單片機音樂盒設(shè)計

1、基于單片機的帶彩燈外觀的音樂盒摘 要：隨著人類社會的發(fā)展，人們對視覺、聽覺方面的享受提出了越來越高的要求。小小的音樂盒可以給人們帶來美好的回憶，提高人們的精神文化享受。傳統(tǒng)音樂盒多是機械型的，體積笨重，發(fā)音單調(diào)，不能實現(xiàn)批量生產(chǎn)。本文設(shè)計的音樂盒是以AT89C51單片機為核心元件的電子式音樂盒，體積小，重量輕，能演奏音樂，功能多，外觀效果多彩，配有彩燈,使用方便，本音樂盒有三個按鍵，key1控制彩燈，key2控制音樂，key3為總開關(guān)，可同時關(guān)閉音樂與彩燈。具有一定的商業(yè)價值。關(guān)鍵字：AT89C51；音樂盒；按鍵；彩燈Abstract: Along with the development o

2、f human society, people of vision, hearing things put forward higher request. Small music box can bring good memories and improve peoples spiritual culture. Traditional music box is heavy mechanical type, size, pronunciation and drab, cannot achieve batch production. Music box designed in this paper

3、 based on AT89C51 microcontroller as the core element of electronic music box, small size, light weight, can play music, multi-function, appearance and colorful, with a lantern,easy to use. The music box with three buttons , The key1 control Lantern, key2 control music, key3 total switch can turn of

4、f the music and lanterns. Have some commercial value.Keywords: AT89C51, music boxes, buttons, Lantern 1 引言1.1設(shè)計目的隨著電子技術(shù)及計算機技術(shù)的發(fā)展，單片機在日常生活中的應(yīng)用越來越廣泛，同時也顯現(xiàn)出了它的重要性，尤其在一些特殊的場合更是不可代替。為熟悉單片機的應(yīng)用。要求設(shè)計一個基于AT89C51單片機的帶彩燈外觀的音樂盒。1.2設(shè)計要求音樂盒有三個按鍵key1，key2，key3，其中key1控制彩燈的樣式，本設(shè)計有六種彩燈花樣，每按一次變換一種樣式。Key2控制音樂播放，本設(shè)計有五首音

5、樂，每按一次變換到下一首，同時八路LED燈隨音調(diào)不同而閃爍。Key3為總開關(guān)用于關(guān)閉音樂跟彩燈。2設(shè)計方案及原理2.1設(shè)計原理音調(diào)之所以不同是因為頻率的不同。根據(jù)每個音調(diào)的頻率單片機內(nèi)部的定時計數(shù)器來產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的音樂脈沖。只要算出某一音頻的周期(1/頻率)，然后將此周期除以2，即為半周期的時間。利用定時器計時這半個周期時間，每當(dāng)計時到后就將輸出脈沖的I/O口反相，然后重復(fù)計時此半周期時間再對I/O反相，就可在I/O腳上得到此頻率的脈沖。利用AT89C51的內(nèi)部定時計數(shù)器工作在方式1下，改變初值TH0及TL0以產(chǎn)生不同頻率。 此外結(jié)束符和休止符可以分別用代碼0xff和0x00來表示，若查表結(jié)果為0

6、xff，則表示曲子終了；若查表結(jié)果為0x00，則產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的停頓效果。 例如頻率為523Hz，其周期T=1/523=1912us，定時時間為1912/2=956us因此只要令計數(shù)器計時956us/1us=956次(若晶振頻率為6MHZ)，在每次計數(shù)956次時將I/O反相，就可得到中音DO(523Hz)。根據(jù)計數(shù)次數(shù)就可算出計數(shù)初值。要產(chǎn)生音樂光有音調(diào)是不行的，每個音調(diào)還有持續(xù)一定的時間。這可以用延時程序delay()來實現(xiàn)。因此每個音樂代碼有八位數(shù)字組成，高四位控制音調(diào)，低四位通過延時程序?qū)υ撘粽{(diào)進(jìn)行延時。通過子函數(shù)連續(xù)不斷的調(diào)用音樂代碼就產(chǎn)生了動聽的音樂。音調(diào)的頻率與時間都不同，讓DO、RE、

