TEM4(第七節(jié)復(fù)合句中的從句)

1、TEM-4Vocabulary & Grammar七、復(fù)合句中的從句（必考點(diǎn)）七、復(fù)合句中的從句（必考點(diǎn)）七、從屬分句七、從屬分句 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句= =主句主句+ + Vocabulary & GrammarVocabulary & Grammar從句從句定語從句定語從句狀語從句狀語從句名詞性從句名詞性從句關(guān)系代詞的選擇、關(guān)系代詞的選擇、限制性和非限制性限制性和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別定語從句的區(qū)別時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、比較比較、原因、結(jié)果、程度、原因、結(jié)果、程度、目的、目的、條件、讓步條件、讓步方式方式狀語從句狀語從句主語從句、主語從句、賓語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、表語從句、同位語從句同位語

2、從句七、從屬分句：定語（關(guān)系）從句七、從屬分句：定語（關(guān)系）從句 有關(guān)定語從句：有關(guān)定語從句：a. 定義定義： 在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)定語，修飾先行詞在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)定語，修飾先行詞b. 先行詞先行詞：被定語從句修飾的：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞名詞或代詞c. 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞： 引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞，起連接作用引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞，起連接作用 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞： who/whom/whose/which/that 代替先行詞并在定語從句中充當(dāng)句子成分代替先行詞并在定語從句中充當(dāng)句子成分 （主（主/賓賓/表語等）表語等） 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞： when/where/why 作狀語作狀語定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)：定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)：先行

3、詞先行詞+關(guān)系代關(guān)系代/副詞副詞+從句從句Vocabulary & GrammarVocabulary & Grammarn Vocabulary & GrammarVocabulary & Grammar七、從屬分句：定語（關(guān)系）從句七、從屬分句：定語（關(guān)系）從句 限定性定限定性定語從句語從句（Defining Attributive Clauses）修飾先行詞、緊修飾先行詞、緊跟先行詞，同先跟先行詞，同先行詞之間無逗號行詞之間無逗號隔開隔開關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系代詞：who/whom (人人)which/which（物）（物）whose (人人/物物) = (of whom/which)that(

4、人人/物物)關(guān)系副詞：關(guān)系副詞：when(at/in/on/during which)where(=in/at which)(condition/situation/case/Instance/circumstance)why(=for which) (先行詞為先行詞為reason)非限定性非限定性定語從句定語從句（ Non-defining Attributive Clauses）補(bǔ)充說明先行詞，補(bǔ)充說明先行詞，跟在先行詞后，跟在先行詞后，用逗號和主句隔用逗號和主句隔開，開，修飾先行詞修飾先行詞或前面整個(gè)句子或前面整個(gè)句子引導(dǎo)詞：引導(dǎo)詞：which,who,whom, as,介詞介詞+ wh

5、ich不能用不能用that1. The party,_ I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable. (06-53) A. by which B. for which C. to which D. at which 2. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man_ he was twenty years ago. (03-52) A. which B. that C. who D. whom Vocabulary & GrammarVocabulary

6、 & Grammar七、從屬分句：定語（關(guān)系）從句七、從屬分句：定語（關(guān)系）從句DB在以下情況，關(guān)系代詞只用在以下情況，關(guān)系代詞只用thata. 先行詞是不定代詞先行詞是不定代詞（all/anything/everything/little/much/none/something/the one.etc）b. 先行詞由形容詞最高級或者先行詞由形容詞最高級或者first/last/only/some/no/very修飾時(shí)修飾時(shí)c. 先行詞由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上兼有人和物先行詞由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上兼有人和物Vocabulary & GrammarVocabulary & Grammar七、從屬分句：定語（關(guān)

7、系）從句七、從屬分句：定語（關(guān)系）從句as 用作關(guān)系代詞用作關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句，主要和引導(dǎo)定語從句，主要和 such連用連用 We have such grapes as you never saw. He returned with such provisions(食品食品) as were needed. (見第一節(jié)見第一節(jié)) but 用作關(guān)系代詞用作關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句，與具有否定意義的主句連用，先行引導(dǎo)定語從句，與具有否定意義的主句連用，先行詞可以是人或物，意思接近詞可以是人或物，意思接近that(who)not There is no tree but bears some f

