2020年中考英語復(fù)習(xí)之重點(diǎn)核心詞匯詳解專題4E字部

中考英語復(fù)習(xí)之重點(diǎn)核心詞匯詳解專題四 E字部1. edgen.邊緣關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：on the edge of在的邊緣 熟詞僻義：edge還可以用來表示“優(yōu)勢(shì)”，例如：competitive edge競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)；常用于have an edge over的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“略勝一籌，比更有優(yōu)勢(shì)”：You have an edge over your competitors.你們比競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手有優(yōu)勢(shì)。同義詞：advantage n.優(yōu)點(diǎn)，優(yōu)勢(shì)（2019，浙江卷，閱讀B）To avoid accidents, some trampolines have 8 safety net around them. Remember: whenever you are on a trampoline, be careful not to jump near the edge of it.2. educationn.教育，培養(yǎng) 關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：physical education=P.E.體育課，體育教育；higher education高等教育詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：educate v.教育，培養(yǎng)；educated adj.受過教育的，有教養(yǎng)的（2019，湖北卷，閱讀B）70. What would the writer probably talk about in the following paragraph?A. Advice on how to sleep well. B. Ways of changing kids education.C. The importance of sleeping well. D. Measures parents and schools should take3. effortn.努力，艱難的嘗試表示“作出努力”，通常用make an effort這樣的形式，其中an可換成another/one more，every等；如果中間不使用限定詞，則effort需用復(fù)數(shù)，即make efforts：You must make efforts to achieve your dream.你必須好好努力實(shí)現(xiàn)你的夢(mèng)想。表示做某事的努力，通常在effort后面接to do結(jié)構(gòu)：He made every effort to get it.他竭盡全力得到它。更多短語：spare no effort不遺余力；without effort毫不費(fèi)力（2019，北京卷，閱讀D）When there were no computers, efforts were required to get knowledge from other people, or go to the library4. electricadj.電的，帶電的，用電的electric和electrical的區(qū)別：electric指“電的，帶電的，用電的”，被修飾的物體本身可帶電，如electric guitar電吉他electrical指“與電有關(guān)的，電氣科學(xué)的”，被修飾的對(duì)象本身不帶電，如electrical engineer電氣工程師關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：electric car電車；electric power電功率，電源；electric system電力系統(tǒng)；electric energy電能 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：electricity n.電，電流（2019，山東卷，閱讀C）Wind makes windmills spin (旋轉(zhuǎn)). When the windmills spin, they make electricity. Then we can use the electricity.5. encouragev.鼓勵(lì)用法：encourage sb. to do sth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：courage n.勇氣；encouragement n.鼓勵(lì)；encouraging adj.鼓舞人心的 反義詞：discourage v.阻止，使氣餒（2019，北京卷，閱讀B）That encouraged Sally and she worked even harder.6. endn.末尾，終點(diǎn)，結(jié)束；v.結(jié)束，終止名詞詞組：in the end=at last=finally最后，終于；at the end of在盡頭；在結(jié)束時(shí)；from beginning to end自始至終；put an end to sth.結(jié)束（終止）某事；sth. comes to an end某事結(jié)束了動(dòng)詞詞組：end in sth.以為結(jié)尾；以為結(jié)果；end up with/doing sth.最終成為，最后處于；以告終反義詞：start，begin v.開始；beginning n.開始，起初（2019，浙江卷，閱讀C）But the peace ended the day the British mans pig decided to eat some of an American farmers potatoes.7. energyn.能量，能源；精力關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：new energy新能源；clean energy清潔能源；save energy節(jié)約能源；full of energy充滿活力用法：put (all) sbs energies into sth.表示“把某人的（全部）精力投入到某事中”；常和time并列使用：She put all her energies into her work.她把全部精力都投入到工作中去了。（2019，北京卷，完形）I dont regret putting time and energy into the election because Ive learned that things arent always going the way I expect.8. enjoyv.享受，喜歡 enjoy oneself=have a good time=have fun玩的開心，過的愉快；enjoy doing sth.=like doing sth.喜歡做某事，樂于做某事；注意enjoy后面不接動(dòng)詞不定式；通常enjoy為及物動(dòng)詞，后面要接賓語。例外是在口語中可以說“Enjoy!”