中英文翻譯--起重機(jī)的工作需要更多的科學(xué)技術(shù).doc

CraneWorkNeedsMoreT馬棚網(wǎng)CraneWorkNeedsMoreTechniqueAbstractCraneworkneedsmoretechnology.Constructionoftowercranesarethemainverticaltransportationequipmentandalsoameasureofconstructioncompaniesandequipmentstrengthoftheimportantlogo,intodaysincreasinglycompetitiveconstructionmarket,tomeettheconstructionneedsofmanyconstructioncompanieshaveboughtthetowercrane.Withthetowercraneattheconstructionsiteofthewidelyusedbythetowercraneaccidentalsocausedmoreandmoretopeopleslivesandpropertybroughtaboutgreatlosses.Accordingtonationalstatistics,thedepartmentsconcerned,thetowercraneaccidentratereached2.77percent.ItssecurityproblemisstilltheurgencyoftheconstructionLoosetraining,testingandoversightrequirementsforthepeoplewhoworkaroundconstructioncraneshavefosteredafalsesenseofsecurityinourindustry.Therecentdeadlytower-cranecollapseatacongestedNewYorkCitybuildingsiteshouldbeawake-upcallforustoquestionandstepupourcurrentsafetypractices.Trainingandtestingiskingwhenitcomestosafety.Buttheconstructionindustryisputtingunqualifiedpersonnelintheseatsofconstructioncranes,evenwithtodaystesting.Inmanyplaces,noexperienceisnecessaryafterpassingastandardizedtest.Oneweekofstudywillgivesomepeopleenoughknowledgetopassacertificationexamination,andthentheycanjumpintothecabofacrane.Imaginethatacommercialairlinepilothadthesametrainingasacertifiedcraneoperator.Howwouldyoufeelthenexttimeyoudecidedtofly?InCalifornia,ittakesmorehoursoftrainingtowieldapairofscissorsinahairsalonthantooperatepotentiallydangerousliftingmachinery.Howdoesthismakesense?Riggersandsignalpersonsalsoneedstandardtrainingandtestingtoensuresafetyunderthehook.Employersusuallyallowanycrafttosignalacraneonajobsite,despitebestpracticesthatrequireonlyqualifiedpeopledoso.Howisitthenthatuncertifiedanduntrainedpeopleareallowedtosignalandrigunderthehookofalicensedorcertifiedoperator?Towercranesareparticularlyriskyasurbansitesbecomemorecongested,andtheriskofacatastrophiceventisveryhighduringclimbingoperations.Yetmosttower-craneclimbingcrewsaretrainedinanon-traditionalmanner,viasecondhandknowledgethathasbeenpasseddownovertime.Theproblemwiththistypeofhand-me-downknowledgeisthatitchangesovertheyears,leavingoutsmall-but-importantdetailsalongtheway.Thisosmosisofknowledgeleadscrewstodeveloptheirowntricksforclimbingcranes,oftenforsakingbasicsafetyinanattempttosavetimeandenergy.Inmanycases,therearenosafetydevicesoralarmstowarnofaseriousproblem.Climbingcrewsaresubjectedtopressuresthataffectsafety-criticaldecision-making.Itisnotuncommonforclimbstocontinuewithdamagedorleakinghydraulicsystems,out-of-adjustmentorjammedguiderollers,oftenworkinginthedarkandforextendedhours.ThisMacGyvermethodofclimbing,whereeveryjumpbecomesanewadventure,shouldnotbethenorm.Climbing-framedesignsvaryamongmanufacturers,buttheoperationalstepsaresimilarinprinciple.Theclimbingprocessisrelativelystraightforward,withamixtureofphysicalworkandtechnicalprocedure.Itisnotcomplex；itismoreaboutknowingthepropersequenceofwhatneedstobedoneandthenfollowingthesteps,onebyone,makingsureeachstephasbeensuccessfullycompletedbeforemovingontothenext.Itisessentialthateveryoneknowexactlywhatisgoingonandwhatthedangersareateverystage.Thatswhytheindustryneedsstandardizedtraining,testingandoversightforthiswork,includingapracticalassessmentofcompetence.Techniciansshouldhavemodel-specifictrainingdirectlyfromthemanufacturer,alongwithalevelofpracticalexperience.Inspectors,too,shouldberequiredtohavespecifictechnicaltraining.Theyshouldbeindependentfromallaspectsofinstallationandmaintenancetoallowforobjectivedecisions.Keypersonnelonerectioncrewsshouldhavestandardtrainingandtesting.Whentheseneedsaresatisfied,craneoperationsshouldbecarriedoutinstrictaccordancewiththemanufacturersinstructions,engineeringprincipalsandgovernmentallaws.Butindustrystakeholdersandlawmakersneedtostepuptheirlaxstandardstoprotectthepublic.NewYorkCityresidents,whohaveseentheirhomesturnedintodustanddebris,wouldbeshockedatthewaytheindustrydealswiththeseissues.起重機(jī)的工作需要更多的科學(xué)技術(shù)摘要塔式起重機(jī)是建筑施工垂直運(yùn)輸?shù)闹饕O(shè)備，也是衡量一個(gè)建筑施工企業(yè)裝備實(shí)力的重要標(biāo)識(shí)，在當(dāng)今競(jìng)爭(zhēng)日益激烈的建筑市場(chǎng)，為滿足施工需要，很多施工企業(yè)都購置了塔式起重機(jī)。隨著塔式起重機(jī)在施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的廣泛使用，由塔式起重機(jī)引發(fā)的傷亡事故也越來越多，給人民的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)帶來重大損失。據(jù)國內(nèi)有關(guān)部門統(tǒng)計(jì)資料表明，塔式起重機(jī)的事故率已達(dá)2.77%。其安全問題仍然是建筑施工中的憂患起重機(jī)的工作需要更多的科學(xué)技術(shù)松散的培訓(xùn)，測(cè)試和監(jiān)督的要求,周圍的建筑起重機(jī)給這些工作的人樹立了一種虛假的安全感，在我們的行業(yè)。最近塔式起重機(jī)倒塌在一個(gè)繁忙的紐約市建筑地盤應(yīng)敲響警鐘，提醒我們問題的存在，并加強(qiáng)我們目前安全的做法。當(dāng)談到安全問題時(shí)，訓(xùn)練和測(cè)試是關(guān)鍵。不過，建造業(yè)是把不合格人員放在建筑起重機(jī)的駕駛位上，甚至沒有通過今天的測(cè)試。在許多地方，沒有任何經(jīng)驗(yàn)必須合格的通過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的測(cè)試。一周的學(xué)習(xí)將給予一些人足夠的知識(shí)足以通過認(rèn)證考試，然后他們可以跳轉(zhuǎn)到的起重機(jī)的駕駛室。想象一下一個(gè)商業(yè)航空公司飛行員和一個(gè)認(rèn)證的起重機(jī)操作員有相同的訓(xùn)練。你會(huì)如何感覺，下一次你決定要坐飛機(jī)？在加利福尼亞州，掌握一對(duì)剪刀在頭發(fā)沙龍比操作有潛在危險(xiǎn)的起重機(jī)械需要更多的時(shí)間訓(xùn)練。如何，這是否合理？裝配工人和發(fā)信號(hào)的