英語中考短文填空解題技巧

中考短文填空解題技巧I首字母填空題解題技巧字母填空題主要考察學生正確理解和書寫英語單詞。解答這種題需要平時扎實地打好基礎，單詞拼寫要過關，善于分析句子結構，熟練各種詞形首的變化，動詞時態(tài)形式的變化，非謂語動詞的運用等，另外，掌握必要的閱讀技巧，也很重要。一 跳過空格，通讀短文，了解大意根據首字母填空的題型，實際上相當于完形填空，必須先快速通讀全文，盡量理解文章的主要內容，再仔細揣摩需要填詞的句子，只有完全理解全句的意思，才能準確填寫單詞。 二. 復讀短文，確定語義，判斷詞形。1 利用上下文的語境，結合所學過的知識，先確定空格處所需詞語的意義.2再根據空格在句子中的位置，判斷其在句中充當的成分，從而確定所填詞的詞性，再依據詞語搭配和語法規(guī)則，判斷所填的詞的正確形式。例如，單，復數、形容詞，副詞的級別、時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣及非謂語動詞的形式等，要特別注意時態(tài)的呼應及主謂一致。三.通讀短文，檢查答案。II、動詞填空題解題技巧動詞填空主要用來測試考生對動詞和非謂語動詞形式、語態(tài)及主謂一致等知識的掌握情況。因此，掌握好動詞的各種形式及其用法是做此類題的關鍵。我們可以從以下幾方面著手： 一、確定正確的時態(tài) 1根據句中的時間狀語來確定時態(tài)。例如，現在完成時的時間狀語：already, yet, ever, never, just, before, for, since+時間點；since+過去時態(tài)的句子, so far, by now, in/during the last/past few years etc 2注意時態(tài)呼應。 在主從復合句中，主句謂語與從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)是相互照應的。 1）在賓語從句中，如果主句是一般現在時，從句根據需要選用任何時態(tài)；如果主句是一般過去時，從句要用過去的某種時態(tài)；如果從句表達的是一個客觀事實不管主句是何種時態(tài)，從句仍用一般現在時。2）在狀語從句中，如果主句是一般將來時，或是祈使句，或是含情態(tài)動詞的句子，時間和條件狀語從句中要用一般現在時表示將來發(fā)生的動作。3根據上下文確定時態(tài)。 有時句子沒有明顯的時間狀語，也不能用時態(tài)呼應規(guī)則來對照，這時就可以根據上下文內容來判斷時間關系，確定時態(tài)。如： 如： “Youve certainly touched my heart with your choices. And Im sure the Five Friendlies_(touch) the heart of the world.”句意是“你以你的選擇已經震撼了我的心，我相信這五個福娃將會給世人帶來震撼?！焙缶涫枪P者對美好事物的祝愿，所以應用一般將來時。 二、確定正確的語態(tài) 我們在考慮時態(tài)的同時，也要考慮語態(tài)。當句子的主語是謂語動詞動作的承受者時，用被動語態(tài)；反之用主動語態(tài)。如： “They _(choose) carefully by Beijing 2008 to represent.注意：不及物動詞或相當于不及物動詞的短語動詞（如listen，sleep，take place, happen，get up，grow up，break out，come in等）沒有被動語態(tài)。如Great changes have taken place in the last few years.The war broke out many years ago 但是，當“不及物動詞介（副）詞”構成的短語動詞其作用相當于及物動詞時，則有被動語態(tài)。 The children are looked after well 三、確定非謂語動詞的形式 如果所給的動詞在句子中不作謂語，就應該考慮用動詞的非謂語動詞形式。 1 want，hope，wish，decide，would like，agree, learn, plan, choose, manage, offer to do2在enjoy，finish，mind，be busy，be worth，feel like，whathow about，cant help，practice，have funproblems ,miss, give up, suggest, look forward to, succeed in, pay attention to, keep, be worth, allow -ing 3tell, ask, order, encourage, advise, teach, want, wish, allow sb to do4.remember, forget, stop, try, mean, love, like, need, go on, continue, be used to do/doing5.感官動詞和使役動詞 feel sb do/doinglisten to, hear sb do/doingmake, let, have sb do (have sth done)look at, watch, see, notice sb do/doing 在被動語態(tài)中用to do 七、首字母填空：先通讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后根據短文內容和所給首字母，在空格內填入一個適當的詞，使短文意思完整，所填單詞在題后橫線上必須完整寫出。(本大題共6分，每小題0.5分)A survey has been published which shows that British people dont like their neighbours very much. 80% of the people who took part in the survey feel that their neighbours h 1 pay attention to others feelings. 25% dont talk to the people who live next door and 10% dont even know their n 2 . In fact, one million people in Britain would like to m 3 because they dont get along w 4 with their neighbours.According to the survey, the b 5 problem is noise. Many of the c 6 about noise came from people who live in flats and old houses. These places often have thin walls which cant s 7 the noise from next door.The other main problems are disagreements about car parking space, and old people complaining about the y 8 . Some disagreements last a long time. In one case, people w 9 live in the same building havent talked to each other for fifteen years. Sometimes the disagreements end in violence ( 暴力 ). In one of the worst cases, a man killed a neighbour because he kept p 10 in “his space”.Another survey shows that 90% of the neighbours never s 11 a meal. 80% have never had a drink together and 20% have never even spoken. However, when neighbours become each others friends, they are ofte