(gòu)成是在情態(tài)動詞后面加“not。個別。個別情態(tài)動詞有如今式和過去式兩種方式

3、，情態(tài)動詞有如今式和過去式兩種方式，過去式可以用來表達(dá)更加客氣、委婉的過去式可以用來表達(dá)更加客氣、委婉的語氣，時態(tài)性不強(qiáng)，可用于過去，如今語氣，時態(tài)性不強(qiáng)，可用于過去，如今或未來?；蛭磥?。 He could be here soon. 他很快就來。他很快就來。 We cant carry the heavy box. Im sorry I cant help you. 情情 態(tài)態(tài) 動動 詞詞 的的 用用 法法1. can (could) 表示說話人表示說話人“能能, 可以可以, 贊同贊同, 準(zhǔn)許準(zhǔn)許, 以及客觀條件答應(yīng)以及客觀條件答應(yīng), could 為為 can 的過去式。的過去式。Can y

4、ou pass me the books? Could you help me, please? What can you do? 他能干點什么呢他能干點什么呢? Can you be sure? 他有把握嗎他有把握嗎? can 和和could 只能用于如今式和過去只能用于如今式和過去式兩種時態(tài)，未來時態(tài)用式兩種時態(tài)，未來時態(tài)用be able to 來表來表示。示。be able to 還表示過去具有還表示過去具有 某種才某種才干并實施了。干并實施了。 He could help us at all. 他完全可以協(xié)助我們。他完全可以協(xié)助我們。 With the teachers help, I

5、 shall be able to speak English correctly. 有教師的協(xié)助有教師的協(xié)助, 我將能準(zhǔn)確地講英語。我將能準(zhǔn)確地講英語。 2. may (might) “可以，表示說話可以，表示說話人贊同，答應(yīng)或懇求對方答應(yīng)。人贊同，答應(yīng)或懇求對方答應(yīng)。 You may take the book home. May I come in? 我可以進(jìn)來嗎我可以進(jìn)來嗎? May I use your dictionary? You may put on more clothes. He said he might lend us some money. 他說他可以借給我們一些錢。

6、他說他可以借給我們一些錢。 may 否認(rèn)式為否認(rèn)式為 may not, 縮寫方式是縮寫方式是 maynt。might 是是may 的過去式，有兩的過去式，有兩種用法，一種表示過去式，一種表示虛種用法，一種表示過去式，一種表示虛擬語氣，使語氣更加委婉、擬語氣，使語氣更加委婉、 客氣或?qū)蜌饣驅(qū)δ軌蛐缘囊尚摹Ｄ軌蛐缘囊尚摹?He told me he might be here on time. Might I borrow some money now? He might be alive. 他能夠還活著。他能夠還活著。3. must “必需；應(yīng)該；一定；準(zhǔn)是，必需；應(yīng)該；一定；準(zhǔn)是，表示說話人

7、以為有必要做某事，命令、表示說話人以為有必要做某事，命令、要求他人做某事以及對事物的推測。要求他人做某事以及對事物的推測。must 用來指普通如今時和普通未來時，用來指普通如今時和普通未來時， 過去式可用過去式可用 have to 的過去式替代。的過去式替代。 I must finish my work today. You mustnt work all the time. Must I return the book tomorrow? After such a long walk, you must After such a long walk, you must be tired. b

8、e tired. 走了這么長的路走了這么長的路, , 他一定累了他一定累了 He must be the man I am looking He must be the man I am looking for. for. 他一定是我要找的人。他一定是我要找的人。 He had to go because of He had to go because of somebodys calling him that day. somebodys calling him that day. 那天他要走，由于有人叫他。那天他要走，由于有人叫他。值得留意的是：值得留意的是：1must + have +

9、過去分詞，表示如今對過去事物的過去分詞，表示如今對過去事物的推測。推測。 He must have told my parents about it. He must have received my letter now. Its six oclock already, we must have been late again. 2must 和和 have to 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別: must 表示說話表示說話人的客觀思想人的客觀思想, have to “不得不不得不,必需必需,表示表示客觀需求客觀需求,客觀條件只能如此?？陀^條件只能如此。 You must do it now. 他必需如今就干。

10、他必需如今就干。(說話說話人以為必需如今干人以為必需如今干) I have to go now. 我得走了。我得走了。 (客觀條件必客觀條件必需如今走需如今走) You must be here on time next time. I have to cook for my child. 4. need 情態(tài)動詞，情態(tài)動詞，“需求，多用在否需求，多用在否認(rèn)式或疑問句中認(rèn)式或疑問句中. Need I attend the meeting tomorrow? You need not hand in the paper this week. 這一周他不用交論文。這一周他不用交論文。 need作情

11、態(tài)動詞的用法完全和其他作情態(tài)動詞的用法完全和其他情態(tài)動詞一樣，但情態(tài)動詞一樣，但 need 還可當(dāng)作實義還可當(dāng)作實義動詞運(yùn)用，這時動詞運(yùn)用，這時 need 就象其他動詞一就象其他動詞一樣，有第三人稱，單復(fù)數(shù)，樣，有第三人稱，單復(fù)數(shù)， 后面加帶后面加帶 to 的動詞等特性。的動詞等特性。 I need a bike to go to school. Do you need a dictionary? She needs a necklace. 留意：留意：“neednt + have + 過去分詞過去分詞 表示過去做了沒必要做的事情。表示過去做了沒必要做的事情。 You neednt have

