自然拼讀法教程

自然拼讀法（Phonics）教程編審：何思聰（Philip）英語(yǔ)共有26個(gè)字母。同一個(gè)字母或字母組合可以有不同的讀音，而不同的字母和字母組合又可以有相同的讀音。所以讀英語(yǔ)需要借助一套標(biāo)音法。國(guó)際音標(biāo)是傳統(tǒng)的標(biāo)音法。Phonics 是針對(duì)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)特點(diǎn)，適合學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音的注音系統(tǒng)。它的核心是建立字母(letter)與語(yǔ)音(sound)之間的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。不用借助音標(biāo)，看著字母就可以直接讀出該詞的發(fā)音，解決單詞不會(huì)讀，無(wú)法拼的問(wèn)題。學(xué)生在熟悉這套規(guī)則后，可以依照讀音，猜出該詞的拼寫(xiě)。做到看詞能讀，聽(tīng)音會(huì)寫(xiě)。學(xué)習(xí)phonics 之前，需要學(xué)會(huì)26個(gè)字母。知道每個(gè)字母所代表的發(fā)音。之后學(xué)習(xí) phonics 語(yǔ)音體系，熟悉58個(gè)字母和字母組合的基本發(fā)音。在此基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用多種教學(xué)手段讓學(xué)生們熟練運(yùn)用 phonics 。在掌握了phonics 后，學(xué)生的認(rèn)字能力會(huì)大大提高，能夠進(jìn)行自由閱讀。第一節(jié)：1）先來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)26個(gè)字母所代表的發(fā)音A a B b C c D d E e F f G g H h L l J j K k L l M m N n O o P p Q q R r S s T t U u V v W w X x Y y Z z2）認(rèn)識(shí)5個(gè)元音字母與21個(gè)輔音字母。五個(gè)元音字母(a, e, i, o, u), 每個(gè)發(fā)兩種音：長(zhǎng)音（其字母音）和短音 ，y不在單詞開(kāi)頭時(shí)，一般被看做元音字母發(fā)音字母組合發(fā)音單詞發(fā)音層層遞進(jìn)，簡(jiǎn)單易學(xué)第二節(jié)： 短元音 a e i o u 的發(fā)音規(guī)律如果一個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞或音節(jié)里只有一個(gè)元音, 且元音不在末尾，這個(gè)元音一般發(fā)短音.1）短元音：a : bag cat mat map apple bat hat fan hand Stan happy2）短元音：e e egg well red pen net hen bed bell best3）短元音：i i lick six bib pig pin kiss ink hill4）短元音：o pot ox top dog fox box lost top5）短元音：u sun umbrella cup bus nut gun uncle undery在末尾 (作為元音處理）： 1) 單音節(jié)詞, 沒(méi)有其他元音，y發(fā)aiy ai: my, why, fly spy sky shy cry my type dry2) 多音節(jié)詞, y發(fā)iy i puppy dirty rainy sunny happy baby dizzy ponyey i monkey turkey jockey donkey key hockey money如果一個(gè)單詞或音節(jié)里只有一個(gè)元音,而且元音在末尾，這個(gè)元音一般發(fā)長(zhǎng)音（其字母音）如：me, she,hi, go, baby, table, wee he me she weo go a baby table i hi 第三節(jié)：一個(gè)單詞或音節(jié)里有兩個(gè)元音時(shí)，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，前邊一個(gè)元音發(fā)長(zhǎng)音（其字母音），后邊一個(gè)元音不發(fā)音長(zhǎng)元音1：Magic E (神奇的E)a-e ，e-e，i-e, o-e，u-e 發(fā)音規(guī)律1)長(zhǎng)元音：ei: a-e space cake snake lake plane name whale grape cage（caf）2)長(zhǎng)元音：i: e-e these Japanese Chinese 3)長(zhǎng)元音：ai i-e bite five nine kite mine nice ride side 4)長(zhǎng)元音：u o-e rose nose rope note pose home rode those 5）長(zhǎng)元音：ju: u-e tube cube June cute huge 第四節(jié)：長(zhǎng)元音2：ai ay ee ea ie igh oa ow oe ui ue發(fā)音規(guī)律ai ei : paint pain tail rain nail maid jail railayei:ray say bay way hay lay may payeei: : bee peel reeds eel see teeth jeep feeteai: : peanut meat eagle sea leaf pea peach teaieai : tie pie lie dieighai：ight sight night tight light sigh fight highoa ou : coat toast road boat coal goat toad soapow ou :yellow pillow row rainbow bowl window hollow lowoeou: doe, hoe, toeui ju: : suit juice fruit ueju: : blue glue sue第五節(jié) 帶元音的特殊讀法 or