小學(xué)動(dòng)詞分類和時(shí)態(tài)

精銳教育學(xué)科教師輔導(dǎo)講義學(xué)員編號(hào)： 年 級(jí)：小六 課 時(shí) 數(shù)：3學(xué)員姓名：王星宇 輔導(dǎo)科目：英語 學(xué)科教師：彭燕授課類型C（動(dòng)詞分類和時(shí)態(tài)）教學(xué)內(nèi)容一、專題精講 （一）動(dòng)詞的分類： 動(dòng)詞是指用來形容或表示各類動(dòng)詞的詞匯?？梢苑譃閷?shí)義動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞以及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞； （1）實(shí)義動(dòng)詞： 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞是表示具有實(shí)際意義，表示一種實(shí)際的行為或動(dòng)作（也稱為行為動(dòng)詞），如wait, live, look, read, buy, play等詞。 例：我在等公交車。 I am waiting for the bus. 我經(jīng)常讀英語書。 I often read English books. 練一練： 他每天去公園。 Key: He goes to the park everyday. 我和喜歡游泳。 Key: I like swimming very much. 我昨天去了電影院。 Key: I went to the cinema yesterday. (2) 系動(dòng)詞： 系動(dòng)詞通常與名詞或形容詞一起構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)或特征。包括：be, become, 感官動(dòng)詞 sound, taste, look, smell （聞起來）等。 例：我是一名學(xué)生。 I am a student. 這道菜嘗起來很美味。 The dish tastes good. 她看起來很漂亮。 She looks beautiful. 我成為了一名中學(xué)生。 I become a middle school student. 練一練： 他看起來很開心。 Key: He looks very happy. 我媽媽是一名醫(yī)生。 Key: My mother is a doctor. 這朵花聞起來很香。 Key: The flower smells good. (3) 助動(dòng)詞（ am, is, are, was, were, do, does, did ） a）Be+ 現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí) 例：他們正在踢足球。 They are playing football. 媽媽正在做晚飯。 Mom is cooking for dinner.do, does用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，其過去式did用于一般過去時(shí)。它們通常用在疑問句和否定句中。它們的否定形式：do not = dont, does not = doesnt, did not = didnt。 注意：在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，does用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其余一律用助動(dòng)詞do；助動(dòng)詞do, does, did后面一定要用動(dòng)詞原形。 例：你昨天去學(xué)校了嗎？ Did you go to school yesterday? 那個(gè)女孩不喜歡早餐吃面包。 The girl doesnt like bread for breakfast.練一練：用適當(dāng)?shù)闹鷦?dòng)詞填空。 1) you like this magazine? 2) The girl doing homework. 3) -What she at the weekends? -She usually plays games with her friends. 4) -What you do last Sunday? -I wrote to my friend. 5) -Did you see a Beijing opera? -No, I . Keys: Do, is, does, do, did, didnt (4) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也是一類特殊的動(dòng)詞，平時(shí)我們不把它說成是動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以和行為動(dòng)詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)句子中。我們現(xiàn)在學(xué)過的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can（能）、must（必須）、should（應(yīng)該）、may（可能）、might（可能）;注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后動(dòng)詞總是用原形。（不受其他任何條件影響）其否定形式：can not = cant (不可能是), must not = mustnt (禁止), 注意：may not（無縮寫形式） A）can 表示能夠干某事。 他能修電腦。 He can repair computers. can 表示允許干某事。 你現(xiàn)在可以回家了。 You can go home now. can 表示請(qǐng)求。 我能用你的鋼筆嗎？ Can I use your pen ? cant 表示否定推測(cè)。 那個(gè)不可能是湯姆，他現(xiàn)在在美國。 That cant be Tom. He is in America now. B）may 表示允許。 你可以用我的電腦。 You may use my computer. 我能在這抽煙嗎？ May I smoke in this room? Might 除了是may 的過去式，還表示說話者委婉的語氣。 我可以在這里抽煙嗎？Might I smoke here? C）must, should表示由于主觀原因而必須干某事，他們只有一種時(shí)態(tài)。 你必須回家。 You must go home. 你應(yīng)該去學(xué)習(xí)。 You should go to school.練一練：你能看到黑板上的單詞嗎？ Keys: Can you see the words on the blackboard ?我能問你一個(gè)問題嗎？ Keys: May I ask you a question ? 我必須要走了，不然我要遲到了。Keys: I must go now, or I will be late. （二）動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)： 我們現(xiàn)階段所學(xué)的時(shí)態(tài)可以分為：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；一般過去時(shí)；一般將來時(shí)。 （1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。與often,usually,sometimes,always,every. 等連用。注意，當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的時(shí)候，謂語動(dòng)詞需要使用三單形式。例：他經(jīng)常和朋友一起打籃球。 He often plays basketball with friends. 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 The Earth goes around the Sun. 我們都很喜歡玩電腦游戲。 We all like playing computer games very much.肯定句否定句一般疑問句及回答They watch TV at six everyday.They dont watch TV at six everyday.-Do they watch TV at six everyday. -Yes, they do. / No, they dont.She watches TV at six everyday.She doesnt watch TV at six everyday.-Does she watch TV at six everyday.-Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. A. 句型變化： B. 動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則： 1) 一般直接加“s”，如：play plays, visit visits, speak speaks;2) 以“s”，“x”，“sh”，“ch”結(jié)尾時(shí)，加“es”，如：catch catches, watch watches;3) 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾時(shí)，變“y”為“i”再加“es”，如：carry carries, study studies. 練一練1： 他經(jīng)常和媽媽一起去游泳。 Keys: He often goes shopping with his mother. 他們總是忘記做作業(yè)。 Keys: They always forget to do homework. 我不喜歡和別人聊天。 Keys: I dont like talking with others. 練一練2 改寫下列句子： She goes to school with her best friends.（改為否定句） They often play computer games after school.（改為一般疑問句） He doesnt watch TV very often. （改為肯定句） Keys: She doesnt go to school with her best friends. Do they often play computer games after school ? He watches TV very often. （2）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，常與now、look! Listen! 等詞連用。構(gòu)成形式：主語+be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的ing形式+其他。注意：千萬不要忘了一定得有be動(dòng)詞。例：看，那兒有好多人在跳舞。 Look ! There are so many people dancing there. 全部學(xué)生都在認(rèn)真的做作業(yè)。 All the students are doing homework carefully. A. 句型變化：肯定句否定句一般疑問句及回答They are watching TV.They arent watching TV.-Are they watching TV？ -Yes, they are. / No, they arent.She is watching TV.She isnt watching TV.-Is she watching TV？-Yes, she is. / No, she isnt. B. 現(xiàn)在分詞（動(dòng)名詞）構(gòu)成規(guī)則： 1) 一般直接加“ing”，如：go going, do doing, look looking ; 2) 以不發(fā)音的“e”結(jié)尾的單詞，去“e” 加“ing”，如：take taking, make making, have having ； 3) 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，如末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，需要雙寫這個(gè)字母再加“ing”，如：put putting, stop stopping, run running, get getting, swim swimming, sit sitting, begin beginning, jog jogging, forget forgetting 。 練一練1： 他沒有時(shí)間，因?yàn)樗F(xiàn)在正在釣魚。 Keys: He has no time, because he is fishing now.聽！她正在彈鋼琴。 Keys: Listen! She is playing the piano. 練一練2 用括號(hào)中的詞的適當(dāng)形式填空： They _ (swim) in the pool now. Dont talk to me ! I _ (study) now. Look ! He _ (play) with the new student. Keys: are swimming; am studying; is playing （3）一般過去時(shí)： 一般過去時(shí)表示過去時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與just now，a moment ago，yesterday，last week，three days ago連用，構(gòu)成形式：主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式+其他。注意：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞與不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式變形。 例：他昨天去美國了。 He went to America yesterday. 我上個(gè)星期生病了。 I was ill last week. A.句型變化:肯定句否定句一般疑問句及回答I was a teacher five years ago.I wasnt a teacher five years ago.-Were you a teacher five years ago?-Yes, I was. / No, I wasnt.They played many games yesterday.They didnt play many games yesterday.Did they play many games yesterday?Yes, they did. / No, they didnt. B. 