就近就遠原則概念和練習

主謂：就近, 就遠原則一就遠原則 （謂語動詞與前面主語一致）代表詞匯：as well as; (together/along)with; Rather than; except; besides; but; including; in addition to; apart from例子：He rather than I is right. Nobody but two students is in the classroom.一、 當主語后面與with, as well as, but, except, like, rather than, no less than, besides, including等名詞或代詞連用時，謂語動詞與第一個主語保持一致。1. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.A. was B. were C. had been D. would be2. A library along with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift. A.is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered3. E-mail, as well as telephone, _ an important part in daily communication.A.is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play4. Nobody but Jane _the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D.is known5. All but one _ here just now. A.is B.was C.has been D.were二. 就近一致原則，謂語與靠近的名詞、代詞（有時不一定是主語）在“人稱、人數(shù)”上一致。一、在正式文體中：1.由下列詞語連接的并列主語：“there be+句型；or; either.or; nor; neither.nor; whether.or; not.but; not only.but also”等。(1) What he does or what he says does not concern me.他的行為或言談與我無關(guān)。(2) Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都沒錯。(3) Not you but your father is to blame.不是你，而是你的父親該受責備。(4)Not only you but (also) he is wrong.不僅你錯了，他也錯了。6. Either you or the headmaster _the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.A. was handing out B. are to hand outC. are handing out D. is to hand out7. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _tired of having one examination after another.A.is B. are C.am D.be2. 在倒裝句中，謂語可與后面第一個主語一致。(1) In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people. 在遠處，能聽見鼓掌和人們的呼喊聲。(2) There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk.桌上有一支鋼筆和幾本書。非正式文體中：有時依“就近”和“意義”一致的原則；但語法上，“no one”才是主語，謂語要改成“agrees”。“寫作中”一般要依“語法一致”原則?？偨Y(jié)：英語就近原則短語1. There be句型 There is a book and some pencils on the desk. =There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2. Neither.nor.Neither you nor he is right.= Neither he nor you are right.3. either.or.Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.=Either Jim or they are going to Shanghai next Saturday.4. not only.but also.Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.=Not only Anns parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.三、 當“the only one of+復數(shù)名詞+定語從句”，且關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，當“one of+復數(shù)名詞+定語從句”，且關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，定語從句的謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。8. He is the only one of the students who _a winner of scholarship for three years.A.is B. are C. have been D. has been9. She is one of the few girls who _in the kindergarten.A. is well paid B. are well paid C. is paying well D. are paying well四、 當news, means, maths, plastics, physics等在形式上是復數(shù)概念，而在意義上是單數(shù)概念的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。10. Every possible means _to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear.A.is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used五、當分數(shù)（百分數(shù)）+ of + 名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于of后面名詞的數(shù)。11. _of the land in that distrcit_covered with trees and glass.A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; areC. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are六、the number of.(.的數(shù)目)短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；當a number of.(許多.)短語作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。12. The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _absent for different reasons.A. were; was B. was; was C. was; was D. were; were七、當“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。13. When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A. is not decided B. are not decidedC. has not decided D. have not decided練習題:1、In our school library, there _a number of books on science and the number of them _become larger and larger.A、have; is B、is ；have C、are；is D、is；are2、Either you or Tom _a boss.A、is B、are C、have D、has3、There _any new words in Lesson Two, its too easy.A、is B、are C、arent D、isnt4、Tom，there _a dictionary and some books on your desk. Please put them away.-Ok, mom. I will do it right away.A、is B、are C、has D、isnt5、_Lucy _Lily is going with you, because one of them must stay at home.A、not only；but also B、neither；nor C、either；or D、both；and6 Neither my father nor my mother _rock music. They think that its too_.A、like; noise B、likes; noisy C、likes; noise D、like; noisy7. The head teacher with his students _ Nature Park if it _tomorrow.A、is going to；will rain B、are going to; doesnt rain C、is going to;