ar ur ir er ear er發(fā)音規(guī)律 or:pork porch horse horn corn fork morningor:work worm worldara:arm card arm car cart park garden farmur:hurt turkey turtle surfing nurse purse furir:birthday circus dirty bird circle dirt girl er:mermaid term her nerd serve ear:learn earn earth heard er:sister brother marker rooster under mother winter第六節(jié) 帶元音的特殊讀法 單元音au aw oo ea all發(fā)音規(guī)律au:august sausage sauce naughty autumn applauseaw:saw paw draw strawberry straw lawnoou:moon zoo roof rooster spoon room boots foodoou:book cookie woods wool hook look foot cookeae:head sweater sweat leather feather lead all:：wall fall ball call tall第七節(jié)帶元音的特殊讀法 雙元音 ou ow oi oy ew 發(fā)音規(guī)律ou au mouth out house count shout mouse ow au:clown cow owl towel flower tower crown brownoi i:coin oil point noise poison coil boil soiloy i:oyster boy soy toyew ju:new nephew newspaper few dew view 第八節(jié) 帶元音的特殊讀法 雙元音 are air ire ear eer 發(fā)音規(guī)律are : care share scare dareair: hair air repairire ai: fire wireeari: near tear dear clear year heareeri : deer beer cheers engineer pioneer volunteer第九節(jié) 輔音字母組合構(gòu)成的一種單音1.ch sh wh ph th kn wr 發(fā)音規(guī)律ch :beach lunch cheese bench chair cherry church chickensh:sheep shirt ship fish shoes dish push whw:wheel white whale wheat wheel whisper whip whistleph f:elephant photo telephone th:brother feather leather father mother （舌頭放在上下牙之間，然后迅速收回，此音一般在單詞的中間，后接元音）th:thumb bathmat three thirsty mouth teeth thief bath 舌頭放在上下牙之間，不動(dòng)，讓其留從舌尖滑過(guò)，此音一般放在單詞的開(kāi)頭或最后，屬于氣音。knn:knit knob knee knife knockwrr:write wrist wrinkle wrap wreath2gh mb ck qu ge dge 發(fā)音規(guī)律ghg: ghostmbb: comb, lambck k:quick, black sick duck luck lock check backquku: quite, quick, quit, quiltge: page orange agedge: bridge vegetable judge3bl fl pl cl gl 發(fā)音規(guī)律bl: blue black blouse bloom bleach blanket blonde fl: flat flu fly flame flute floor flag flowerpl: plane play plus planet platform plum plate plantcl: clock cloud clean clay climb close clap clowngl: glove globe glass glue glasses4br cr gr pr fr 發(fā)音規(guī)律br: bright brook brim bride brown bread brick brothercr: crown crab cream crow crayon crocodile cry gr: gray green grass grapes ground grow grandmapr: prixe price prawn press prince princess prayfr: frog frost Friday French fries fruit front friend frame5st sc sk sp sm sn sl sw 發(fā)音規(guī)律st: student stop steel story star style stand steamsc: scare scab scar scold scan scoop scalesk: skate skip ski sky skin skill skeleton skimsp: spider speak spy spring spoon speed spray spinsm: smoke smile smell small smart smash smock smearsn: snow snail snap snake snacksl: slim sleep slap slop slick slow slam slavesw: switch swallow swan swim sweet swing sweater sweat6tr dr str ng ing發(fā)音規(guī)律tr; tree try train truck trustdr; dry drink dream draw dressstr: street strait strictng: song long lung young stronging: ring morning evening wing