，表示請(qǐng)對(duì)方好好享受（用）。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：enjoyment n.享受，樂趣；enjoyable adj.令人愉快的（2019，浙江卷，單項(xiàng)填空）2.- Sir, did you enjoy your stay in our_?- Yes, I slept well and I like the breakfast.A. hotelB. schoolC. factoryD. company9. enoughadj.足夠的，充分的；adv.足夠地，充分地作形容詞：可作為限定詞修飾名詞，要么修飾不可數(shù)名詞，要么修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；常用句式有：enough+名詞+for或者enough+名詞+(for sb.) to do sth.：There is enough food for all people.有足夠多的食物給所有人吃。I have enough time to finish the job.我有充足的時(shí)間來完成這項(xiàng)工作。作副詞：enough要放在被修飾的形容詞/副詞之后；常用句式有：形容詞/副詞+enough+(for sb.) to do sth.：This article is not easy enough for you to understand.這篇文章對(duì)你們來說太難理解了。（2019，山東卷，詞性轉(zhuǎn)換）62. The little boy said, I am old enough to take good care of _.(my)10. enterv.進(jìn)入；輸入，登記用法：enter后面可接賓語，也可不接；通常不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；還可用在與計(jì)算機(jī)相關(guān)的語境，表示“輸入，登錄，登記”；enter for表示“報(bào)名參加（考試、比賽）”。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：entrance n.進(jìn)入；入口：No Entrance.禁止入內(nèi)；entrance exam入學(xué)考試同義詞：enter=go into=get into（2019，山東卷，閱讀D）The smallest plastic particles can enter the blood, the lymphatic （淋巴）system, and may even reach the liver (肝臟), said Philipp Schwabl, who took part in the research.11. environmentn.環(huán)境關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：natural environment自然環(huán)境；living/working/social environment生活/工作/社會(huì)環(huán)境；protect the environment保護(hù)環(huán)境詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：environmental adj.環(huán)境的：environmentally friendly環(huán)保的（2019，北京卷，閱讀C）One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when were exposed(接觸) to new environments and experiences.12. especiallyadv.特別，尤其especially在句中可修飾名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、介詞短語等，一般放在被修飾詞的前面：Its very cold in winter, especially in Beijing.冬天很冷，尤其是在北京。especially在句中還可用來修飾狀語從句：Sunglasses are very useful especially when the sun is strong.太陽鏡非常有用，尤其是陽光很強(qiáng)的時(shí)候。especially在邏輯上已有極限意義，故無比較等級(jí)。易混單詞：specially adv.特別地；特意，專門：He bought the flower specially for her.他特意為她買了鮮花。（2019，山東卷，閱讀表達(dá)）The audience found this announcement especially _13_ and started to throw even more money onto the stage.13. A. funnyB. luckyC. helpfulD. painful13. everyadj.每一，每個(gè)的用法：every表示“每個(gè)”，其后通常接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，一般不接名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。every和each的區(qū)別：every只能做形容詞，而且each還可以用作代詞，直接充當(dāng)主語或者賓語。二者均指“每個(gè)”，但every側(cè)重全體；而each側(cè)重各個(gè)個(gè)體，比較：I know every member of the class.全班的人我都認(rèn)識(shí)。（概括全體）I know each member of the class.這個(gè)班的每個(gè)人我都認(rèn)識(shí)。（“個(gè)別”意義更重。）every指三個(gè)或以上的“每個(gè)”，不能指兩者中的“每個(gè)”；each則可以，如：誤：There are trees on every side of the road.正：There are trees on each side of the road.關(guān)聯(lián)單詞：everybody/everyone pron.每人，人人；everyday adj.每日的，日常的；everything pron.每件事，事事；everywhere adv.到處（2019，北京卷，單項(xiàng)填空）7.Sam with his friends every weekend.A. skatesB. is skatingC. has skatedD. was skating（2019，浙江卷，單項(xiàng)填空）7.The instructions tell us everything _ about how to make the model ship.A. by handB. by chanceC. in detailD. in person14. examinev.檢查，調(diào)查近義詞：check v.檢查，核對(duì)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：examination n.