江蘇高考英語專題一語法知識：形容詞與副詞精選(共14頁)

1、江蘇高考英語專題一語法知識：形容詞與副詞1Only five years after Steve Jobs death，smart-phones defeated _ PCs in sales.(2017·江蘇，29)Acontroversial BcontradictoryCconfidential Dconventional答案D解析句意為：僅僅在史蒂夫·喬布斯去世五年之后，智能手機的銷售額就打敗了傳統(tǒng)的個人電腦.語境提到smart-phones(智能手機)，與之對應(yīng)的PCs(personal )應(yīng)該用形容詞conventional修飾，表示“傳統(tǒng)的”.controve

2、rsial有爭議的；contradictory自相矛盾的；confidential機密的.故選D.2The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.But _ explanations are hard to find.(2017·江蘇，34)Aalternative BaggressiveCambiguous Dapparent答案A解析句意為：恐龍的滅絕不一定是因為天體的碰撞，但也難以找到別的解釋.空格處與前面的“未必”(not necessarily)呼應(yīng)，這里

3、用alternative表示“另外的，可替代的”.aggressive好斗的，挑釁的；ambiguous模棱兩可的，不明確的；apparent顯而易見的，明白的.3I want to see Mr White.We have an appointment.Im sorry，but he is not _ at the moment，for the meeting hasnt ended.(2017·天津，3)Abusy BactiveCconcerned Davailable答案D解析句意為：我想見懷特先生.我們已經(jīng)約好了.很抱歉，但是此刻他沒空(available)，因為會議還沒有

4、結(jié)束.D項available可表示“(人)有空的”，符合語境.busy忙碌的；active活躍的；concerned擔(dān)憂的.4His surveys have provided the most _ statements of how，and on what basis，data are collected.(2016·江蘇，31)Aexplicit Bambiguous Coriginal Darbitrary 答案A解析句意為：他全面的調(diào)查提供了關(guān)于如何收集信息及在什么基礎(chǔ)上收集信息的最清楚明確的說明.explicit清楚的，明晰的，詳述的；ambiguous模棱兩可的，含糊不清

5、的；original起初的，原來的；arbitrary任意的，隨心所欲的.5A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience，_ if you are travelling at high speed.(2016·浙江，13)Aeventually BstrangelyCmerely Despecially答案D解析句意為：突然停下來可能是一次非?？膳碌慕?jīng)歷，尤其是你正在高速行駛時.especially特別，尤其，符合語境.eventually最終；strangely奇怪地；merely僅僅，只.6In this article，y

6、ou need to back up general statements with _ examples.(2016·浙江，16)Aspecific BpermanentCabstract Duniversal答案A解析句意為：在這篇文章里，你需要用具體的例子來支持你的總體陳述.specific具體的，特定的；permanent永久的；abstract抽象的；universal通用的，普遍的.根據(jù)句意可知選A.7I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend _ in the years

7、.(2016·浙江，18)Alittle more Bno moreCmuch more Dmany more答案D解析句意為：我一直喜歡你組織的所有活動，希望在未來幾年里我能參加更多的活動.many more后省略了events.根據(jù)句意可知選D.8The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and _ review of the case.(2015·江蘇，31)A BCconscious Dcrucial答案A解析句意為：警官們決定對該案件進行一次徹底和全面的審查.e綜合的，廣泛的；d復(fù)雜的；conscious有

8、意識的；crucial至關(guān)重要的.根據(jù)and判斷，所填詞和thorough(徹底的，細致的)意思相近，故選A項.9Most of us，if we know even a little about where our food from，understand that every bite put into our mouths was _ alive.(2015·浙江，13)Asteadily BinstantlyCformerly Dpermanently答案C解析句意為：我們大多數(shù)人，如果對食物來源多少知道一點點的話，就會明白我們嘴里的每一口食物從前都是有生命的.formerl

9、y以前，從前，符合語境.steadily穩(wěn)固地，堅定地，不動搖地；instantly立刻，馬上；permanently永久地，長期不變地.10Listening is thus an active，not a _，behavior consisting of hearing，understanding and remembering.(2015·浙江，14)Aconsiderate BsensitiveCreliable Dpassive答案D解析句意為：聆聽是一種積極的行為，而不是被動的接受，它涉及聽、理解和記憶.passive被動的，消極的，與前面的active對應(yīng).consid

