【英語】肯尼迪和奧巴馬演講文化鏈接

1、cuban missile crisiscuban missile crisis, also known as the caribbean missile crisis, was a major confrontation between the united states and the union of soviet socialist re publics (ussr) that occurred in 1962 over the issue of soviet-supplied missile installations in cuba.regarded by many as the

2、worldfs closest approach to nuclear war, the crisis b egan when the united states discovered, on october 14, that cuba had secretly installed soviet missiles able to carry nuclear weapons. the missiles were cap able of hitting targets across most of the united states. the discovery led to a tense st

3、and-off of several days as the united states imposed a naval blockade of cuba and demanded that the ussr remove the missiles.at the same time, kennedy began to aitange his men to negotiate secretly wit h khrushchev. at last, on october 28th, secret diplomatic negotiations succeede d. the two sides r

4、eached the following agreement: soviet withdrew its missiles from cuba; the united states agreed not to invade cuba, and secretly withdre w its missiles deployed in turkey. this was a crisis that almost involved the whole world into a deadly nuclear war. fortunately, kennedy's good judgment and

5、the prudence khrushchev displayed once the crisis intensified helped avert catastrophe.in the process of this crisis, kennedy had always acted decisively and uncomp romisingly. kennedy's brave hawk style of work, his calm and flexible measur es frustrated the soviets9 plan, won a victory for ame

6、ricans, and also humiliat ed the soviets.the concept of natural rightsthe term "天賦人權(quán)” ,from the latin term “jus nafuralv , should be trans lated into "自然權(quán)利v (natural rights); in early days in china it was translated this way, and so it has been used in this way ever since."natural rig

7、htsh concept originated from the natural law theory in ancient gree k philosophy. since the renaissance, it has become an important theme of the western legal and political thoughts. the concept is an important concept of t he school of modern natural law, meaning that a person has the inalienable r

8、ig hts of life, liberty and pursuit of happiness and property. in the 17th and 18th centuries, holland thinker and jurist grotius (1583-1645 )，philosopher spinoza (1632-1677 ), british thinker and philosopher john locke ( 1632-1704 ), fre nch think and jurist montesquieu ( 1689755 ), thinker and phi

9、losopher rouss eau ( 1712-1778 ) furthered developed these thoughts.the origin of "natural rights" concept is also closely related to the doctrine of christianity. according to christianity, man was created by god ( the creator, god, heaven ) from his own image, therefore, man is sacred. t

10、he purpose for god to create man was to have him glorify god. when creating man, god al so endowed him the duties to manage everything on the earth. furthermore, si nee everyone is created by god, so, in the presence of god, everyone is equal.this has brought forth the basic concept of natural right

11、s:1. man is sacred. so he/she should be respected and is not to be insult ed.2. man is created by god so he/she has the inalienable rights of life, liberty and pursuit of happiness.3- in order to glorify god and manage everything on the earth, man ha s rights to seek development,receive education an

12、d select their managers (government), etc.4. natural rights are inherent, granted by god, not by someone else, so it is inviolable.5. in the presence of god, all the people have equal rights.the first time” natural rights n was put on paper was the issuing of america's "declaration of indep

13、endence. more than 200 years ago, on july 4, 1776, th e n declaration of independence n sonorously declared: "we hold these truths t o be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by the ir creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty a n

14、d the pursuit of happiness. 一that to secure these rights, governments are in stituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the govern ed, 一that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these en ds, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to ins

15、titute new governmenf the "declaration of independence n guided the american war of independence and has helped create a democratic system ensuring a long peri od of stability and development.what kennedy said at the beginning of his inaugural address, "that the rights of man come not from

16、 the generosity of the state, but from the hand of god.，： just refers to nnatural rights " american politicians and people have always f irmly believed that, everyone in the world enjoys some inalienable rights. thes e rights make it possible for people to pursue freedom, happiness and dignity.