7、MI、FA、SO、LA、SI分別對應(yīng)八路LED燈中的一個，這樣播放音樂的同時就有LED燈對應(yīng)閃爍。2.2總體設(shè)計思想圖1思路圖如圖1所示按鍵部分有三個鍵，分別結(jié)于外部中斷P3.2/INT0，P3.3/INT1，及串行口P3.1/TXD上，P3.2每產(chǎn)生一次中斷count1加一，根據(jù)count1的值來決定花樣燈的種類。P3.3每產(chǎn)生一次中斷count2加一，根據(jù)count2的數(shù)值來決定播放哪一首歌曲。P3.1接總開關(guān)的。播放音樂，及花樣燈均通過調(diào)用子程序來實現(xiàn)。八路LED燈燈接到P1口。揚聲器接到P3.7上?？傮w設(shè)計電路，如圖2。 圖2設(shè)計圖3硬件設(shè)計電路由AT89C51,八路LED燈,排阻,三

8、個開關(guān),揚聲器及晶振組成，搭建如圖3。圖3硬件圖4軟件設(shè)計根據(jù)設(shè)計要求及其原理繪制程序流程圖，如圖4，,根據(jù)流程圖，在Keil中編寫程序，并不斷編譯跟調(diào)試，直至沒有任何錯誤和警告。在keil中該程序能夠運行證明編寫成功。程序見附錄2。圖4流程圖5系統(tǒng)仿真及實際調(diào)試按照實驗電路圖在proteus中找到相應(yīng)的元器件，并搭建電路，將相應(yīng)元器件的規(guī)格調(diào)到合適值。在keil中生成HEX文件，裝入單片機中運行，按key1可看到花樣燈閃爍，每按一次變化一種樣式。按key2可聽到動聽的音樂，每按一次變化為下一首歌。按key3可以同時關(guān)閉燈跟歌曲。按鍵均可實現(xiàn)要求的功能，proteus截圖見附錄1。6總結(jié) 上學(xué)

9、期通過對單片機原理及應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的學(xué)習(xí)，使我對單片機的硬件結(jié)構(gòu)，指令系統(tǒng)，以及系統(tǒng)設(shè)計有了一定的認(rèn)識，在這基礎(chǔ)之上進(jìn)行單片機設(shè)計，可以說是輕松了不少，然而在實際設(shè)計的過程中依然暴露出許多問題。例如我對單片機的中斷系統(tǒng)就了解不夠深，這使得我在設(shè)計按鍵控制的時候，面臨很大的問題，最終我通過重新翻閱課本及相關(guān)資料，克服了這一困難。在程序設(shè)計的過程中，也出現(xiàn)了不少問題，例如在總開關(guān)程序的編寫中，我就無從下手。最終我通過向老師答疑得以解決。此次課程設(shè)計也使我對C編程的有關(guān)知識得以溫習(xí)和重新學(xué)習(xí)。 總之可以說是收益匪淺。參考文獻(xiàn)1王思明，張金敏，茍軍年等. 單片機原理及應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)設(shè)計M. 北京：科學(xué)出版社，

10、2012.2李云鋼，周逢興，龍志強. 單片機原理與系統(tǒng)設(shè)計M. 北京：中國水利水電出版社，2008.3譚浩強. C語言程序設(shè)計(第四版) M. 北京：清華大學(xué)出版社，2010.4風(fēng)波親，吳寧. 微型計算機原理與接口技術(shù)M. 北京：清華大學(xué)出版社，2008.3.5吳秀清，周荷琴. 微型計算機與接口技術(shù)M. 合肥：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)出版社，2002.6宋戈等. 單片機應(yīng)用開發(fā)范例大全M. 北京：人民郵電出版社，2010.5.附錄1圖5仿真圖附錄2源程序#include #define uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned intsbit key1=P32;

11、/按key1可切換花樣sbit key2=P33;/按key2可切換歌曲sbit key3=P31;/總開關(guān)，用于總體控制花樣燈跟歌曲。sbit fm=P37;/蜂鳴器連續(xù)到I/O口P37上/-六種花樣燈閃爍代碼-uchar code huayang1=0x7f,0xbf,0xdf,0xef,0xf7,0xfb,0xfd,0xfe,0xfd,0xfb,0xf7,0xef,0xdf,0xbf;/花樣燈1uchar code huayang2=0x7f,0xfe,0xbf,0xfd,0xdf,0xfb,0xef,0xf7,0xef,0xfb,0xdf,0xfd,0xbf,0xfe;/花樣燈2uch

12、ar code huayang3=0x7f,0x3f,0x1f,0x0f,0x07,0x03,0x01,0x0,0x80,0xc0,0xe0,0xf0,0xf8,0xfc,0xfe,0xff;/花樣燈3uchar code huayang4=0x3f,0x9f,0xcf,0xe7,0xf3,0xf9,0xfc, 0xf9,0xf3,0xe7,0xcf,0x9f,0x3f; /花樣燈4uchar code huayang5=0x3f,0xfc,0x9f,0xf9,0xcf,0xf3,0xe7, 0xcf,0xf3,0x9f,0xf9,0x3f,0xfc; /花樣燈5uchar code huay