檢查，調(diào)查；（=exam）考試：final examination期末考試；examination paper考試卷；entrance examination入學(xué)考試；take an examination參加考試（2019，山東卷，閱讀B）The students took a science exam before the study. After the six-week study, they took another.15. examplen.例子，榜樣關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：for example例如；give an example舉例；takefor example以為例子；set an example (for)（為）樹立榜樣for example和such as的區(qū)別：for example是列舉整體之中的一個(gè)為例，常用作插入語，用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，example之后也需要逗號(hào)；其位置常常在句首，也可以置于句中、句末。如：Noise, for example, is a kind of pollution as well.噪音，打個(gè)比方，也是一種污染。such as用來列舉整體之中的部分同類人或事物作為例子，一般用逗號(hào)和主句隔開，但such as之后無逗號(hào)，直接跟名詞或名詞性短語。如：Some classmates of mine, such as Lucy, Lily, Jim are very generous.我的一些同學(xué)，如露西，李麗，吉姆都是很慷慨的人。（2019，北京卷，閱讀C）For example, on the way home, focus your attention outside of yourself, instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with.16. excitev.使興奮，使激動(dòng)用法：常用語be excited doing/to do sth.，或者be excited about/at，表示“興奮”、“激動(dòng)”的原因。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：exciting adj.令人激動(dòng)的：通常是指某物令人興奮激動(dòng)，對(duì)應(yīng)副詞是excitinglyexcited adj.興奮的，激動(dòng)的：指的是某人感覺到興奮或激動(dòng)，對(duì)應(yīng)副詞是excitedlyexcitement n.興奮，刺激，令人興奮的事物（2019，山東卷，閱讀D）My grandmother is going to be 100 years old in June. Shes very excited because shes going to get a special letter from the Queen.17. exercisev.鍛煉，運(yùn)動(dòng)；n.運(yùn)動(dòng)；練習(xí)；體操名詞exercise表示“鍛煉，運(yùn)動(dòng)”時(shí)，為不可數(shù)名詞：do/take exercise做運(yùn)動(dòng)/鍛煉身體名詞exercise表示“體操，練習(xí)”時(shí)，為可數(shù)名詞，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式：do morning/eye exercises做早操/眼保健操（2019，山東卷，單項(xiàng)填空）21. Tennis can exercise all of our muscles (肌肉) . And it requires _to spend time with others. This is good for our health too. A. ours B. us C. we18. expectv.期望；預(yù)料，預(yù)期用法：expect to do sth.期望做某事；expect sb./sth. to do sth.期望做某事expect+ that從句，或者常用作：It is expected that預(yù)計(jì)：It is expected that the weather will be good soon.估計(jì)天氣很快會(huì)好起來。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：expectation n.期待，指望；expected adj.預(yù)期的，預(yù)料的（副詞expectedly）：as expected不出所料，正如預(yù)期；unexpected adj.出乎意外的（副詞unexpectedly）（2019年，北京卷，完形）I dont regret putting time and energy into the election because Ive learned that things arent always going the way I expect.19. expensiveadj.昂貴的，價(jià)格高的用法：expensive表示“貴”時(shí)，主要用于說明具體的事物，而不能用來形容price。試比較：誤：The price of the coat is too expensive.正：The price of the coat is too high.正：The coat is too expensive.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：expensively adv.昂貴地；expense n.花費(fèi)，費(fèi)用近義詞：dear=costly=pricey反義詞：cheap=inexpensive adj.便宜的，廉價(jià)的； （2019年，浙江卷，閱讀B） 30. How can we do trampolining safely?A. Buy an expensive trampoline.B. Jump in the center of a trampoline.C. Choose a trampoline without a net.D. Lose weight before starting trampolining.20. experiencen.經(jīng)驗(yàn)；經(jīng)歷；v.經(jīng)歷關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：by experience憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)；working experience工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)；rich experience豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)；past experience過去的經(jīng)驗(yàn) 用法：experience表示“經(jīng)驗(yàn)，體驗(yàn)”時(shí)，為不可數(shù)名詞：She had no experience of life at all.她毫無生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)。experience表示“經(jīng)歷，閱歷”時(shí)，為可數(shù)名詞：Tell us about your experiences in Africa.給我們講講你在非洲的