新概念2lesson15

1、課程名稱：Good News教學(xué)對(duì)象：小學(xué)6 年-初一學(xué)生教材：新概念2授課內(nèi)容：Lesson 15課時(shí)：2 課型：教學(xué)方法：講授法教學(xué)目的與要求：1 能夠熟讀并背誦全文2 理解句中句子的轉(zhuǎn)換重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)1 直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)及需要注意的幾個(gè)變化教學(xué)過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì)（包括講授知識(shí)、演示內(nèi)容及案例、提問(wèn)及學(xué)生演示內(nèi)容）一 重點(diǎn)單詞1 nervous adj. 精神緊張的，膽小的，神經(jīng)過(guò)敏的eg. Are you nervous in the dark?在黑暗里你會(huì)感到緊張嗎？Examinations made me nervous.：nervous 激動(dòng)，緊張（由于害怕）eg.I am always ne

2、rvous when I have to make a speech. 發(fā)言時(shí)我總會(huì)感到緊張。upset 煩惱，心煩意亂（不愉快）eg. He is upset recently because he is lack of money. 2 afford v. 負(fù)擔(dān)得起，買得起（常用在can，be able to 之后）eg.I really want to help you, but I cant afford the time.1) afford sth.買得起，付得起eg.I cant afford the coat. Its too expensive.I can only affor

3、d five yuan.2) afford to do sth. 擔(dān)負(fù)得起做某事；有經(jīng)濟(jì)能力做某事eg.I can afford to buy the book. =I can afford the book 翻譯：他買不起這臺(tái)電腦。教法：afford 近義詞和我們?cè)?jīng)學(xué)過(guò)的“花費(fèi)”有些類似，spend ， cost， take，其中這些動(dòng)詞的用法我們以前都學(xué)過(guò)而且都復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)，老師在這里就不再過(guò)多提他們，但大家在心里一定要明確這幾個(gè)詞的用法。3 weak adj. 弱的，衰弱的eg. He is too weak to lift this heavy box.教法：在這個(gè)例句中，我們還應(yīng)用到了一

4、個(gè)非常重要的短語(yǔ)，too to ，太 而 不能。 op. strong 強(qiáng)壯的 be weak in 在做得不好教法：這是我們以前學(xué)過(guò)的重要短語(yǔ)be good at 的反義短語(yǔ)，be weak in 后面可以直接加名詞， He is weak in PE. 后面也可以加動(dòng)詞，但要用ing 形式。I am weak in playing soccer.4 interrupt v. 打斷，停止eg. Dont interrupt me. It is rude to interrupt.He interrupted me while I was speaking.二 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：1 tell sb.

5、that教法：tell 告訴，后面可以直接加賓語(yǔ)，在本文中后面引導(dǎo)了賓語(yǔ)從句，另外它還有一個(gè)非常重要的句型，tell sb. （not） to do sth. 告訴某人（不要）做某事。2 would see me教法：would 在這里是will 的過(guò)去式形式，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后總是要接動(dòng)詞原形，這個(gè)短語(yǔ)是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)形式。3 feel nervous教法：feel 是感官動(dòng)詞，后面要接形容詞做表語(yǔ)。4 go into教法：我們?cè)谛? Jimmys breakfast 中已經(jīng)遇到過(guò)這個(gè)短語(yǔ)，翻譯成 進(jìn)到里去， 在這里用的是過(guò)去式形式went， go into = enter5 look up 教法：在本

6、文中翻譯成向上看，另外它還有查找的意思，look up a word in a dictionary.6 in a weak voice教法：修飾聲音低的形容詞weak 或low，voice 指的是人好聽(tīng)的聲音，noise 指噪音，sound 包含所有的聲音。三 grammar直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的用法導(dǎo)入：直接引語(yǔ)：直接引用別人的原話，一般要加引號(hào)。間接引語(yǔ)：用自己的話應(yīng)用別人的話，不用引號(hào)。eg. John said, Im going to London with my father.約翰說(shuō)：我要和父親到倫敦去。（引號(hào)內(nèi)是直接引語(yǔ)）John said that he was going t

