中英文翻譯--開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)的前景.doc

開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)的前景一、開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)發(fā)展簡介開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)是80年代初隨著電力電子、微電腦和控制技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展而發(fā)展起來的一種新型調(diào)速驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、運(yùn)行可靠及效率高等突出特點(diǎn)，成為交流電機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)、直流電機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)和無刷直流電機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的強(qiáng)有力的競(jìng)爭者，引起各國學(xué)者和企業(yè)界的廣泛關(guān)注。跨國電機(jī)公司Emerson電氣公司還將開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)視為其下世紀(jì)調(diào)速驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的新的技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長點(diǎn)。目前開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)已廣泛或開始應(yīng)用于工業(yè)、航空業(yè)和家用電器等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。1970年，英國Leeds大學(xué)步進(jìn)電機(jī)研究小組首創(chuàng)一個(gè)開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)（SwitchedReluctanceMotor,SRM）雛形，這是關(guān)于開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)最早的研究。1972年，進(jìn)一步對(duì)帶半導(dǎo)體開關(guān)的小功率電動(dòng)機(jī)（10w1kw）進(jìn)行了研究。到了1975年有了實(shí)質(zhì)性的進(jìn)展，并一直發(fā)展到可以為50kw的電瓶汽車提供裝置。1980年在英國成立了開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置有限公司（SRDLtd.），專門進(jìn)行SRD系統(tǒng)的研究、開發(fā)和設(shè)計(jì)。1983年英國（SRDLtd.）首先推出了SRD系列產(chǎn)品，該產(chǎn)品命名為OULTON。1984年TASC驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)公司也推出了他們的產(chǎn)品。另外SRDLtd.研制了一種適用于有軌電車的驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，到1986年已運(yùn)行500km。該產(chǎn)品的出現(xiàn)，在電氣傳動(dòng)界引起不小的反響。在很多性能指標(biāo)上達(dá)到了出人意料的高水平，整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的綜合性能價(jià)格指標(biāo)達(dá)到或超過了工業(yè)中長期廣泛應(yīng)用的一些變速傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。從上世紀(jì)90年代國際會(huì)議的上有關(guān)SRD系統(tǒng)的文章來看，對(duì)SRD系統(tǒng)的研究工作已經(jīng)從論證它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)、開發(fā)應(yīng)用階段進(jìn)入到設(shè)計(jì)理論、優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)研究階段。對(duì)SR電機(jī)、控制器、功率變換器等的運(yùn)行理論、優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)、結(jié)構(gòu)形式等方面進(jìn)行了更加深入的研究。二、原理簡介及優(yōu)越性簡介開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)（SRD）是較為復(fù)雜的機(jī)電一體化裝置，SRD的運(yùn)行需要在線實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè)的反饋量一般有轉(zhuǎn)子位置、速度及電流等，然后根據(jù)控制目標(biāo)綜合這些信息給出控制指令，實(shí)現(xiàn)運(yùn)行控制及保護(hù)等功能。轉(zhuǎn)子位置檢測(cè)環(huán)節(jié)是SRD的重要組成部分，檢測(cè)到的轉(zhuǎn)子位置信號(hào)是各相主開關(guān)器件正確進(jìn)行邏輯切換的根據(jù)，也為速度控制環(huán)節(jié)提供了速度反饋信號(hào)。開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)具有再生的能力，系統(tǒng)效率高。對(duì)開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)的理論研究和實(shí)踐證明，該系統(tǒng)具有許多顯著的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：（1）電機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、堅(jiān)固，制造工藝簡單，成本低，可工作于極高轉(zhuǎn)速；定子線圈嵌放容易，端部短而牢固，工作可靠，能適用于各種惡劣、高溫甚至強(qiáng)振動(dòng)環(huán)境。（2）損耗主要產(chǎn)生在定子，電機(jī)易于冷卻；轉(zhuǎn)子無永磁體，可允許有較高的溫升。（3）轉(zhuǎn)矩方向與電流方向無關(guān)，從而可最大限度簡化功率變換器，降低系統(tǒng)成本。（4）功率變換器不會(huì)出現(xiàn)直通故障，可靠性高。（5）起動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩大，低速性能好，無感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)在起動(dòng)時(shí)所出現(xiàn)的沖擊電流現(xiàn)象。（6）調(diào)速范圍寬，控制靈活，易于實(shí)現(xiàn)各種特殊要求的轉(zhuǎn)矩速度特性。