12、taken it seriously. 這件事情他不用太仔細(xì)。這件事情他不用太仔細(xì)。 5. dare作情態(tài)動詞作情態(tài)動詞, “敢，多用在否認(rèn)敢，多用在否認(rèn)或疑問句中?；蛞蓡柧渲?。Dare you catch the little cat? The little girl dare not speak in public. dare 除用作情態(tài)動詞外，更多的是當(dāng)實除用作情態(tài)動詞外，更多的是當(dāng)實義動詞運(yùn)用，義動詞運(yùn)用， 用法同實義動詞一樣，要用法同實義動詞一樣，要思索人稱，單復(fù)數(shù)，時態(tài)等。思索人稱，單復(fù)數(shù)，時態(tài)等。 Do you dare to walk in the dark? He doesn

13、t dare to tell the teacher what happened that day. 6. ought “該當(dāng)；應(yīng)該，后面跟帶有該當(dāng)；應(yīng)該，后面跟帶有 to 的動詞不定式。的動詞不定式。 You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar. 假設(shè)假設(shè)他想知道如何修繕汽車他想知道如何修繕汽車,他應(yīng)該讀這些書。他應(yīng)該讀這些書。 You ought to bring the child here. 他應(yīng)該他應(yīng)該把孩子帶來。把孩子帶來。 ought + to have done 句型句

14、型,指過去動指過去動作作,表示一件事情該做而未做。表示一件事情該做而未做。 You ought to have been here yesterday. ought not to have done 句型句型,表示一表示一件不該做的事情卻做了。件不該做的事情卻做了。 You ought not to have taken the book out of the reading-room. 7. will (would) 表決心、愿望。表決心、愿望。 would 為為 will 的過去式的過去式, 可用于各人稱?？捎糜诟魅朔Q。Ill do my best to catch up with the

15、m. Ill never do it again, thats the last time. 我再不會做那件事情了我再不會做那件事情了,這是最后一次。這是最后一次。He said he would help me. 他說他會協(xié)助我。他說他會協(xié)助我。 will, would用于第二人稱疑問句表用于第二人稱疑問句表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢鰬┣蠡蛴崋柺菊f話人向?qū)Ψ教岢鰬┣蠡蛴崋?用用 would 比比 will 更婉轉(zhuǎn)更婉轉(zhuǎn),客氣。客氣。 8. shall, should 表示命令表示命令, 警告警告, 許愿許愿, 征求征求, 勸告勸告, 建議建議, 驚奇。驚奇。 You should hand in t

16、he exercise book. This should be no problem. 這應(yīng)該沒問題。這應(yīng)該沒問題。 Shall we go now? Why should I meet him？ 為什么我要見他為什么我要見他? Its hot. Will you open the windows? Will you help me to work it out? Would you like some coffee？情態(tài)動詞專練題情態(tài)動詞專練題1.Put on more clothes. You be feeling cold with only a shirt on. A. can B.

17、 could C. must D. would2. Must I drive to his house and pick up the children? No, _. A. you shouldnt B. you might not C. you neednt D. you mustnt3.You to attend the meeting, but you didnt. A. should come B. would have come C. came D. should have come4.We didnt see Tom at the meeting yesterday. He it

18、. A. mustnt have attended B. cannot have attended C. neednt have attended D. would have not attended5.Tom went on foot, but he by bus.A. might go B. may go C. could have gone D. ought have gone 6.We play chess than bridge. Some of us dont know how to play bridge. A. had better B. would better C. wou

19、ld rather D. had rather7.There is someone knocking at the door. it be Tom? A. Can B. Must C. Should D. Ought8.There was a lot of time. He . A. mustnt have hurried B. neednt have hurried C. could have hurried D. ought to have hurried 9.We didnt study Chemistry last night, but we .A. had studied B. co

20、uld C. should D. could have10.One ought for what one hasnt done.A. not to be punished B. to not be punishedC. to not punished D. not be punished11.May I pick a flower in the garden? . A. No, you neednt B. Not, please C. No, you mustnt D. No, you wont12.Could I call you by your first name? Yes, you .

21、 A. will B. could C. may D. might13.Two years ago, my husband bought me a bicycle. If you live in town, it is often faster than a car and you worry about parking. A. must not B. may not C. should not D. dont have to14.I didnt see her in the meeting-room this morning. She at the meeting.A. mustnt hav

22、e spoken B. shouldnt have spokenC. neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken 15.I wonder how he that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say 16.You take your umbrella. I am sure it wont rain. A. shouldnt B. cant C. dont have to D. mustnt17.The dog hibernate in wint

23、er. A. dont need B. doesnt need to C. needs not to D. needs not18.Look what you have done. You have been careful. A. should B. can C. must D. may19.Tom did not go to the party yesterday, or I him. A. would see B. could meet C. might have seen D. might see20. Lets go to the cinema, shall we? ?A. No,

24、I cant B. Yes, I will C. Yes, thank you D. No, wed better not 21.If you had been more careful, you have made so many mistakes.A. wont B. wouldnt C. may not D. mustnt22.Whenever Mother was not here, the children make a lot of noise.A. will B. would C. were to D. were going to23.Why is it so dark. There be a heavy rain coming. A. shall B. may C. should D. will24.Tom is late. What to him? A. should have happened B. must have happened C. can have happened D. would have happened25.Tom, you play with th