7、o London with his father.約翰說(shuō)，他要和他父親去倫敦。（賓語(yǔ)從句是間接引語(yǔ)）間接引語(yǔ)的三要素：1）引導(dǎo)詞2）語(yǔ)序3）時(shí)態(tài)（及人稱的變化）間接引語(yǔ):四種情況主句-從句(語(yǔ)序):主+謂+賓+.1、陳述句(句號(hào)) -that(可省略)2、一般疑問(wèn)句(問(wèn)號(hào)) - if/whether(or not)引導(dǎo)詞3、特殊疑問(wèn)句(問(wèn)號(hào))-特殊疑問(wèn)詞(what/how開(kāi)頭)4、祈使句/請(qǐng)求-ask/tell sb.(not)to do sth.下面我們來(lái)看一下直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)具體怎么變。一 人稱的變化下面有一句順口溜“一隨主。二隨賓，第三人稱不更新”。教法：順口溜記起來(lái)非常容易，但我們目

8、的是要把它能正確運(yùn)用到練習(xí)題中，下面老師來(lái)解釋一下。“一隨主”是指在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果從句中的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語(yǔ)的人稱變化：eg. She said. My brother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her.教法：“二隨賓”是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，若從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第二人稱?；虮坏诙四闼揎棥木渲械娜朔Q要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語(yǔ)一致。如果引號(hào)外的主句沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)。也可以用第一人稱：eg. He said to Kate. How is your s

9、ister now? He asked Kate how her sister was then。教法：“第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)。如果從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化：eg. Mr. Smith said: Jack is a good worker。Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker。二、如何變時(shí)態(tài)如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)按下列變化：（1） 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí)（2） 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)（3） 一般將來(lái)時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)（4） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí)（5） 一般過(guò)

10、去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí)（6） 過(guò)去完成時(shí)不變，仍為過(guò)去完成時(shí)：eg. 1) She said. I have lost a pen. She said she had lost a pen.2) She said. We hope so. She said they hoped so.3) She said. He will go to see his friend。She said he would go to see his friend。但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一般不變化。直接引語(yǔ)是客觀真理。The earth moves around the sun and

11、 the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。直接引語(yǔ)是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：Jack said. “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。直接引語(yǔ)中

12、有具體的過(guò)去某年、某月、某日作狀語(yǔ)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變.Xiao Wang said. I was born on April 20, 1980。 Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，變間接引語(yǔ)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。He said, I get up at six every morning。 He said he gets up at six every morning。如果直接引語(yǔ)中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有過(guò)去時(shí)的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已經(jīng)是過(guò)

13、去時(shí)的形式時(shí)，（例：could, should, would, might）不再變。Peter said. You had better come have today。 Peter said I had better go there that day。三、如何變狀語(yǔ)：直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)則，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)由“現(xiàn)在”改為“原來(lái)”（例：now變?yōu)閠hen, yesterday變?yōu)?the day before）地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代詞修飾的狀語(yǔ)，由“此”改為“彼”（例：this 改為that),如：He said, These books are mine. He

14、said those books were his.四、如何變句型：直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes. She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.直接引語(yǔ)如果是反意疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句或一般疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句.He said, Can you swim, John? He asked John if he could swim.You have finished the ho

15、mework, havent you? my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.Do you go to school by bus or by bike? He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.直接引語(yǔ)如果是特殊問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)該改為由疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（賓語(yǔ)從句必須用陳述句語(yǔ)序）。She asked me, When do they have their dinner? She asked me when the

16、y had their dinner.直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為tell(ask, order, beg等) sb.(not) to do sth.句型eg. Dont make any noise, she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she. She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.直接引語(yǔ)如果是以“Lets”開(kāi)頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用“

17、suggest +動(dòng)句詞（或從句）?！眅g. He said, Lets go to the film. He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film. 直接引語(yǔ)是感嘆句時(shí)間接引語(yǔ)為what 或how 引導(dǎo)，也可以用that 引導(dǎo)。She said, What a lovely day it is !She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為各種現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)，

18、則間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞仍保持直接引語(yǔ)原來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。注意（1） 如果直接引語(yǔ)是表示客觀真理時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：The teacher said The earth goes round the sun.The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.（2） 如果直接引語(yǔ)中有明確表示過(guò)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)不改為過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如：He said to me, I was born in 1973.He told me that he was born in 1973.(3)如果直接引語(yǔ)所述事實(shí)在當(dāng)時(shí)和目前同樣

