傳感器 外文翻譯 外文文獻(xiàn) 英文文獻(xiàn) 分布是溫度傳感器

DISTRIBUTEDTEMPERATURESENSORINTHEHUMANLIVINGENVIRONMENT,TEMPERATUREPLAYINGANEXTREMELYIMPORTANTROLE。NOMATTERWHEREYOULIVE,ENGAGEDINANYWORK,EVERPRESENTDEALTWITHTEMPERATUREUNDERSINCETHE18THCENTURY,INDUSTRYSINCETHEINDUSTRIALREVOLUTIONTOWHETHERCANMASTERSENDEXHIBITIONHASTHEABSOLUTETEMPERATURETOUCHINMETALLURGY,STEEL,PETROCHEMICAL,CEMENT,GLASS,MEDICINEINDUSTRYANDSOON,CANSAYALMOSTEIGHTYPERCENTOFINDUSTRIALDEPARTMENTSHAVETOCONSIDERTHEFACTORSWITHTEMPERATURETEMPERATUREFORINDUSTRIALSOIMPORTANT,THUSPROMOTINGTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHETEMPERATURESENSORMAJORGENERALTHROUGHTHREESENSORDEVELOPMENTPHASEANALOGINTEGRATEDTEMPERATURESENSORTHESENSORISTAKENWITHSILICONSEMICONDUCTORINTEGRATEDWORKMANSHIP,THEREFOREALSOCALLEDSILICONSENSORORMONOLITHICINTEGRATEDTEMPERATURESENSORSUCHSENSINGINSTRUMENTSHAVESINGLEFUNCTIONONLYMEASURINGTEMPERATURE,TEMPERATUREMEASUREMENTERRORISSMALLER,PRICELOW,FASTRESPONSE,THETRANSMISSIONDISTANCE,SMALLVOLUME,MICROCONSUMPTIONELECTRONICETC,SUITABLEFORLONGDISTANCEMEASUREMENTTEMPERATURE,TEMPERATURECONTROL,DONOTNEEDTOUNDERTAKENONLINEARCALIBRATION,PERIPHERALCIRCUITISSIMPLEITISCURRENTLYTHEMOSTCOMMONAPPLICATIONATHOMEANDABROAD,ANINTEGRATEDSENSOR。TYPICALPRODUCTSHAVEAD590AD592,TMP17,LM135,ETCJANALOGINTEGRATEDTEMPERATURECONTROLLERANALOGINTEGRATEDTEMPERATURECONTROLLERMAINLYINCLUDETEMPERATURECONTROLSWITCH,PROGRAMMABLETEMPERATURECONTROLLER,ATYPICALPRODUCTHAVELM56,AD22105ANDMAX6509SOMEINCREASESTRENGTHTYPEINTEGRATEDTEMPERATURECONTROLLERFOREXAMPLETC652/653ALSOCONTAINSTHEA/DCONVERTERANDCUREGOODSEQUENCE,THISPROCESSWITHTHEINTELLIGENTTEMPERATURESENSORSOMESIMILARITIESBUTITISNOTITSSYSTEM,WORKBYMICROPROCESSINGDEVICECONTROL,THISISTHEMAINDIFFERENCEBETWEENINTELLIGENTTEMPERATURESENSORINTELLIGENTTEMPERATURESENSORALSOCALLEDDIGITALTEMPERATUREDEGREESSENSORISINTHEMID1990SLAUNCHITISMICROELECTRONICSTECHNOLOGY,COMPUTERTECHNOLOGYANDTHEDYNAMICTESTINGTECHNOLOGYATECRYSTALLIZATIONINTELLIGENTTEMPERATURESENSORINTERNALCONTAINTEMPERATURESENSOR,A/DCONVERTER,SIGNALPROCESSOR,MEMORYORREGISTERSANDINTERFACECIRCUITSOMEPRODUCTSSTILLTAKEMULTIPLEXER,CENTRALCONTROLSYSTEMDEVICECPU,RANDOMACCESSMEMORYRAMANDREADONLYMEMORYROMINTELLIGENTTEMPERATURESENSORISCHARACTERISTICOFTEMPERATUREDATAANDRELEVANTCANOUTPUTTHETEMPERATURECONTROLOFTHEQUANTITY,ADAPTATIONVARIOUSMICROCONTROLLERMCUTHEDEVELOPMENTTRENDOFTHETEMPERATURESENSORINTHE21STCENTURY,THETEMPERATURESENSORISHEADEDINHIGHPRECISION,MULTIFUNCTION,BUS,STANDARDIZATION,HIGHRELIABILITYANDSAFETY,DEVELOPMENTOFVIRTUALSENSORANDNETWORKSENSOR,RESEARCHMONOLITHICTEMPERATUREMEASURINGSYSTEMANDOTHERHIGHTECHDIRECTIONDEVELOPRAPIDLYSENSORSINTHEAPPLICATIONTEMPERATURECONTROLLINGSYSTEMCURRENTMARKETEXISTSMAINLYSINGLEPOINTANDMORETWOTEMPERATUREMEASUREMENTFORSINGLEPOINTTEMPERATUREFOUNDMENTINSTRUMENT,MAINLYADOPTSTHETRADITIONALANALOGINTEGRATEDTEMPERATURESENSOR,WHICHHEATRESISTANCE,THERMOCOUPLESENSORSMEASURINGACCURACY,HIGHMEASUREMENTRANGE,ANDGOTTHEGENERALAPPLICATIONTHISPRODUCTISTEMPERATUREMEASURINGRANGE200MOSTLYBETWEEN800,RESOLUTION12TH,ANDLEASTDISTINGUISHABLETEMPERATUREIN0001001BETWEENCABINLEDDISPLAYMODULE,SHOWSRANGINGFROM4TO16SOMEINSTRUMENTSALSOHASMEMORYFUNCTION,CANSTORESEVERALHUNDREDTOAFEWTHOUSANDSETSOFDATATHISINSTRUMENTCANBEVERYGOODMEETASINGLEUSERSINGLEPOINTMEASUREMENTNEEDSMORETEMPERATUREMEASUREMENT,RELATIVEANDSINGLEPOINTMEASUREMENTPRECISIONHASCERTAINGAP,ALTHOUGHREALIZEDTHEMULTICHANNELTEMPERATUREMEASUREMENTANDCONTROL,BUTTHEPRICEISEXPENSIVEINVIEWOFTHEPRESENTMARKETSITUATION,PROPOSEDTHISTOPICCANSATISFYREQUIREMENTS,SCALABLEANDCOSTEFFECTIVESINGLECHIPMULTICHANNELTEMPERATUREMEASURINGSYSTEMTHROUGHTHEFIRSTTEMPERATURESENSORDS18B20ACQUISITION,ANDTHENTHROUGHTHEC51SCMPROCESSINGANDDISPLAYEDONTHEDIGITALTUBE,CANBECOLLECTEDINDOORORAGREENHOUSEAROUNDINDIFFERENTLOCATIONSOFTHETEMPERATURE,WITHFOURDIGITALTUBETODISPLAYTHEFIRSTDIGITALPIPEDISPLAYACQUISITIONISWHICHWAY,WHICHCHANNELTHREEDIGITALPIPEDISPLAYAFTERTHEACQUISITIONCHANNELBYTEMPERATURE,ACCURATETO01DEGREESAT89C51ISA4KBYTESFLASHMEMORYERASABLEPROGRAMMABLEANDFPEROMFLASHFORTHECAMPAIGNSWITHLOWVOLTAGE,HIGHPERFORMANCECMOSEIGHTMICROPROCESSORS,COMMONLYKNOWNASTHEMICROCONTROLLERAT89C2051ISA2KBYTESWITHFLASHMEMORYCANBEERASEDPROGRAMMABLEREADONLYMEMORY,SCMCANERASEREADONLYMEMORYCANBEREPEATEDERASED1000TIMESTHISDEVICEADOPTSATMELHIGHDENSITYNONVOLATILEMEMORYMANUFACTURINGTECHNOLOGYMANUFACTURING,ANDINDUSTRIALSTANDARDMCS51INSTRUCTIONSETANDOUTPUTTUBECOMPATIBLEDUETOTHEMULTIFUNCTIONAL8BITSCPUANDWILLBEFLASHINGONSINGLECHIPCOMBINATIONOFMEMORY,ATMELAT89C51ISAKINDOFHIGHEFFICIENTMICROCONTROLLER,AT89C2051ISASTREAMLINEDVERSIONAT89C51MICROCONTROLLERASMANYEMBEDDEDCONTROLSYSTEMARRANGEAPPEARANCEANDPINASSHOWNINFIGURE“12“SHOWN12AT89C51PINSFIGUREMAJORFEATURESANDMCS51COMPATIBLE4KBYTESPROGRAMMABLEFLASHMEMORYLIFE1000WRITE/WIPECYCLEDATARETENTIONTIME10YEARSTHESTATICJOB0HZ24MHZLEVEL3PROGRAMMEMORYLOCK128X8BITSINTERNALRAM32PROGRAMMABLEI/OLINESTWO16TIMER5INTERRUPTSOURCEPROGRAMMABLESERIALCHANNELSLOWPOWERCONSUMPTIONOFIDLEANDPOWERLOSTMODEPIECEINSIDEOSCILLATORANDCLOCKCIRCUITTUBEFEETEXPLAINSVCCPOWERSUPPLYVOLTAGEGNDGROUNDEDP0MOUTHP0MOUTHAEIGHTLEAKLEVELTWOWAYI/OMOUTHOPEN,EVERYFOOTCANABSORB8TTLGATECURRENTWHENTHEPIPEMOUTHP0FEETFIRSTWRITE1,DEFINEDASHIGHRESISTANCEINPUTP0CANBEUSEDFOREXTERNALPROGRAMDATASTORAGE,ITCANBEDEFINEDASTHEEIGHTHDATA/ADDRESSINFIASHPROGRAMMING,P0MOUTHASTHESOURCECODEINPUTPORT,WHENFIASHCHECK,THESOURCECODEP0OUTPUT,WHENP0EXTERNALMUSTBEPULLEDP1MOUTHMOUTHISANINTERNALP1PROVIDEPULLUPRESISTORS8BITTWOWAYI/OMOUTH,P1MOUTHBUFFERCANRECEIVE4TTLGATECURRENTOUTPUTP1MOUTHTUBEFEET,WASTHENWRITE1FORHIGH,PULLUPINSIDECANBEUSEDASINPUT,P1MOUTHBEEXTERNALPULLDOWNFORLOWELECTRICITYATORDINARYTIMES,WILLOUTPUTCURRENT,THISISDUETOINTERNALPULLUPSAKEINFLASHPROGRAMMINGANDCALIBRATION,P1MOUTHASEIGHTHADDRESSTORECEIVEP2MOUTHFORANINTERNALP2MOUTHONTHE8BITPULLUPRESISTORSTWOWAYI/OPORT,P2MOUTHTORECEIVE,THEOUTPUTBUFFER4TTLGATECURRENT,WHENP2MOUTHISWRITTEN“1“,ITSTUBEFEETAREINTERNALPULLUPRESISTORS,ANDPUSHASINPUTANDSOASTHEINPUT,P2MOUTHFEETAREEXTERNALDOWNTUBE,WILLOUTPUTCURRENTTHISISDUETOINTERNALPULLUPSAKEP2MOUTHWHENUSEDEXTERNALPROGRAMMEMORYOR16ADDRESSEXTERNALDATAMEMORYACCESS,P2MOUTHHIGHOUTPUTADDRESSEIGHTINAGIVENADDRESS“1“,ITUSINGINTERNALANDEXTERNAL8ADDRESSADVANTAGE,WHENFORREADINGANDWRITINGDATAMEMORY,P2WHENTHESPECIALFUNCTIONREGISTERSMOUTHOUTPUTOFCONTENTP2MOUTHINFLASHPROGRAMMINGANDTHECALIBRATIONEIGHTADDRESSWHENRECEIVINGHIGHSIGNALANDCONTROLSIGNALSP3MOUTHP3MOUTHPIPEIS8FEETWITHINTERNALPULLUPRESISTORSTWOWAYI/OPORT,MAYRECEIVEFOURTTLGATECURRENTOUTPUTWHENP3MOUTHWRITING“1“,THEYAREINTERNALANDHIGHLEVEL,ANDUSEDASINPUTASINPUT,DUETOEXTERNALDROPDOWNFORLOWLEVEL,P3MOUTHWILLOUTPUTCURRENTILLTHISISDUETOPULLUPSSAKERSTRESETINPUTWHENOSCILLATORRESETDEVICETOKEEPRSTFEETHIGHLEVELTWOMACHINECYCLETIMEALE/PROGWHENACCESSEXTERNALSTORAGE,ADDRESSLATCHALLOWSTHEOUTPUTLEVELOFTHEPOSITIONFORLATCHADDRESSBYTEDURINGTHEFLASHPROGRAMMING,THISPINFORINPUTPROGRAMMINGPULSEINPEACETIME,THEALEWITHACONSTANTFREQUENCYCYCLEOUTPUTISTHEPULSESIGNAL,THEFREQUENCIESOFTHE1/6OSCILLATORFREQUENCYSOITCANBEUSEDAGAINSTEXTERNALOUTPUTPULSEORUSEDFORTIMINGPURPOSEHOWEVERITISWHENEVERUSEDFOREXTERNALDATASTORAGE,WILLSKIPAALEPULSEIFYOUWANTTOBANTHEALEOUTPUTCANBEINSFR8EHADDRESSFOR0ATTHISTIME,ONLYBYPERFORMINGTHEALEMOVX,MOVCINSTRUCTIONISALETOTAKEEFFECTINADDITION,THEPINSWERESLIGHTLYUPIFMICROPROCESSORINEXTERNALEXECUTIONALE,BUYABANISINVALID/PSENEXTERNALPROGRAMMEMORYCHOICEOFCOMMUNICATIONNUMBERBYEXTERNALPROGRAMMEMORYINDURINGTHEINSTRUCTIONFETCH,EACHMACHINECYCLETWICE/PSENEFFECTIVEBUTONAVISITTOEXTERNALDATASTORAGE,THETWOEFFECTIVE/PSENSIGNALSWILLNOTAPPEAR/EA/VPPWHEN/EAKEEPLOWLEVELSINTHISPERIOD,THEEXTERNALPROGRAMMEMORY0000HFFFFH,WHETHERHAVEINTERNALPROGRAMMEMORYNOTEENCRYPTIONMETHOD1,/EAWILLRESETFORINTERNALFOCUSWHEN/EAENDKEEPHIGHELECTRICITYATORDINARYTIMES,INTERNALPROGRAMMEMORYHEREDURINGTHEFLASHPROGRAMMING,THISPINISALSOUSEDVPP12VPROGRAMMINGPOWERONXTAL1THEINVERTINGOSCILLATORAMPLIFIERINPUTANDINPUTTOTHEINTERNALCLOCKOPERATINGCIRCUITXTAL2FROMREVERSEOSCILLATOROUTPUTKEILVISION2ISABOUTTHE8051SERIESMCUKEILCOMPANYOFDEVELOPMENTTOOLSCANBEUSEDTOCOMPILECSOURCECODE,ASSEMBLERSSOURCEPROGRAM,CONNECTIONANDRELOCATIONTARGETFILESANDLIBRARIES,GENBUILTDOCUMENTS,DEBUGGINGPURPOSESPROCEDURE,ETC,ITISAKINDOFINTEGRATIONOFDOCUMENTMANAGEMENTCOMPILEENVIRONMENTITINTEGRATESDOCUMENTEDITINGPROCESSING,COMPILECONNECTION,PROJECTMANAGEMENT,WINDOW,TOOLSCITEDANDSOFTWARECOPYTRUEDEBUGGINGANDOTHERFUNCTIONS,ISPRETTYPOWERFULDEVELOPMENTTOOLINKEILINSIDECOMPILE,THEPROCEDURESREQUIREDCOMMISSIONING分布是溫度傳感器在人類的生活環(huán)境中，溫度扮演著極其重要的角色。無論你生活在哪里，從事什么工作，無時(shí)無刻不在與溫度打著交道。自18世紀(jì)工業(yè)革命以來，工業(yè)發(fā)展對(duì)是否能掌握溫度有著絕對(duì)的聯(lián)系。在冶金、鋼鐵、石化、水泥、玻璃、醫(yī)藥等等行業(yè)，可以說幾乎80的工業(yè)部門都不得不考慮著溫度的因素。溫度對(duì)于工業(yè)如此重要，由此推進(jìn)了溫度傳感器的發(fā)展。溫度傳感器的發(fā)展傳感器主要大體經(jīng)過了三個(gè)發(fā)展階段模擬集成溫度傳感器。該傳感器是采用硅半導(dǎo)體集成工藝制成，因此亦稱硅傳感器或單片集成溫度傳感器。此種傳感器具有功能單一僅測(cè)量溫度、測(cè)溫誤差小、價(jià)格低、響應(yīng)速度快、傳輸距離遠(yuǎn)、體積小、微功耗等，適合遠(yuǎn)距離測(cè)溫、控溫，不需要進(jìn)行非線性校準(zhǔn)，外圍電路簡(jiǎn)單。它是目前在國(guó)內(nèi)外應(yīng)用最為普遍的一種集成傳感器，典型產(chǎn)品有AD590、AD592、TMP17、LM135等；模擬集成溫度控制器。模擬集成溫度控制器主要包括溫控開關(guān)、可編程溫度控制器，典型產(chǎn)品有LM56、AD22105和MAX6509。某些增強(qiáng)型集成溫度控制器例如TC652/653中還包含了A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器以及固化好的程序，這與智能溫度傳感器有某些相似之處。但它自成系統(tǒng)，工作時(shí)并不受微處理器的控制，這是二者的主要區(qū)別；智能溫度傳感器。能溫度傳感器亦稱數(shù)字溫度傳感器是在20世紀(jì)90年代中期問世的。它是微電子技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和自動(dòng)測(cè)試技術(shù)ATE的結(jié)晶。智能溫度傳感器內(nèi)部都包含溫度傳感器、A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器、信號(hào)處理器、存儲(chǔ)器或寄存器和接口電路。有的產(chǎn)品還帶多路選擇器、中央控制器CPU、隨機(jī)存取存儲(chǔ)器RAM和只讀存儲(chǔ)器ROM。智能溫度傳感器的特點(diǎn)是能輸出溫度數(shù)據(jù)及相關(guān)的溫度控制量，適配各種微控制器MCU；并且它是在硬件的基礎(chǔ)上通過軟件來實(shí)現(xiàn)測(cè)試功能的，其智能化程度也取決于軟件的開發(fā)水平。