（7）在寬廣的轉(zhuǎn)速和功率范圍內(nèi)都具有高效率（8）能四象限運(yùn)行，具有較強(qiáng)的再生制動(dòng)能力。（9）容錯(cuò)能力強(qiáng)。開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)的容錯(cuò)體現(xiàn)在電機(jī)某一相損壞，電機(jī)照樣可以運(yùn)行。與當(dāng)前廣泛應(yīng)用的變頻調(diào)速感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)相比，開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)在成本、效率、調(diào)速性能、單位體積功率、可靠性、散熱性等都具有明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)或競(jìng)爭力。如果說第一代開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)（1983年研制）在小功率范圍的效率比高效變頻調(diào)速感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)低，第二代開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)（1988年研制）的效率已全面超過了高效變頻調(diào)速感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)。更難得的是，開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)在寬廣的速度和功率范圍內(nèi)都能保持較高的效率，這是變頻調(diào)速感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)難以比擬的。感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)要取得與直流電機(jī)相近的調(diào)速特性需采用復(fù)雜的矢量控制系統(tǒng)，而開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)通過調(diào)整開通角、關(guān)斷角、電壓和電流，可以得到不同負(fù)載要求的機(jī)械特性，控制簡單、靈活，能容易地實(shí)現(xiàn)軟啟動(dòng)和四象限運(yùn)行，而且由于這是一種純邏輯的控制方式，很容易智能化，通過修改軟件調(diào)整電機(jī)工作特性滿足不同應(yīng)用要求。由于開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)固有的轉(zhuǎn)矩波動(dòng)，可能導(dǎo)致較大的噪聲和振動(dòng)，事實(shí)上這種情況的發(fā)生往往與電機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)和控制的不合理相關(guān)，通過優(yōu)化電機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)和控制策略，轉(zhuǎn)矩波動(dòng)和噪聲完全可以得到有效的抑制，正確認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)對(duì)開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)的開發(fā)和應(yīng)用是很重要的。SRDLtd.公司開發(fā)的伺服應(yīng)用開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)，轉(zhuǎn)矩波動(dòng)僅為0.05%。近年研究的最優(yōu)勵(lì)磁控制策略、兩次換流控制策略、電機(jī)噪聲根源、定子振動(dòng)模態(tài)、定子固有頻率計(jì)算等成果對(duì)降低電機(jī)噪聲都有積極的促進(jìn)作用。隨著設(shè)計(jì)和制造水平的提高，噪聲必將進(jìn)一步降低。TheprospectofSwitchedReluctanceMotorFirst,thedevelopmentofSwitchedReluctanceMotorIntroductionSwitchedReluctanceMotoristheearly80swiththepowerelectronics,micro-computercontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentanddevelopedanewtypeofspeedcontroldrivesystem,withasimplestructure,reliableandefficientoperationoftheprominentcharacteristicsofhigherhasbecomeACmotorspeedcontrolsystem,DCmotorspeedcontrolsystemandthebrushlessDCmotorspeedcontrolsystemofstrongcompetitors,scholarsandbusinesscausedbytheextensiveattention.TransnationalEmersonElectricCo.,Ltd.ElectricCompanywillberegardedasoneoftheswitchedreluctancemotorspeeddrivesystemthenextcentury,newtechnologies,economicgrowth.Switchedreluctancemotorcurrentorthebeginninghasbeenwidelyappliedinindustry,aviationindustryandhouseholdappliancesandotherfields.In1970,theUnitedKingdomUniversityofLeedsresearchteamfirststeppermotorofaswitchedreluctancemotor(SwitchedReluctanceMotor,SRM)prototype,whichisswitchedreluctancemotoronthefirststudy.In1972,furthersemiconductorswitcheswithlow-powermotor(10w1kw)werestudied.By1975,substantialprogresshasbeenandhasbeenthedevelopmentofthebatteryforcars50kwdevice.IntheUnitedKingdomin1980setupaSwitchedReluctanceMotorDriveCo.,Ltd.