13、ang6=0x55,0xaa,0xcc,0x33,0x99,0x66,0x0f,0xf0; /花樣燈6uchar count1;/花樣標(biāo)志uchar count2;/歌曲標(biāo)志uchar timeh,timel,i;/-音樂代碼-/音樂代碼中，字節(jié)高位控制頻率,即為音調(diào)。字節(jié)低位控制該音調(diào)持續(xù)的時間，/代表多少個十六分音符。/1-7代表中央C調(diào),8-E代表高八度,0代表停頓/最后的0是結(jié)束標(biāo)志即0xff。uchar code yldbwdx= /月亮代表我的心0x02,0x82,0x16,0x32,0x54,0x02,0x52,0xA6,0x32,0x54,0x02,0x52,0x64,0x74

14、,0xB6,0x64,0x52,0x5C,0x32,0x22,0x16,0x12,0x14,0x32,0x22,0x16,0x12,0x14,0x22,0x32,0x26,0x12,0x94,0x22,0x32,0x2C,0x32,0x52,0x36,0x22,0x14,0x54,0xAC,0x92,0xA2,0x96,0xA2,0x96,0x82,0x3C,0x54,0x36,0x22,0x14,0x54,0xAC,0x92,0xA2,0x16,0x12,0x14,0x22,0x32,0x2C,0x02,0x82,0x16,0x32,0x56,0x12,0xA6,0x32,0x56,0x52

15、,0x66,0x72,0xB6,0x62,0x1C,0xff/結(jié)束標(biāo)志;uchar code kdqg=/康定情歌0x64,0x84,0x92,0x91,0x81,0x93,0x61,0x54,0x62,0x82,0x92,0x91,0x81,0x92,0x64,0x62,0x82,0x92,0x91,0x81,0x93,0x61,0x54,0x82,0x62,0x51,0x61,0x51,0x41,0x52,0x24,0x92,0x54,0x82,0x64,0x52,0x42,0x94,0x82,0x62,0x51,0x61,0x51,0x41,0x52,0x24,0xff;uchar co

16、de lzh=/國歌0x03,0x04,0x04,0xc2,0x14,0x12,0x12,0x12,0x11,0x11,0xc2,0xd1,0xe1,0x14,0x02,0x32,0x12,0x21,0x31,0x52,0x51,0x51,0x54, 0x32,0x31,0x31,0x12,0x11,0x31,0x52,0x51,0x31,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x64,0x54,0x24,0x34,0x52,0x32,0x21,0x31,0x12,0x11,0x21,0x34,0x04, 0x52,0x51,0xd1,0x12,0x12,0x32,0x31,0x31,0x52,0x5

17、1,0x51,0x22,0x22,0x22,0xd2,0xd1,0x24,0x22,0xc2,0x14,0x12,0x34,0x32,0x32,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x12,0x11,0x31,0x52,0x51,0x51,0x64,0x54,0x32,0x31,0x11,0x52,0x52,0x52,0x32,0x02,0x12,0x02,0xc4,0x14,0xa2,0xa1,0x11,0x52,0x52,0x52,0x32,0x02,0x12,0x02,0xc4,0x14,0xc4,0x14,0xc4,0x14,0x14,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x0

18、4,0xff;uchar code jmszl= /寂寞沙洲冷0x12,0x12,0x22,0x32,0x31,0x22,0x21,0x22,0x21,0x31,0x51,0x52,0x31,0x52,0x61,0x15,0x14,0x51,0x52,0x31,0x52,0x62,0x13,0x11,0x13,0x32,0x28,0x08,0x28,0x31,0x32,0x31,0x32,0x11,0x21,0x51,0x52,0x51,0x52,0x51,0x51,0x31,0x32,0x31,0x32,0x81,0x72,0x63,0x62,0x71,0x81,0x72,0x61,0x61

19、,0x52,0x31,0x21,0x32,0x51,0x54,0x22,0x12,0x11,0x12,0x11,0x12,0x12,0x14,0x26,0x32,0x26,0x32,0x61,0x51,0x51,0x31,0x31,0x21,0x31,0x51,0x61,0x51,0x31,0x51,0x02,0x32,0x81,0x81,0x81,0x81,0x62,0x52,0x34, 0x31,0x81,0x81,0x81,0x61,0x91,0x82,0x51,0x51,0x51,0x51,0x31,0x61,0x53,0x21,0x11,0x21,0x11,0x22,0x11,0x2