19、生效，變?yōu)殚g接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：He said, Im a boy, not a girl.He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.(4)如果直接引語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作，在變?yōu)殚g接引時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：The girl said, I get up at six every morning.The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.(5)如果直接引語(yǔ)中含有since, when, while引導(dǎo)的表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，只改

20、變主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，從句的一般過(guò)去時(shí)則不變。如：He said to me, I have taught English since he came here .He told me that he had taught English since he came here.(6)如果直接引語(yǔ)中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 must, need, had better以及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式could, might, should, would,在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)的改變。The teacher said to me . You must pay more attention to your p

21、ronunciation.The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.He said , I could swim when I was only six .He said that he could swim when he was only six.6.代詞等一般地應(yīng)作用相應(yīng)的變化。指示代詞 this -that these- those表示時(shí)間的詞 1 now - then 2 today- that day3 this week(month ,etc) -that w

22、eek (month ,etc)4 yesterday -the day before5 last week(month) - the week(month) before6 three days(a year)ago-three days(a year)before7 tomorrow -the next (following ) day8nextweek(month)the next(following)week(month)表地點(diǎn)的詞 here -there動(dòng)詞 bring take come go四 Exercise One1) I asked him how much_. A. do

23、es his new car cost B. did his new car cost C. his new car costed D. his new car cost2)Do you know _. A. what hes looking for B. what is he looking forC. what does he look for D. his is looking for3)Im not sure _.A. what is his name B. what his name isC. his name is what D. whats his name4)I dont kn

24、ow _.A. where does he live B. where did he liveC. where he lives D. he lives where5)I didnt know_. A. what she said B. what did she sayC. what she spoke D. what was she speaking6)I dont know_.A. when he will come back B. when will he come backC. when does he come back D. when did he come back7)Could

25、 you tell me where _ now?A.you are living B. do you live C. you live D. did you live8)He didnt know _he should go or not.A. ifB. weatherC. that D. whether9). He asked _ for the computer.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how muchC. how much did I pay D. how much I paid10). “Have you seen the film?” he

26、asked me. He asked me _.A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the filmC. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film11). “Please close the window,” he said to me. He _me _ the window.A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close12). “I am a teacher,

27、” Jack said. He said _.A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher13). He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _- very naughty.A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy isC. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his

28、 mother that the boy was14). “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked. She asked _.A. if I have already got well, hadnt you B. whether I had already got wellC. have I already got well D. had I already got well.15). He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?”He asked me _.A. am I

29、a Party member or a League memberB. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League memberD. whether was I a Party member or a League member.16). He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _.A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting alongC. how I was getting

30、 along D. how was I getting along17). He asked me _ with me.A. what the matter is B. what the mater wasC. whats the matter D. what was the matter18). He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again.A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; dont doC. told me; dont do D. told me; not to doExercise T

31、wo 陳述句1)She says,”I am a teacher.”She says_.2)She said,”I am a teacher.”She said _.一般疑問(wèn)句1)“Are you from Japan?”he says to me.He( )me_.2)“Are you from Japan?”he said to me.He( )me_特殊疑問(wèn)句3)“When does the train arrive?” Please tell me. Please tell me_4)“When does the train arrive?” Please told me.Please

32、 told me _.祈使句/請(qǐng)求1)“Dont make any noise.”Mother says to Tom.Mother( )Tom _.2)“Open the window.” Mr Li said to me.Mr Li ( ) me _.3)“Would you like to show me your book?” Kate says to me.Kate( )me_.Exercise Three 把直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)(陳述句)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1)“We go to school on Saturday.”2)“I want to give your sister a Chri

33、stmas card.”3)“I will visit my daughter in March.”He says 4)She says, “Im glad to meet you.”把直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)(陳述句)一般過(guò)去時(shí)5)“I am a teacher.”6)“We are at the coffee shop.”They said _7)“I dont have any books about animals.” Rik told Annie _8)“The earth goes round the sun.”The teacher said _Exercise Four把直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)(一般疑問(wèn)句)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1)I really dont know.“Did they go to the park yesterday?”2)The principal wants to know.“Do the students study hard?”把直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)(一般疑問(wèn)句)一般過(guò)去時(shí)3)They wondered.“Shall we buy some food for picnic?”4)“Is your mother a doctor or