(SRDLtd.),DevotedtotheSRDsystemresearch,developmentanddesign.In1983theUnitedKingdom(SRDLtd.)FirstintroducedtheSRDSeriesproducts,theproductnamedOULTON.TASC-drivensystemin1984alsolaunchedtheirproducts.InadditionSRDLtd.Developedatramdriverforthesystemtorunin1986has500km.Theemergenceofelectricdriveinthesectorcausedthereaction.Inmanyperformanceindicatorsreachedanunexpectedhighlevelofperformancethroughoutthesystemmeetorexceedthepriceindicesofindustriallong-termanumberofwidelyusedvariable-speeddrivesystem.90sfromthelastcenturyoftheInternationalConferenceontheSRDsystem,lookatthearticleontheSRDsystemhasitsadvantagesfromthedemonstration,developmentandapplicationoftheorytothedesignstage,optimizingthedesignofaresearchstage.OntheSRmotor,controller,powerconverter,suchastheoryofoperation,andoptimizethedesign,structureandotheraspectsoftheformofmorein-depthresearch.Second,theprincipleofthesuperiorityofabriefingandbriefingSwitchedreluctancemotordrivesystem(SRD)isamorecomplexintegrationofmechanicalandelectricaldevices,SRDoperationalneedsofonlinereal-timefeedbackonthevolumeofageneralrotorposition,speedandcurrent,etc.,andthenunderthecontrolobjectivesaregivencontroloftheinformationintegratedcommand,toachieveoperationalcontrolandprotectionfunctions.RotorpositiondetectionistheSRDanimportantcomponentoftherotorpositiondetectedsignalistherightofthemainswitchingdevicetoswitchtothelogicofthebasisforspeedcontrolprovidesalinkspeedfeedbacksignal.SwitchedReluctanceMotorhasaregenerationcapacity,systemsandhighefficiency.SwitchedReluctanceMotorforthetheoreticalstudyandpracticehasprovedthatthesystemhasmanysignificantadvantages:(1)motorstructureissimple,robust,simplemanufacturingprocess,lowcost,canworkinahighspeed；releaseeasilyembeddedstatorcoils,theendsofshortandstrong,reliable,abletoapplytoavarietyofharsh,hightemperatureorstrongvibrationenvironment.(2)arisingprimarilyfromthelossinthestator,motorcoolingiseasy；freepermanentmagnetrotorcanbeallowedtohaveahighertemperaturerise.(3)thedirectionoftorquehasnothingtodowiththecurrentdirection,whichcanbesimplifiedtomaximizepowerconverter,reducingsystemcost.(4)powerconverterdoesnotarisethroughfailure,andhighreliability.(5)startingtorque,andlow-speedperformance,non-inductionmotorinthestart-uparisingfromtheimpactofcurrentphenomena.(6)widerangespeedcontrol,controlflexibility,easytoimplementthespecialrequirementsofavarietyoftorque-speedcharacteristics.(7)Inabroadrangeofspeedandpowerefficiencyare(8)Tofour-quadrantoperation,hasastrongcapacityofregenerativebraking.(9)Fault-tolerantcapability.Fault-tolerantswitchedreluctancemotorinthemotorwithadamagedmotorcanrunthesame.Withthecurrentextensiveuseofvariablefrequencyinductionmotorspeedcomparedtoswitchedreluctancemotorintermsofcost,efficiency,speedperformance,powerperunitvolume,reliability,heatdissipationandsohastheobviousadvantageorcompetitiveedge.Ifthefirstgenerationofswitchedreluctancemotor(developedin1983)inthescopeoftheefficiencyoflow-powerefficientthanthelow-frequencyinductionmotorspeedcontrol,second-generationswitchedreluctancemotor(developedin1988)theefficiencyhasbeenmorethanahigh-performanceVVVFinductionmotor.Whatisevenmoreencouragingisthatofswitchedreluctancemotorinabroadrangeofspeedandpowertomaintainhighefficiency,thisisthevariablefrequencyinductionmotorspeedcannotmatch.InductionmotorandDCmotortogetclosetothespeedcharacteristicsofthevectortobecomplexcontrolsystems,andswitchedreluctancemotorsbyadjustingtheopeningangle,turn-offangle,voltageandcurrent,youcanloadtherequirementsofdifferentmechanicalproperties,controlissimple,flexibleandcanbeeasiertoachievesoft-startandfourquadrantoperation,andbecauseitisapurelogicofcontrol,itiseasytointelligent,bymodifyingthesoftwaretoadjustpropertiesoftheelectricalworktomeettherequirementsofdifferentapplications.Switchedreluctancemotora