10、erate體貼的，體諒的；sensitive易受傷害的，易受影響的，敏感的；reliable可靠的，可信賴的.11Im so_ to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.(2015·安徽，26)Aspecial BsuperiorCgrateful Dattractive答案C解析句意為：我非常感激所有的志愿者，因為他們幫我愉快地結(jié)束了糟糕的一天.special特殊的；superior優(yōu)越的，超過；grateful感激的；attractive有吸引力的.根據(jù)句意可知，這里是在向志愿者

11、表達感激之情，故選C.12They gave money to the old peoples home either_ or through their (2015·安徽，31)Alegally BsincerelyCpersonally Ddeliberately答案C解析句意為：他們或者親自或者通過他們的公司向敬老院捐錢.legally合法地，法律上；sincerely真誠地，由衷地，誠懇地；personally親自地，當(dāng)面地，個別地，就自己而言；deliberately故意地，謹慎地，慎重地.根據(jù)s可知personally為正確答案.13It was _ of Michael

12、 to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.(2015·福建，23)Acareless BconsiderateCpatient Dgenerous答案B解析句意為：Michael通知我們他要遲一會兒以防我們擔(dān)心，想得真周到.本句使用了It is/was considerate of sb.to do sth.這一結(jié)構(gòu).careless粗心的；considerate考慮周到的；patient有耐心的；generous慷慨的，大方的.14Even though the conference hall is near his apa

13、rtment，he has to hurry a little if he wants to be _.(2015·湖北，27)Aaccurate BpunctualCefficient Dreasonable 答案B解析句意為：盡管會議大廳靠近他的公寓，如果他想要守時，他還是要快一點.accurate精確的；punctual準時的，守時的；efficient高效的，生效的；reasonable合理的.故選B.15I dont think what he said is _ to the topic we are discussing.He has missed the point.

14、(2015·湖北，28)Afaithful Bparallel Crelevant Dsimilar答案C解析句意為：我認為，他說的話與我們討論的主題無關(guān)，他偏離了重點.be faithful to忠誠于；be parallel to與平行，與類似；be relevant to與相近，與相關(guān)；be similar to與相似.故選C.16The girl used to be shy，but is _ getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.(2015·湖北，29)Agradua

15、lly BusuallyCpreviously Dmerely答案A解析句意為：這個女孩以前很害羞，但是正逐漸地在小組活動中變得積極起來，而且更愿意表達自己了.根據(jù)題干中的is和getting可知，這里表示循序漸進的過程，故選gradually(逐漸地).usually通常；previously先前地；merely僅僅.17Andy is content with the toy.It is_ he has ever got.(2015·四川，7)Aa better Bthe betterCa best Dthe best答案D解析句意為：Andy對這個玩具很滿意.這是他得到的最好的

16、玩具.根據(jù)上一句話可知，下一句應(yīng)用最高級，故選D. 18The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others _.(2014·浙江，13)Ablindly BunwillinglyCclosely Dcarefully答案A解析句意為：教育的宗旨是教會年輕人自己思考，而不是盲從別人.blindly盲目地，符合句意.unwillingly不情愿地；closely密切地；carefully仔細地.19My good performance in the job

17、 interview left me _ about my future and about what I can do here.(2014·安徽，27)Apuzzled BsensitiveCoptimistic Dembarrassed答案C解析句意為：我在求職面試中的良好表現(xiàn)讓我對未來以及在這里我所能做的事持樂觀的態(tài)度.puzzled困惑的；sensitive敏感的；optimistic樂觀的；embarrassed尷尬的.根據(jù)句意選C項.20With online shopping increasingly popular，the Internet is seen as a

18、(n) _ way of reaching target customers.(2014·福建，24)Atemporary BCaccurate Defficient答案D解析句意為：隨著網(wǎng)購變得越來越流行，網(wǎng)絡(luò)被看作是一種吸引目標(biāo)顧客的有效方法.efficient有效的，符合句意.temporary臨時的；x復(fù)雜的；accurate精確的.一、比較級應(yīng)注意的幾個問題1排斥問題：要避免主語和本身相比，即在同一范圍內(nèi)進行比較時，必須用other或else，將比較的一方排除在外；反之，則不用.China is larger than any other country in Asia.(

19、同一范圍)中國比亞洲的其他任何國家都大.China is larger than any country in Africa.(不同范圍)中國比非洲的任何國家都大.2替代問題：在比較從句中為了避免重復(fù)，我們通常用that(those)或one(ones)來代替前面已出現(xiàn)的名詞.若代替不可數(shù)名詞用that，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用those代替.The weather of this year is better than that of last year.今年的天氣比去年的好.Necklaces made of glass are far cheaper than those made of diam