20、1,0x26,0x32,0x61,0x51,0x51,0x31,0x31,0x21,0x31,0x51,0x61,0x51,0x31,0x51,0x52,0x31,0x31,0x81,0x81,0x81,0x61,0x91,0x81,0x61,0x31,0x56,0x32,0x32,0x81,0x81,0x81,0x81,0x91,0x81,0x61,0x81,0x61,0x51,0x31,0x51,0x34,0x21,0x31,0x51,0x31,0x21,0x11,0x61,0x21,0x16,0xff;uchar code qnzl= /千年之戀0x12,0x22,0x34,0x84,0

21、x74,0x54,0x38,0x42,0x32,0x22,0x42,0x34,0x84,0x72,0x82,0x94,0xA8,0x08,0x32,0x31,0x21,0x32,0x52,0x32,0x31,0x21,0x32,0x62, 0x32,0x31,0x21,0x32,0x82,0x71,0x81,0x71,0x51,0x32,0x22, 0x32,0x31,0x21,0x32,0x52,0x32,0x31,0x21,0x32,0x62, 0x32,0x31,0x21,0x32,0x83,0x82,0x71,0x72,0x02, 0x63,0xA1,0xA2,0x62,0x92,0x

22、82,0x52, 0x31,0x51,0x63,0x51,0x63,0x51,0x63,0x51,0x62,0x82,0x7C,0x02, 0x61,0x71,0x82,0x71,0x62,0xA2,0x71,0x76, 0x61,0x71,0x82,0x71,0x62,0x52,0x31,0x36, 0x61,0x71,0x82,0x71,0x62,0xA3,0x73,0x62,0x53, 0x42,0x63,0x83,0x83,0x91,0x91, 0x61,0x71,0x82,0x71,0x62,0x0A2,0x71,0x76, 0x61,0x71,0x82,0x71,0x62,0x52

23、,0x31,0x36, 0x61,0x71,0x82,0x71,0x62,0xA3,0x73,0x62,0x53, 0x42,0x82,0x88,0x02,0x74,0x93,0x89, 0xff;/-不同音調(diào)對應(yīng)的定時器初值-/適合11.0592M的晶振uchar code chuzhi= 0xff,0xff,/占位 0xFC,0x8E,/中央C調(diào)1-7 0xFC,0xED, 0xFD,0x43, 0xFD,0x6A, 0xFD,0xB3, 0xFD,0xF3, 0xFE,0x2D, 0xFE,0x47,/高八度1-7 0xFE,0x76, 0xFE,0xA1, 0xFE,0xC7, 0xF

24、E,0xD9, 0xFE,0xF9, 0xFF,0x16 ;uchar yinyue=0xff,0xfe,0xfd,0xfb,0xf7,0xef,0xdf,0xbf,0x7f,0x0,0x0;/將音調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)化為對應(yīng)的LED樣式void delay1(uint z);/延時1MSvoid delay(uint z);/延時165MS,即十六分音符void song();void beep();/蜂鳴器叫一聲/-主函數(shù)-main()uchar x; count1=0;/流水燈無花樣count2=1;/唱第一首歌EA=1;/開總中斷EX0=1;/開外部中斷0IT0=1;/外部中斷0下降沿觸發(fā)方式EX1=

25、1;/開外部中斷1IT1=1;/外部中斷1下降沿觸發(fā)方式TMOD=0x01;/定時器0工作在方式1TH0=0;TL0=0;ET0=1;while(1) if(count1!=0)switch(count1)case 1:for(x=0;x14;x+) if(key3=1)P1=0xff;fm=0;break;P1=huayang1x;beep();delay1(300);if(count1!=1)break;break;case 2:for(x=0;x14;x+)if(key3=1)P1=0xff;fm=0;break;P1=huayang2x;beep();delay1(300);if(co

26、unt1!=2)break;break;case 3:for(x=0;x16;x+)if(key3=1)P1=0xff;fm=0;break;P1=huayang3x;beep();delay1(300);if(count1!=3)break;break;case 4:for(x=0;x13;x+)if(key3=1)P1=0xff;fm=0;break;P1=huayang4x;beep();delay1(300);if(count1!=4)break;break;case 5:for(x=0;x13;x+) if(key3=1)P1=0xff;fm=0;break;P1=huayang5x;beep();delay1(300);if(count1!=5)break;break;case 6:for(x=0;x8;x+) if(key3=1)P1=0xff;fm=0;break;P1=huayang6x;beep();delay1(300);if(count1!=6)break; break;/elseif(count1=0)song();delay1(1000); void int0() interrupt 0EA=0;/關(guān)總中斷delay1(1);/去抖if(k