8、ruit. =There is no tree that doesnt bear any fruit. 沒有不結(jié)果實(shí)的樹。沒有不結(jié)果實(shí)的樹。 There are very few but admire your talent. =There are very few who do not admire your talent. 沒人不佩服你的才華沒人不佩服你的才華 Vocabulary & GrammarVocabulary & Grammar七、從屬分句：定語（關(guān)系）從句七、從屬分句：定語（關(guān)系）從句e.g. Nearly all the students in my class are g

9、rateful to him because there was not a single student _learnt a lot from him. A. that B. who C. but D. what Vocabulary & GrammarVocabulary & Grammar七、從屬分句：定語（關(guān)系）從句七、從屬分句：定語（關(guān)系）從句C1. 時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句 時(shí)間狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有：時(shí)間狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有： when, whenever, as, while, since, until, till, before, after, as soon as, on

10、ce, directly, immediately, hardly幾乎不幾乎不,簡直不簡直不,剛剛剛剛 (scarcely幾乎不幾乎不,簡直不簡直不,簡直沒有簡直沒有)when, no soonerthan a. 如果位于如果位于when 引導(dǎo)的分句之前的主句使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完引導(dǎo)的分句之前的主句使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)或成時(shí)或”was/were about to, was/were on the point of (正要正要)”等等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，when表示突然發(fā)生表示突然發(fā)生“正在正在突然突然”或或 “剛剛就就”.在這種情況不用在這種情況不用 as或者或者while代替代替when

11、. e.g. We were about to leave when it began to rain. while(當(dāng)當(dāng) 時(shí)候時(shí)候)表示延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)表示延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) as表示表示(當(dāng)當(dāng) 時(shí)候時(shí)候)可與可與when/while替換替換Vocabulary & GrammarVocabulary & Grammar七、從屬分句：狀語從句七、從屬分句：狀語從句b. (ever)since引導(dǎo)的從句一般要用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，主句要用完成時(shí)態(tài)引導(dǎo)的從句一般要用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，主句要用完成時(shí)態(tài)c. 在在no soonerthan/hardlywhen/scarcelywhen從句中，從句中，主句要

12、用主句要用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí),如果如果 no sooner, hardly, scarcely在在句首，主句倒裝，句首，主句倒裝，had放在主語前面。放在主語前面。e.g. The couple had no sooner got to the station_than_the coach left. (2009) 剛到車站，車就出發(fā)了。剛到車站，車就出發(fā)了。d. the moment/the minute/immediately/directly/instantly也可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀也可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句語從句e. 需用完成時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語從句：需用完成時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)

13、間狀語從句： by the time, it is/was the first timeI have/had/ Vocabulary & GrammarVocabulary & Grammar七、從屬分句：狀語從句七、從屬分句：狀語從句2.條件狀語從句條件狀語從句 條件狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有：條件狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有：if/if only(只要只要,要是多好要是多好)/unless/as long as/ on condition that/ provided/providing/supposing(假如假如,不妨去吧不妨去吧)/in case (見第六節(jié)見第六節(jié) 真實(shí)條件句和虛擬語氣真實(shí)條

14、件句和虛擬語氣)3. 原因狀語從句原因狀語從句 原因狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有：原因狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有：because/ as/since/ now that(既然既然)/ seeing that鑒于鑒于,由于由于,因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)?considering that考慮到考慮到,就而言就而言/ in that（因（因?yàn)?、在于）為、在于?in as/so much as (因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)?/not thatbut that不是不是.而是而是. 4. 目的狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句目的狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句 目的狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有：目的狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有：so that/in order that/les

15、t/for fear that 結(jié)果狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有：結(jié)果狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有：so/such.that/with the result that(因此因此,從而從而,結(jié)果是結(jié)果是) Vocabulary & GrammarVocabulary & Grammar七、從屬分句：狀語從句七、從屬分句：狀語從句5. 讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有：讓步狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有：much as(雖然雖然,盡管盡管), though, although, even if, even though, whatever, however, whoever, wherever, n