過去式構(gòu)成規(guī)則：1) 一般直接加“ed”，如：plant planted, visit visited, pick picked;2) 以不發(fā)音字母“e”結(jié)尾，直接加“d”，如：like liked, hope hoped, taste tasted;3) 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾時(shí)，變“y”為“i”再加“ed”，如：try tried, carry carried, study studied;4) 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，如末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，需要雙寫這個(gè)字母再加“ed”，如：stop stopped; jog- jogged5) 還有很多動(dòng)詞的過去式是不規(guī)則的，請(qǐng)記憶：是-am;is -was; 是-are-were; 成為-become-became-becoming；開始-begin-began; 吹-blow-blew; 買-buy-bought; 能-can-could; 捕捉-catch-caught; 來-come-came; 切-cut-cut-cutting；做-do, does-did; 畫-draw-drew; 飲-drink-drank; 吃-eat-ate; 感覺-feel-felt; 發(fā)現(xiàn)-find-found; 飛-fly-flew; 忘記-forget-forgot; 得到-get-got-; 給-give-gave; 走-go-went; 成長-grow-grew; 有-have, has-had; 聽-hear-heard; 受傷-hurt-hurt; 保持-keep-kept; 知道-know-knew; 學(xué)習(xí)-learn-learned, learnt; 允許，讓-let-let; ;制造-make-made; 可以-may-might; ; 會(huì)見 -meet-met; 必須-must-must-；放置-put-put-; 讀-read-read; 騎、乘-ride-rode; 跑-run-ran; 說-say-said; 看見-see-saw; 唱歌-sing-sang; 坐下-sit-sat; 睡覺-sleep-slept; 說-speak-spoke; 度過-spend-spent 練一練1：寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式 am _ do _ play _ fly _ kick _ make _ dance _ eat _ plant _ worry _ put _ 練一練2：翻譯下列句子 我昨天晚上做完了作業(yè)。 上個(gè)月他和朋友去博物館參觀了。 昨天媽媽買了很多食物。 Keys: was; did; played; flew; kick; made; danced; ate; plant; worried; put I finished my homework last night. He visited the museum last month. Mom bought much food yesterday. (4) 一般將來時(shí)：一般將來時(shí)表示動(dòng)作還未發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生。常與tomorrow、soon、next week，this weekend等表示將來的詞連用。構(gòu)成形式：主語+be going to/will+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。例句：我必須回家，因?yàn)轳R上要下雨了。 I must go home now, because it is going to rain. 三年后我會(huì)成為一名老師。 I will be a teacher after three years.A.句型變換：肯定句否定句一般疑問句及回答They are going to watching TV.They arent not going to watching TV.-Are they going to watch TV？ -Yes, they are. / No, they arent.She will watch TV.She will not watching TV.-Will she watch TV？-Yes, she will. / No, she will not (wont).I will go to Beijing.I will not go to Beijing.- Will you go to Beijing ?- Yes, I will./ No, I will not (wont). 練一練：填空 我打算下星期和朋友去野餐。 I _ _ _ have a picnic with my friends next week. 明天你打算去干嘛？ What _ you do tomorrow ? 他即將要去英國了嗎？ _ he _ _ England ? Keys: am going to; will; Is; going to 2、 專題過關(guān) (一)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1) He often _ ( have ) dinner at home. 2) My brother ( go ) to Shanghai next week. 3) Daniel and Tom ( be ) in Class One. 4) Listen. Some girls ( sing ) in the classroom. 5) She likes newspapers, but she a book yesterday. ( read ) 6）What ( do ) you do last Sunday? 7) they ( sweep ) the floor on Sunday? No, they . 8) your parents ( read ) newspapers every day? 9）Tom often ( go ) to school on foot. 10) The boy ( draw ) a picture now. (二）選擇正確答案 ( ) 1. We are going to _ to the park tomorrow. A. go B. goes C. going ( ) 2. What film are you going to _ ? A. see B. watch C. look ( ) 3. We _ a play tomorrow. Will you please join us? A. are going to see B. saw C. sees ( ) 4. Every one _ to their teacher in the classroom. A. are listening B. is listening C. listen ( ) 5. They are singing and _ together at the party now. A. dance B. danced C. dancing ( ) 6. Fangfang is a good student. She _maths. A. does good at B. well do it C. is good at ( ) 7. The kite _ a bird. A. look like B. is looking C. looks like ( ) 8. Bill and I _ good friends. A. is B. are C. am ( ) 9. _Alice often play the piano. No, she _. A. Do; do B. Does; does C. Does; doesnt ( ) 10. _ your penfriend _ in Beijing? A. Do; live B. Do; lives C. Does; live ( ) 11. Tom and Mike _ very excited, they will take a trip. A. is B. are C. am ( ) 12. Kate _ playing chess. A. am B. is C. are ( ) 13. Are you washing clothes？ A. Yes, you are B. Yes, I am C. No, I am ( ) 14. Is he _ TV？Yes, he is. A. watch B. watching C. not ( ) 15. Listen! The birds _. A. is singing B. are sing C. are singing （三）判斷句子的正誤, 并改正。 1. Betty do morning exercises every day. 2. I plays on the beach. 3. The trees falls their leaves. 4. I like to wearing shirts and running. 5. Smiths is watering the flowers. 6. They usually have supper at seven oclock. 7. Theyre climbs a tree. 8. You mustnt play football here. 9. The rabbit wants some vegetables. 10. I sometimes watching TV on Sunday. 11. Hes writing a story. 12. Your mother is reads a magazine now. 13. Im ridding a bike. 14. The lions are walking. 15. Hes drawed picture. Keys: has; will/ is going to; are; are singing; reading; read; did; Did; sweep;didnt; Do; read; goes; is drawingABBABD CCBCC BBBBB1. Betty does morning exercises every day. 2. I play on the beach.3. The trees fall their leaves. 4. I like wearing shirts and running. 5. T 6. T 7. Theyre climbing a tree. 8. T 9. T 10. I sometimes watch TV on Sunday. 11. T 12. Your mother is reading a magazine now.13.T. 14. T. 15. Hes drawing picture. 三、學(xué)法提煉1、專題特點(diǎn)：本專題主要是讓學(xué)生對(duì)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)以及分類有一定的了解，在做題時(shí)能準(zhǔn)確判斷動(dòng)詞所需要的時(shí)態(tài)以及所使用動(dòng)詞的類別。2、解題方法：根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語來判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。依據(jù)動(dòng)詞的不同類型以及不同使用方法正確選出選項(xiàng)。3、注意事項(xiàng)：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式需要特別記憶，有些容易搞混淆。動(dòng)詞的三單形式學(xué)生比較容易忘記，所以也需要強(qiáng)調(diào)。 一、能力培養(yǎng)（一）、閱讀 The students were having their chemistry(化學(xué)）class. Miss Li was telling the students what water was like. After that, she asked her students, Whats water? No one spoke for a few minutes. Miss Li asked again, Why dont you answer my question? Didnt I tell you what water is like? Just then a student put up his hand and said,Miss Li,you told us that water has no color and no smell.However,where to find such kind of water?The water in the river behind my house is always black and it has a bad smell.Most of the students agreed with him. Im sorry,children.said the teacher,Our water is getting dirtier and dirtier.Thats a problem. Choose the best answer: 1.What were the students doing? ( )A.They were having an English class. B.They were having a Chinese class. C.They were having a chemistry class. D.They were having a math class. 2.Miss Li was telling the students( ) A.what water was like B.what air was like C.what earth was like D.what weather was like 3.What colors was the water in the river behind the students house? A.It was white B.It was black C.It was clean D.It was clear 4.Most of the children ( )the student. A.agreed with B.wrote to C.heard from D.sent for 5.Why did the water in the river have color? ( )A.Because it was getting more ande more B.Because it was getting less and less C.Because it was getting cleaner and cleaner D.Because it was getting dirtier and dirtier(二) 這是Sar