17、 they are not bestowed by any government, while the protection of these rights is a government obligatory responsibility.obamas victory speech culture linksamericans9 view about the familythe traditional american family is a "nuclear family11. a nuclear family refers to a family made up of a hu

18、sband, a wife and their children. today, in a typi cal american family there are two to three children. in some countries, people live in a big family, or even several generations live together. in america, ho wever, only in rare cases do several generations of people live under the same roof.if the

19、 chinese concept of the family emphasizes the hierarchical （等級的）relat ionship between members of different generations of family, stresses the interde pendence of the family members, parents9 painstaking care on their children, c hildren's filial piety （孝順）and obedience to parents, and happiness

20、 based on union of the family as a whole, then the american family values can be sum med up as equality, independence, awareness of personal rights, and happiness based on individual independence. among which the most prominent is the ide a of independence and equality between family members.america

21、n families are generally very democratic. each family member has a sa y in the family affairs. children treat their parents as friends. they are not afr aid of them. parents and children share the housework. in most cases, the chil dren enjoy privacy in their bedroom. from early childhood, they bega

22、n to man age their own money. they may get some pocket money every week or even do some part-time jobs. parents usually let children make their own decisions. preschool children begin to choose what to wear or toys they want. young pe ople can choose their own jobs. they can also choose their own co

23、mpanions.just like families in countries of other cultures, american families also face m any problems- social pressures have made more and more american families s plit apart. now, in the united states, half of the marriages end up in divorce.more than one fourth of american children grow up in a s

24、ingle-parent family. therefore, many people believe that the american family is in trouble. fortun ately, people from all walks of life, including american politicians, have alread y realized the importance of a strong family to the social development and pro gress. they have been promoting and main

25、taining the traditional american fam ily values. for example, president reagan said in his speech, "family and wor k are the center of american life, and the basis of the dignity of free people?9president clinton made "reform'，his campaign theme. and the aim of the refo rm was to resum

26、e the traditional american values, among which maintaining a nd solidifying family values was an important aspect. and this was also one o f the important reasons he succeeded in the presidential election.in this speech, obama said with emotion, t would not be standing here tonig ht without the unyi

27、elding support of my best friend for the last sixteen years, the rock of our family and the love of my life, our nation's next first lady,michelle obama. sasha and mali* i love you both more than you can imagin e, and you have earned the new puppy that's coming with us to the white h ouse. a

28、nd while shes no longer with us, i know my grandmother is watching, : here, obama emphasized the importance of family to the american peopl e in his own way.the gentlemanly manner of the american politiciansthe united states of america is a bipartisan (兩黨的)country. the american presidential election

29、 held every four years is the fierce competition between the presidential candidates chosen by the two parties. in their respective election s peeches and tv debates, the presidential candidates of the two parties will acti vely expound their standpoint and policies, and at the same time question th

30、e policies and standpoint of the other candidate. but they always abide by a bott om line, that is, under no circumstances will they defame the other candidate character, let alone to question the election results of the vote. when the resu its of the election come out, the candidate who fails will

31、admit defeat at the e arliest possible time, and he will also express his sincere congratulations to the winner and the winner (president-elect) will usually express his respect in hi s victory speech to the candidate who fails. of course, he will also express hi s respect and gratitude in his inaug

32、ural address to his predecessor. american p oliticians firmly believe that, in the united states where rule of law is conside red the supreme principle, open, fair and just competition is securely guarantee d with the regulation and restriction of the american constitution, the federal election act,

33、 the election funds act, etc. therefore, no matter which candidat e fails, they will bear no complaints. maybe this is the reflection of "fair pla y"let's have a look at the remarks of obama and mccain in their respective sp eeches when the election results were released on nov. 5, 200

34、8. first let's loo k at mccain. in his concession speech he said to his supporters, "my friends, we have we have come to the end of a long journey. the american people have spoken, and they have spoken clearly. a little while ago, i had the hon or of calling senator barack obama to congratu

35、late him on being elected the next president of the country that we both love. .i urge all americans who s upported me to join me in not just congratulating him, but offering our next p resident our good will and earnest effort .tonight tonight, more than any night, i hold in my heart nothing but love for this country and fo