天津市武清區(qū)楊村中考英語輔導復習 語法難點大全

1、介 詞I. 要點1、介詞和種類(1) 簡單介詞，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。(2) 復合介詞，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。2、介詞和其他詞類的習慣搭配關系(1) 和動詞的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。(2) 和形容詞的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different fro

2、m, good at(3) 和名詞的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.3、介詞短語可以有自己的修飾語，這種修飾語通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少數(shù)幾個副詞。如：He came right after dinner.He lives directly opposite the school.4、 某些介詞的意義與用法舉例(1) at, on, in(表時間)表示時間點用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight

3、等；表示不確定的時間或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。指長于或短于一天的時段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。(2) between, among(表位置)between僅用于二者之間，但說三者或三者以上中的每兩個之間的相互關系時，也用between, 如I&

4、#39;m sitting between Tom and Alice.The village lies between three hills.among用于三者或三者以上之間。如：He is the best among the students.(3) beside, besidesbeside意為"在旁邊"，而besides意為"除之外"。如：He sat beside me.What do you want besides this?(4)in the tree, on the treein the tree 指動物或人在樹上，而on the

5、tree 指果實、樹葉長在樹上(5)on the way, in the way, by the way, in this wayon the way 指在路上 in the way 指擋道by the way 指順便問一句 in this way 用這樣的方法(6)in the corner, at the cornerin the corner 指在拐角內 at the corner 指在拐角外(7)in the morning, on the morningin the morning 是一般說法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨(8)by bus, on the busb

6、y bus 是一般說法 on the bus 特指乘某一輛車 II. 例題例1 Do you know any other foreign language_ English?A except B but C beside D besides解析：A、B兩項except等于but，意為"除了"，C-beside意為"在旁邊"，不符合題意。而D-besides, 意為"除了之外，還有"。所以該題正確答案為D。該題意為：除了英語外，你還知道別的語言嗎？例2 He suddenly returned _ a rainy night.A on

7、 B at C in D during解析：我們均知道，at night這一短語，但如果night前有修飾詞，表具體的夜晚，則要用介詞on來修飾，故該題正確答案為A。例3 I'm looking forward _your letter.A to B in C at D on解析：該題正確答案為A。look forward to 為固定搭配，意為"期望、盼望"。連詞I. 要點1、 連詞的種類(1) 并列連詞用來連接并列關系的詞、短語或分句，如and, for, or, bothand, eitheror, neithernor等。(2) 從屬連詞用來引導從句，如th

8、at, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。除了從屬連詞(引導狀語從句)外，還有其它可以用來引導從句的詞類。它們是連接代詞和連接副詞(引導名詞性從句)，關系代詞和關系副詞(引導定語從句)。 2、 常用連詞舉例(1)and 和，并且 They drank and sang all night.(2) bothand 和， 既也Both my parents and I went there.(3) but 但是，而I'm sad, but he is happy.(4) eitheror 或或， 要么要么Either you're wron

9、g, or I am.(5) for因為I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.(6) however 然而，可是Af first, he didn't want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.(7) neithernor 既不也不Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.(8) not onlybut(also) 不但而且He not only sings well, but also dances wel

10、l.(9) or 或者，否則Hurry up, or you'll be late.Are you a worker or a doctor?(10) so 因此，所以It's getting late, so I must go.(11) although 雖然Although it was late, they went on working.(12) as soon as 一 就I'll tell him as soon as I see him.(13) because 因為He didn't go to school, because he was i

11、ll.(14)unless 除非，如果不I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.(15)until 直到He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬間動詞用于not until 結構) He stayed there until eleven.(16)while 當時候，而 (表示對比)While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬間動詞)My pen is red while his is blue. (17)for 因為He was ill, for

12、he didn't come. (結論是推斷出來的)(18)since自從I have lived here since my uncle left.(19)hardly when 一 就I had hardly got to the station when the train left.(20)as far as 就 來說As far as I know, that country is very small.You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里) II. 例題例1 John plays football _, if not bette

13、r than, David.A as well B as well as C so well D so well as解析：該題意為：John踢足球如果不比David好的話，那也踢得和David一樣好。 和一樣好為as well as. 故該題正確答案為B.例2 She thought I was talking about her daughter, _, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.A when B where C which D while解析：該處意為"然而"，只有while有此意思，故選D。例3 Would y

14、ou like a cup of coffee _ shall we get down to business right away?A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise解析：該處意為"或者"，正確答案為C。 動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)I. 要點1、 一般現(xiàn)在時(1) 表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)，常與sometimes, always, often, every day等時間狀語連用。如：Sometimes, we go swimming after school. (2) 表示客觀真理、科學事實等。如：The earth goes round t