16、o matter how/what/where/when/for all that盡管、雖然如此盡管、雖然如此/in spite of (the fact that) .Etc. e.g.1 _, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.(2005)A. Although he is a socialist B. Even if he is a scocialist C. Being a socialist D. Since he is a socialist2 _ he wanted to go out with hi

17、s friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. (2008) A. Much though B. Much as C. As much D. Though much3 _I sympathize, I cant really do very much to help them out of the difficulties. (2001) A. As long as B. As C. While D. Even Vocabulary & GrammarVocabulary & Grammar七、

18、從屬分句：狀語從句七、從屬分句：狀語從句ABCas /though 引導(dǎo)讓步從句，要倒裝引導(dǎo)讓步從句，要倒裝,強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分置于句首強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分置于句首e.g. Young as he was/ Child as he was, he could speak four languages. = Young though he was/ Child though he was. =Though he was young for all （that）表示讓步，）表示讓步，that可省略可省略=in spite of (the fact that)e.g. Which of the following i

19、talicized phrase indicates purpose? (2011) A. She said it for fun, but others took her seriously. B. For all its effort, the team didnt win the match C. Linda has worked for the firm for 20 years. D. He set out for Beijing yesterday.Vocabulary & GrammarVocabulary & Grammar七、從屬分句：狀語從句七、從屬分句：狀語從句A6.比較

20、狀語從句比較狀語從句 比較狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有：比較狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有：asas/ not so(as)as/ morethan/the morethe more/ just asso/A is to B what C is to D/no.more/lessthan/not so much as (見第二節(jié)比較結(jié)構(gòu)見第二節(jié)比較結(jié)構(gòu))7. 方式狀語從句方式狀語從句方式狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有：方式狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有：as/ as if/as though/ the way(從樣子來從樣子來看看,用這樣的方法用這樣的方法)/ just assoe.g. Just as water is

21、to fish, so is air to man. Treat others the way you want to be treated.Vocabulary & GrammarVocabulary & Grammar七、從屬分句：狀語從句七、從屬分句：狀語從句 名詞性從句在主從復(fù)合句中作主語、賓語、表語或者同名詞性從句在主從復(fù)合句中作主語、賓語、表語或者同位語，語序?yàn)殛愂鼍湔Z序。位語，語序?yàn)殛愂鼍湔Z序。1. 主語從句、表語從句和賓語從句主語從句、表語從句和賓語從句a. 從屬連詞從屬連詞that/whether/if只起連接作用，連接從句，不再從句中只起連接作用，連接從句，不再從句中充當(dāng)句

22、子成分。充當(dāng)句子成分。b. 連接代詞連接代詞what(ever)/which(ever)/who(ever)/whom(ever)既連接既連接從句，又在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分從句，又在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分c. 連接副詞連接副詞 when/where/ how/ why既連接從句，又在從句中作相既連接從句，又在從句中作相應(yīng)的副詞充當(dāng)狀語應(yīng)的副詞充當(dāng)狀語七、從屬分句：名詞性從句七、從屬分句：名詞性從句Vocabulary & GrammarVocabulary & Grammar主語從句主語從句在句中作主語，一般放在句首，多用在句中作主語，一般放在句首，多用 it作形式主語來代替作形式主語來代替e.

23、g. That he survived the car accident is a miracle. = It is a miracle(奇跡奇跡) that he. Whether he comes or not makes no difference. =It makes no difference whether he comes or not. It is a mystery how the prisoner escaped. 結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：It is +名詞名詞/ 形容詞形容詞/分詞分詞+連接代連接代/副詞主語從句副詞主語從句 what/whatever/whoever/whichev

24、er 引導(dǎo)主語從句，一般不用引導(dǎo)主語從句，一般不用 it作形作形式主語式主語Vocabulary & GrammarVocabulary & Grammar七、從屬分句：名詞性從句七、從屬分句：名詞性從句Which of the following italicized parts is a subject clause (主語從句主語從句)?(2011) A. We are quite certain that we will get there in time. B. He has to face the fact that there will be no pay rise this y

