（整理版高中英語）高三英語語法復(fù)習(xí)被動語態(tài)冀教

1、高三英語語法復(fù)習(xí)：被動語態(tài)冀教版【本講教育信息】一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：語法復(fù)習(xí)：被動語態(tài)學(xué)習(xí)過程一、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式被動語態(tài)的根本時態(tài)變化被動語態(tài)通常為八種時態(tài)的被動形式, 被動語態(tài)由be過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為：1am/is/are +done 過去分詞 一般現(xiàn)在時例visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2has /have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時例all the preparations for the task have been completed, and were re

2、ady to start.3am/is /are being done 現(xiàn)在進行時例a new cinema is being built here. 4was/were done 一般過去時例i was given ten minutes to decide whether i should reject the offer.5had been done 過去完成時例by the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in beijing.6was/were being done 過去進行時例a meeting

3、was being held when i was there.7shall/will be done 一般將來時例hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8should/would be done 過去將來時例the news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.二、被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式 1帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動詞be過去分詞。 例the baby should be taken good care of by the baby-

4、sitter. 2 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保存在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。 例his mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為 he was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3 當(dāng)“動詞+賓語+賓語補足語結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動。 例someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為the boy was caught smo

5、king a cigarette. 4在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補足語時，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加to。例1someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改為a stranger was seen to walk into the building.2the teacher made me go out of the classroom.i was made to go out of the cl

6、assroom by the teacher.3we saw him play football on the playground. he was seen to play football on the playground5有些相當(dāng)于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如“動詞介詞，“動詞副詞等，也可以用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例1the meeting is to be put off till friday.2all the rubbish should be got rid of.3this is a photo of the power stat

7、ion that has been set up in my hometown. 4my sister will be taken care of by grandma. 5such a thing has never been heard of before非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)v. +ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動語態(tài)一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài) 。例i dont like being laughed at in the public.三、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義 1. 英語中有很多動詞如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，wri

8、te，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語的特征時，常用其主動形式表達被動意義,主語通常是物。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：動詞表示主語的屬性特征 + 副詞 well /badly /easily /smoothly。 read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, eat, lock. 例 this kind of cloth washes well. 注意：主動語態(tài)表被動強調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動語態(tài)那么強調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。 試比擬：the door wont lock. 指門本身有毛病 the door wont be locked. 指不會有人來鎖門,

9、指“門沒有鎖是人的原因 2. 表示“發(fā)生、進行的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動形式表示被動意義。 例 how do the newspapers come out? 這些報紙是如何印出來的呢？ 3. 系動詞沒有被動形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形式表示被動意義 。結(jié)構(gòu)：表示狀態(tài)特征的連系動詞+adj./n.。 l

10、ook ,sound ,feel ,smell ,taste, prove ,make 例your reason sounds reasonable.四、非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義 。1. 在need，want，require, bear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動詞不定式的被動形式。 例the house needs repairingto be repaired. 這房子需要修理。 2. 形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。例the

11、 picture-book is well worth reading. the picture-book is very worthy to be read. 3. 動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關(guān)系時，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系, 不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。 例 i have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do與things是動賓關(guān)系，與i是主謂關(guān)系。 試比擬：ill go to the post office. do you have a letter to be posted? 此處用不定式的被動語態(tài)作

12、定語說明you不是post動作的執(zhí)行者。 4. 在某些“形容詞不定式做表語或賓語補足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達被動意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。 例this problem is difficult to work out .可看作to work out省略了for me. 5. 在too to結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應(yīng)用主動形式表示被動意義。 例this book is too expensi

13、ve for me to buy. 6. 在there be句型中，當(dāng)動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時，不定式用主動形式作定語，重點在人，用被動形式作定語，重點在物。 例there is no time to loseto be lost. 用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，誰 lost time不明確。 7. 在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式通常應(yīng)用主動表主動, 被動表被動。然而,由于古英語的影響,以下動詞rent, blame, let等仍用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。 例 who is to blame for starting the fir

14、e?五、被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別當(dāng)“be+過去分詞作被動語態(tài)時表示主語承受的動作；作系表結(jié)構(gòu)時表示主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)時，be后面的過去分詞是表語，相當(dāng)于形容詞。其區(qū)分方法如下： 1. 如果強調(diào)動作或句中有介詞by引導(dǎo)出動作的執(zhí)行者，該句一般為被動語態(tài)，否那么為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 例the glass is broken. 系表結(jié)構(gòu) the glass was broken by the boy. 被動語態(tài) 2. 如果句中有地點、頻率或時間狀語時，一般為被動語態(tài)。例the door is locked. 系表結(jié)構(gòu)the door has already/just been locked. 被動語態(tài)