20、ond.玻璃項鏈要比鉆石項鏈便宜很多.3倍數(shù)問題：倍數(shù)詞要放在比較級前.Our room is twice larger than yours.我們的房間比你們的房間大兩倍.4最高級比較的范圍前面用in還是用of，主要是看是否為同類相比，同類相比用of，不同類相比用in.Jiang Tao is the tallest of the boys.江濤在男同學(xué)中最高.Jiang Tao is the tallest in his class.江濤是全班同學(xué)中最高的.二、多個形容詞作定語的順序如果有兩個或兩個以上的形容詞來修飾名詞，要根據(jù)它們與名詞的關(guān)系的密切程度來確定它們的先后位置，與名詞關(guān)系越密

21、切的越靠近名詞，越疏遠的越遠離名詞.其順序為：限定詞數(shù)詞描繪詞(好、壞、美、丑等)大小、長短、形狀、新舊、顏色出處材料性質(zhì)作用、類別名詞.如：a tall white building一座高大的白色建筑；a beautiful large green Chinese carpet一條漂亮的大的綠色的中國地毯.三、易錯點梳理1副詞very可以修飾形容詞，但不能修飾動詞.(錯)I very like English.(對)I like English very much.2形容詞most前面沒有the，不表示最高級的含義，只表示“非?！?It is a most important problem

22、.It is a very important problem.3有些副詞有兩種形式，一個與形容詞同形，一個以-ly結(jié)尾.但它們的含義是不同的.close接近地；closely仔細地，密切地free 免費地；freely自由地，無拘束地hard努力地；hardly幾乎不late晚，遲；lately近來most極，非常；mostly主要地wide廣闊地，充分地；widely廣泛地high高；highly高度地，非常地deep深；deeply(抽象意義)深深地loud大聲地；loudly大聲地(含有喧鬧的意思)near臨近；nearly幾乎1In contrast with the liberal

23、 social climate of the present，traditions in the past were relatively _. (2017·蘇北六市聯(lián)考，26)A BCcreative Dconservative 答案D解析句意為：與現(xiàn)在的自由的社會風(fēng)氣相比，過去的傳統(tǒng)是相對保守的.e競爭的，有競爭力的；e全面的，詳盡的，徹底的；creative創(chuàng)造性的；conservative保守的.由題干中的liberal“自由的，開明的”及in contrast with可知，所選答案應(yīng)與之意義相反，故選D項.2The zoo has over the years provi

24、ded valuable support for the conservation of the giant panda，which is _ appreciated by the Chinese government and people.(2017·溧水高級中學(xué)二模，29)Aheavily BnearlyChighly Dhardly答案C解析句意為：這個動物園多年來為保護大熊貓?zhí)峁┝藢氋F的支持，這得到了中國政府和人民的高度贊賞.highly非常地，高度地，符合句意.heavily沉重地，猛烈地；nearly幾乎，差不多；hardly幾乎不.3It is one thing to

25、 enjoy listening to good music，but it is _ another to play it well yourself.(2017·啟東中學(xué)月考，24)Aquite BveryCrather Dmuch答案A解析句意為：喜歡聽好的音樂是一回事，能自己演奏好是另一回事.one thing.quite another.是固定搭配.quite完全地，實際地；very非常；rather相當(dāng)，寧可；much非常，很.故選A項.4Each ticket，unless stated _，admits only one person.(2017·啟東中學(xué)月考

26、，30)Aotherwise BelseCothers Drather答案A解析句意為：每一張票除非另外注明，否則只允許一個人進入.此處用otherwise表示“另外地”來修飾state一詞；B項的else也可以表示“另外地”，但通常只用來修飾不定代詞或疑問代詞且放在它們的后面.故選A項.5I dont agree with canceling all large celebrations or events just because of one accident.“Once bitten，twice shy” is not a (n) _ response.What we need to

27、do is learn the lessons.(2017·南京九中學(xué)情調(diào)研，28)Aspiritual BconsiderateCefficient Dappropriate答案D解析句意為：我不贊成僅僅因為一次事故就取消所有大型慶?；顒?“一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井繩”是不恰當(dāng)?shù)姆磻?yīng)，我們要做的是吸取教訓(xùn).appropriate適當(dāng)?shù)模线m的，符合句意.spiritual精神的，心靈的；considerate體貼的，體諒的，考慮周到的；efficient效率高的，有能力的.故選D.6You are to meet with frustration in the pursuit of s

28、uccess and through greater effort and hard work your dream will definitely true.Put it _，“No pains，no gains.”(2017·南京九中學(xué)情調(diào)研，34)Afrequently BsimplyCopenly Dfirmly答案B解析句意為：在追求成功的過程中，你會遇到挫折，通過更大的努力和勞動，你的夢想一定會實現(xiàn).簡單地說，“不勞則無獲”.put it simply簡單地說，符合句意，故答案為B.7Sometimes，we say，“I love you” to our parents