25、ear. C. She said that she had seen the man earlier that morning. D. It is sheer luck that the miners are still alive after ten days.七、從屬分句：名詞性從句七、從屬分句：名詞性從句Vocabulary & GrammarVocabulary & GrammarD表語從句表語從句表語從句位于系動(dòng)詞之后，作復(fù)合句的表語，引導(dǎo)表語從句的表語從句位于系動(dòng)詞之后，作復(fù)合句的表語，引導(dǎo)表語從句的that可可以省略以省略表語從句的種類：表語從句的種類：a. 由由that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)

26、e.g. My point is that you may have to face the problem.b. 由連接代由連接代/副詞引導(dǎo)副詞引導(dǎo)e.g. Thats why I came here. Thats where the battle took place.c. 由關(guān)系代詞由關(guān)系代詞what引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)e.g. Thats what I want. 七、從屬分句：名詞性從句七、從屬分句：名詞性從句Vocabulary & GrammarVocabulary & Grammar賓語從句賓語從句a. 由由that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo) e.g. I knew she was wrong. b.由由i

27、t作形式賓語作形式賓語 e.g. I found it a terrible thing that you should have talked like that. c. 由連接代由連接代/副詞引導(dǎo)副詞引導(dǎo)e.g. She was curious to know where we had been. d. 由由whether/if引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)e.g. I wonder whether you would mind doing me a favor.f. 由關(guān)系代詞型由關(guān)系代詞型 what引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)， whatever/whichever/whomevere.g. Who is responsib

28、le for what has happened? (作介詞賓語作介詞賓語)u I will do whatever you wish. Vocabulary & GrammarVocabulary & Grammar七、從屬分句：名詞性從句七、從屬分句：名詞性從句連詞連詞whether/if的區(qū)別的區(qū)別a. Whether可以和可以和or連用連用 e.g. Whether she is coming or not is still unknown. b. Whether在介詞后，引導(dǎo)賓語從句在介詞后，引導(dǎo)賓語從句 e.g. It depends on whetherc. 與不定式連用與不定式

29、連用e.g. I am not sure whether to leave or stay on. 七、從屬分句：名詞性從句七、從屬分句：名詞性從句Vocabulary & GrammarVocabulary & Grammar同位語從句同位語從句在句中作同位語，對名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，一般由在句中作同位語，對名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，一般由that引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)，that在同位在同位語從句中不能省略，也可由語從句中不能省略，也可由whether或者或者h(yuǎn)ow來引導(dǎo)來引導(dǎo)e.g. I got the news that he had left last night. They put forward the qu

30、estion how/where we could get such a loan. 常見的跟同位語從句的名詞有：常見的跟同位語從句的名詞有：fact/belief/opinion/hope/idea/news/rumor/problem/truth/discovery/thought/ etc. 同位語從句和定語從句區(qū)別：同位語從句和定語從句區(qū)別： 1. 同位語從句是名詞性從句，補(bǔ)充說明名詞，連接詞同位語從句是名詞性從句，補(bǔ)充說明名詞，連接詞that只起連接只起連接作用，不作從句句子成分作用，不作從句句子成分 2. 定語從句是形容詞性從句，修飾先行詞，代替先行詞在句中充當(dāng)定語從句是形容詞性從

31、句，修飾先行詞，代替先行詞在句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分某個(gè)成分Vocabulary & GrammarVocabulary & Grammar七、從屬分句：名詞性從句七、從屬分句：名詞性從句a. 及物動(dòng)詞、介詞后若出現(xiàn)從句，則多為名詞性從句及物動(dòng)詞、介詞后若出現(xiàn)從句，則多為名詞性從句賓語從句，賓語從句，構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓、介賓結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓、介賓結(jié)構(gòu)b. 系動(dòng)詞后出現(xiàn)從句，則多為名詞性從句系動(dòng)詞后出現(xiàn)從句，則多為名詞性從句表語從句，構(gòu)成系表表語從句，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)c. 不及物動(dòng)詞后若出現(xiàn)從句，則多為副詞性從句不及物動(dòng)詞后若出現(xiàn)從句，則多為副詞性從句各類狀語從句各類狀語從句d. 名詞、代詞后若出現(xiàn)從句，則為形容詞性