15、3. 被動語態(tài)除用于一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)外，還可以用于其他各種時態(tài)，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的系動詞be只有一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)。 例 the machine is being repaired. 六、被動語態(tài)與高考試題賞析 1. 高考對謂語動詞語態(tài)的考查例析 1in some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. nmet1993a. is servingb. is servedc. servesd. served解析：b 因為serve是及物動詞，其動作承受者tea作主語，表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。 2this is teds p

16、hoto. we miss him a lot. he _ trying to save a child in the earthquake.nmeta. killedb. is killedc. was killed d. was killing解析：ted是kill的承受者，用被動語態(tài)，且ted救人發(fā)生在過去，所以用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。 3 have you moved into the new house? not yet, the rooms _. nmet1991 a. are being paintedb. are paintingc. are paintedd. are bei

17、ng painting解析：a “house和“paint應(yīng)該是被動的關(guān)系，排除b，d。后者未搬進新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。不能用一般現(xiàn)在時表示習(xí)慣性動作，排除c。4 when and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. 春a. are not decidedb. have not been decidedc. is not being decided d. has not been decided解析：d decide是及物動詞，動作的發(fā)出者通常是人，句中的主語是動作的承受者，所以decide要用被動語態(tài)。從

18、題干的語境和關(guān)鍵詞yet，可判斷用現(xiàn)在完成時，不定式做主語用單數(shù)，故用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。5the manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets _.春a. was bookedb. had been bookedc. were booked d. have been booked解析：b 句中tickets是book訂票的承受者，主謂為被動關(guān)系，又因票已被訂出應(yīng)發(fā)生在entered the office這個過去動作之前，所以要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。 2. 高考對非謂語動詞

19、語態(tài)的考查當(dāng)非謂語動詞的邏輯主語為動作的承受者時, 須用被動式。弄清非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間的執(zhí)行與承受關(guān)系是掌握非謂語動詞語態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。1having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. nmeta. to seeb. to be seenc. seeingd. seen解析：b 根據(jù)題意，那對老夫婦是否到國外旅行是將來的動作，應(yīng)使用不定式，故排除掉c、d兩項；又因remains的邏輯主語it是動詞see，表示動作的承受者，即“到國外旅

20、行這件事，這件事有待于“被決定，應(yīng)使用動詞不定式的被動形式。2while shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. 1996a. to persuadedb. persuadingc. being persuaded d. be persuaded解析：c cant help doing “禁不住做某事，排除a和d；顧客應(yīng)是“被勸說購物的，要用動名詞的被動語態(tài)。3i feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child.

21、 a. is to blameb. is going to blamec. is to be blamed d. should blame解析：a feel的賓語從句為強調(diào)句型，在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中，在某些場合可用不定式的主動語態(tài)表示被動語態(tài)，如to blame， to let等。3. correct the mistakes in each sentence if any:1two boys hurt while playing a ball. were hurt2the singer lived in london until he was sending to university.

22、was sent3how long do you think the meeting will be lasted?will last4a fire was broken out last night. broke out5he had to travel by bus as his car was damaged in an accident a few days before. had been damaged6the large building that is now built will be a hospital. is now being built7class is begun

23、 at 7:30 every day. begins8his plan is sounded good. sounds9your coat needs being washed. to be washed / washing 【模擬試題】 1. if city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner. a. are not kept；will have tob. are not kept；havec. do not keep；will have tod. do not keep；have to 2.

24、the fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now.a. developedb. have developedc. are being developedd. will have been developed 3. _ the sports meet might be put off. yes, it all depends on the weather. a. ive been toldb. ive toldc. im toldd. i told 4. i need one

25、more stamp before my collection _.a. has completedb. completesc. has been completedd. is completed 5. rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.a. cutb. are cutc. are being cutd. had been cut 6. the new suspension bridge _ by the end of last

26、month.a. has been designedb. had been designedc. was designedd. would be designed 7. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.a. breaksb. has brokenc. was brokend. had been broken 8. great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _.a. have been taken place; have been set

27、 upb. have taken place; have been set upc. have taken place; have set upd. were taken place; were set up 9. that suit _ over 60 dollars. a. had costedb. costedc. is costedd. cost 10. look! everything here is under construction. whats the pretty small house that _ for?a. is being builtb. has been bui

28、ltc. is builtd. is building 11. do you like the material? yes, it _ very soft.a. is feelingb. feltc. feelsd. is felt 12. it is difficult for a foreigner _ chinese. a. writeb. to writec. to be writtend. written 13. i have no more letters _ ，thank you. a. to typeb. typingc. to be typedd. typed 14. tak

29、e care! dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily.a. wont wash outb. wont be washed outc. isnt washed outd. isnt washing out 15. nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _.a. be put upb. give inc. be turned ond. go out 16. the computers on the table _ professor smith.a. belongsb. are belonged toc. belongs tod. belong to 17. what do you think of the book? oh, exc