29、 or _ others when we hang up the phone，not because we mean it，but out of habit.(2017·南京學(xué)情調(diào)研，33)Asignificant BintelligentCremarkable Ddistinguished答案A解析句意為：有時，我們掛斷電話前對我們的父母或者其他重要的人說“我愛你”不是因為我們的本意而是出于習(xí)慣.significant重要的，有意義的；intelligent聰明的，有才智的；remarkable非凡的，引人注目的；distinguished卓越的，杰出的，尊貴的，高尚的.8What

30、 made them miss the deadline was not their lack of funding，but _ their lack of planning.(2017·南通、揚州、泰州、淮安三模，30)Aeven BstillCrather Dever 答案C解析句意為：使他們錯過最后期限的不是他們?nèi)鄙儋Y金，而是他們?nèi)鄙僖?guī)劃.not.but rather.不是而是，為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，故選C項.9Theres little chance that we will succeed in changing our fate._，it is important that we

31、try.(2017·泰州中學(xué)摸底考試，29)AMeanwhile BNeverthelessCOtherwise DTherefore答案B解析句意為：我們能成功改變命運的機會不大，雖然如此，試一試還是很重要的.nevertheless然而，不過，雖然如此，符合句意.meanwhile同時，其間；otherwise否則，另外；therefore因此，所以.故選B項.10If they throw stones at you，dont throw back.Use them to build your own foundation _.(2017·南京三模，27)Asomeh

32、ow BanywayCinstead Dnevertheless答案C解析句意為：如果他們向你扔石塊，別扔回去.相反，用這些石塊建造你自己的地基.somehow以某種方式，不知怎么地；anyhow無論如何；nevertheless然而，均不符合句意.instead相反，反而，此處相當(dāng)于instead of throwing back，故選C項.11There are no _ proposals to reduce the road accidents.We are still seeking inspiration.(2017·南通、揚州、泰州、淮安三模，21)Acontradic

33、tory BconcreteCconfidential Dcontroversial答案B解析句意為：對于減少交通事故，還沒有具體的建議.我們?nèi)栽趯ふ异`感.concrete具體的，有形的，實在的，符合句意.contradictory相互矛盾的，相互對立的；confidential機密的，秘密的；controversial有爭議的，引起爭論的.12The man was in a _ condition with severe injuries to his legs after being attacked by a shark in far north Queensland.(2017

34、83;蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市二模，25)Askeptical BcriticalCpractical Dphysical答案B解析句意為：在昆士蘭最北邊被鯊魚襲擊之后，這位男子腿部傷勢嚴重，病情危急.skeptical懷疑的；practical實際的，實用的；physical物理的，身體的，物質(zhì)的，以上三個形容詞與condition搭配，都與語境不符.critical批評的，嚴重的，(病情)危急的，in a critical condition病情危急，符合語境.故選B項.13Men are anxious to improve their circumstances，but are unwilling

35、 to improve themselves；_，they remain trapped.(2017·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市一模，28)Abesides BthereforeChowever Dinstead答案B解析句意為：人們急于改善他們的境況，卻不愿意提高自身，因此，他們一直處于困境中.besides而且，表遞進；therefore因此，所以，表因果；however然而，表轉(zhuǎn)折；instead而是，反而，表示一種替代.根據(jù)句意可知，此處為因果關(guān)系，故選B項.14Despite her recent surgery she has been carrying on _.(2016·

36、;揚州一模，26)Aconsequently BotherwiseClikewise Dregardless答案D解析consequently因此，因而；otherwise否則，要不然，另一方面；likewise同樣的，也，而且；regardless不顧后果地，不管怎樣，無論如何.句意為：盡管她最近做了手術(shù)，但她還是不顧后果地繼續(xù)努力.根據(jù)句意可知選D.15Learning from _ mistakes can help us keep conscious and avoid repeating them in the days to (2016·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市二模，34)Aprev

37、ious BcuriousCobvious Dridiculous答案A解析句意為：吸取以前的錯誤可以幫助我們保持清醒，避免在未來的日子重復(fù)這些錯誤. previous以前的；curious好奇的；obvious明顯的；ridiculous荒謬的.16The economy of the last quarter was much stronger than _ predicted，driven by a rare increase in government spending.(2016·揚州中學(xué)質(zhì)監(jiān)，24)Avaguely BrandomlyCconsistently Doriginally答案D解析句意為：在政府支出