溫度傳感器的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)后，溫度傳感器正朝著高精度、多功能、總線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、高可靠性及安全性、開發(fā)虛擬傳感器和網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳感器、研制單片測(cè)溫系統(tǒng)等高科技的方向迅速發(fā)展。傳感器在溫度測(cè)控系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用。目前市場(chǎng)主要存在單點(diǎn)和多點(diǎn)兩種溫度測(cè)量?jī)x表。對(duì)于單點(diǎn)溫測(cè)儀表，主要采用傳統(tǒng)的模擬集成溫度傳感器，其中又以熱電阻、熱電偶等傳感器的測(cè)量精度高，測(cè)量范圍大，而得到了普遍的應(yīng)用。此種產(chǎn)品測(cè)溫范圍大都在200800之間，分辨率12位，最小分辨溫度在0001001之間。自帶LED顯示模塊，顯示4位到16位不等。有的儀表還具有存儲(chǔ)功能，可存儲(chǔ)幾百到幾千組數(shù)據(jù)。該類儀表可很好的滿足單個(gè)用戶單點(diǎn)測(cè)量的需要。多點(diǎn)溫度測(cè)量?jī)x表，相對(duì)與單點(diǎn)的測(cè)量精度有一定的差距，雖然實(shí)現(xiàn)了多路溫度的測(cè)控，但價(jià)格昂貴。針對(duì)目前市場(chǎng)的現(xiàn)狀，本課題提出了一種可滿足要求、可擴(kuò)展的并且性價(jià)比高的單片機(jī)多路測(cè)溫系統(tǒng)。通過溫度傳感器DS18B20采集，然后通過C51單片機(jī)處理并在數(shù)碼管上顯示，可以采集室內(nèi)或花房中四處不同位置的溫度，用四個(gè)數(shù)碼管來顯示。第一個(gè)數(shù)碼管顯示所采集的是哪一路，哪個(gè)通道。后三個(gè)數(shù)碼管顯示所采集通道的溫度值，精確到01度。AT89C51是一種帶4K字節(jié)FLASH存儲(chǔ)器（FPEROMFLASHPROGRAMMABLEANDERASABLEREADONLYMEMORY）的低電壓、高性能CMOS8位微處理器，俗稱單片機(jī)。AT89C2051是一種帶2K字節(jié)閃存可編程可擦除只讀存儲(chǔ)器的單片機(jī)。單片機(jī)的可擦除只讀存儲(chǔ)器可以反復(fù)擦除1000次。該器件采用ATMEL高密度非易失存儲(chǔ)器制造技術(shù)制造，與工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的MCS51指令集和輸出管腳相兼容。由于將多功能8位CPU和閃爍存儲(chǔ)器組合在單個(gè)芯片中，ATMEL的AT89C51是一種高效微控制器，AT89C2051是它的一種精簡(jiǎn)版本。AT89C51單片機(jī)為很多嵌入式控制系統(tǒng)提供了一種靈活性高且價(jià)廉的方案。外形及引腳排列如圖“圖12”所示圖12AT89C51引腳圖主要特性與MCS51兼容4K字節(jié)可編程FLASH存儲(chǔ)器壽命1000寫/擦循環(huán)數(shù)據(jù)保留時(shí)間10年全靜態(tài)工作0HZ24MHZ三級(jí)程序存儲(chǔ)器鎖定1288位內(nèi)部RAM32可編程I/O線兩個(gè)16位定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器5個(gè)中斷源可編程串行通道低功耗的閑置和掉電模式片內(nèi)振蕩器和時(shí)鐘電路管腳說明VCC供電電壓。GND接地。P0口P0口為一個(gè)8位漏級(jí)開路雙向I/O口，每腳可吸收8TTL門電流。當(dāng)P0口的管腳第一次寫1時(shí)，被定義為高阻輸入。P0能夠用于外部程序數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器，它可以被定義為數(shù)據(jù)/地址的第八位。在FIASH編程時(shí)，P0口作為原碼輸入口，當(dāng)FIASH進(jìn)行校驗(yàn)時(shí)，P0輸出原碼，此時(shí)P0外部必須被拉高。P1口P1口是一個(gè)內(nèi)部提供上拉電阻的8位雙向I/O口，P1口緩沖器能接收輸出4TTL門電流。P1口管腳寫入1后，被內(nèi)