15、he sun. 2、 現(xiàn)在進行時(1) 表示說話時或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作，常與now, at present等時間狀語連用。如：What are you doing now? (2) 和always, continually等連用，表一種經(jīng)常反復的動作，常含有某種情感。如：He is always doing good deeds.3、 現(xiàn)在完成時主要表示動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在仍有影響，或動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去，常與just, already, so far, once, never 等詞連用。如:Have you ever been to Beijing?4、一般將來時表示將

16、來某一時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與tomorrow, next year等連用。如：I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.We're going to see a film next Monday.5、一般過去時表示在過去某一時間或某一階段內發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等詞連用。如：It happened many years ago. 6、過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或某一時期正在發(fā)生的動作。如：What were you d

17、oing this time yesterday?7、 過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作。如：The train had already left before we arrived. 8、一般過去將來時表示說話人從過去的角度來看將來發(fā)生的動作。如：He said he would come, but he didn't.9、被動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)，以give為例。 時式 一般 進行 完成 現(xiàn)在 am is given are am is being are has been given have 過去 was given were was being g

18、iven were had been given 將來 shall be given will shall have been given will 過去將來 should be given would should have been given would II.例題例1 I learned that her father _ in 1950.A had died B died C dead D is dead解析：該題正確答案為B。從句中的謂語動詞動作雖然發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞的動作之前，但因從句中有明確的過去時間狀語in 1950, 所以不用過去完成時態(tài)，而用一般過去時態(tài)。例2 The f

19、ive-year-old girl _ by her parents.A is looked B has looked forC is being looked for D has been looked解析：該題正確答案為C。在帶有介詞的動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)句中，介詞不能省，否則就變成了不及物動詞短語，而不能用于被動語態(tài)的句子中。 短語動詞I. 要點英語中有許多短語動詞在意義上是一個整體，其用法有的相當于及物動詞，有的相當于不及物動詞，有的兼有及物動詞和不及物動詞的特征。英語短語動詞的構成主要有以下六種：(1) 動詞介詞常見的有l(wèi)ook for, look after, send for,

20、care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后。如：Don't laugh at others.I didn't care about it.(2) 動詞副詞常見的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可放在副詞后邊；賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則要放在副詞前邊。如：You'll hand in your homework

21、tomorrow.Please don't forget to hand it in.(3) 動詞副詞介詞常見的有l(wèi)ook down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：All his money added up to no more than $100.After a short rest, he went on with his research work.(4) 動詞名詞介詞常見的有take care of, make use of, pay atten

22、tion to, make fun of 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting.We should make full use of our time.(5) 動詞形容詞常見的有l(wèi)eave open, set free, cut open等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在后邊；賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前邊。如： The prisoners were set free.He cut it open.(6) 動詞名詞常見的有take place,

23、make friends等。這類短語動詞用作不及物動詞。如：This story took place three years ago.I make friends with a lot of people.(7)辨析give away(讓給，暴露) 和 give up(放棄，停止)put away(放起，收起) 和 put out (撲滅)turn up(出席，放大) 和 turn on (打開)keep out(阻止) 和 keep off (不讓靠近)make up(編造，補上) 和 make out(辨認)take off(脫，起飛) 和 take out(拿出)II. 例題例1 It

24、 is wise to have some money _ for old age.A put away B kept up C given away D laid up解析：該題正確uot;；give away意為"分發(fā)"；lay up"貯藏"。例2 Here's my card. Let's keep in _.A touch B relation C connection D friendship解析：該題正確答案為A. keep in touch為短語動詞，意為"保持聯(lián)系"。例3 _! There's

25、a train coming.A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on解析：該題選A. look out 意為"小心"。 動詞不定式I. 要點1、 不定式的形式。以動詞write為例。 式語態(tài) 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài) 一般式 to write to be written 完成式 to have written to have been written 進行式 to be writing 完成進行式 to have been writing 2、 不定式的句法功能(1) 作主語To hear from you is nic

26、e.To be a good teacher is not easy.不定式作主語時，為了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主語，而不定式置于謂語動詞后。如：It's nice to hear from you.It's not easy to be a good teacher.(2) 作賓語通常用于want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help等詞后。如：I forgot to lock the door.Please

27、 remember to write to me.(3) 作表語My job is to pick up letters.He seemed to have heard nothing.(4) 作定語不定式作定語時，須放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后。如：I have two letters to write.I have a lot of work to do.(5) 作賓補通常用于want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等詞后。如：He ordered her to leave at once.He was forced to obey his order.(6) 作狀語He got up early to catch th