32、從句名詞、代詞后若出現(xiàn)從句，則為形容詞性從句定語從句或者定語從句或者同位語從句，這時(shí)，從句功能來判斷。同位語從句，這時(shí)，從句功能來判斷。七、從屬分句七、從屬分句Vocabulary & GrammarVocabulary & Grammar連詞連詞that和和what的區(qū)別的區(qū)別that：a. 可引導(dǎo)定語從句可引導(dǎo)定語從句, 代替先行詞并作句子成分，使從句缺失成代替先行詞并作句子成分，使從句缺失成 分完整分完整 b. 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，只起連接作用引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，只起連接作用 what：引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，且在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，且在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分e.g.1. Quality is

33、 _ counts most. (2008)名詞性從句名詞性從句 A. Which B. that. C. what D. where 2. After_ seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel managers office. (2010) A. that作介詞作介詞exceptin賓語的賓語的 B. it C. what D. there 3. Men differ from animals_they can think and speak. (2008) A. for which B. for that

34、 C. in that D. in which in介詞后應(yīng)為賓語從句，且從句成分完整，介詞后應(yīng)為賓語從句，且從句成分完整，in that可連接原因狀語，表可連接原因狀語，表示因?yàn)槭疽驗(yàn)?七、從屬分句七、從屬分句Vocabulary & GrammarVocabulary & GrammarCCC連詞連詞 whoever和和no matter who的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 whoever：a. 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句或者狀語從句引導(dǎo)名詞性從句或者狀語從句 e.g. We will treat whoever comes as our friend. Whoever breaks a law deserves a

35、 fine. b. 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句 e.g. Whoever comes/ No matter who comes, well treat him as our friend. No matter who 指引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句指引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句e.g. No matter who breaks a law, he deserves a fine. Whoever breaks a law deserves a fine.Vocabulary & GrammarVocabulary & Grammar七、從屬分句七、從屬分句1. The government has promis

36、ed to do_ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood-stricken area.(2004) A. however B. whichever C. whatever D. wherever 2. _ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay. (2009) A. Whatever B. whenever C. Whichever D. However Vocabulary & Gramma

37、rVocabulary & Grammar七、從屬分句七、從屬分句CADrill1. I dont doubt_he can finish the task on time. A. why B. that. C. whether D. when 2. I doubt_they can swim across the river. A. why B. that. C. whether D. when 3. I doubt_he is the murderer because he is not on the scene at that moment. A. why B. that. C. whe

38、ther D. when 4. I have doubts_ everyone present has about_he is telling the truth. A. why, if B. that, whether C. whether, whom D. when, which5. _ me most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet. A. That amazed B. It amazed C. Which amazed D. Wha

39、t amazedBCBBDn第五題第五題1. 答案：答案：D.n2. 翻譯：讓我最驚訝的是，在事故中失去雙臂的那個(gè)小男孩可以用雙腳來使翻譯：讓我最驚訝的是，在事故中失去雙臂的那個(gè)小男孩可以用雙腳來使用鋼筆。用鋼筆。 n3. 解釋：解釋：n1）此題難在句子太長，結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜。）此題難在句子太長，結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜。n2）句子的主干是：）句子的主干是：_ me most是主語，是主語，was是主句的系動(dòng)詞，是主句的系動(dòng)詞，(that) the young boy who had lost both arms in accident could handle a pen with his feet是表語從

40、句做主句的表語。是表語從句做主句的表語。n3) 該表語從句含有一個(gè)該表語從句含有一個(gè)who had lost both arms in the accident的定語從的定語從句，修飾表語從句的主語句，修飾表語從句的主語the young boy.n表語從句的主語是表語從句的主語是the young boy，謂語是，謂語是could handle，a pen是賓語，是賓語，with his feet是狀語。是狀語。n4）題目的關(guān)鍵是主句的主語）題目的關(guān)鍵是主句的主語_ me most.n很明顯，這是一個(gè)主語從句，和賓語從句很明顯，這是一個(gè)主語從句，和賓語從句/表語從句類似，如果不缺成分就填表語從句類似，如果不缺成分就填入入that；如果缺；如果缺“是否是否”的含有就填的含有就填whether；如果缺其他成分，就看什么；如果缺其他成分，就看什么疑問詞可