ISAS52中文版(很好).doc

A 分析5 17 報(bào)警B 燒嘴、火焰供選用 1 供選用 1 供選用 1C 電導(dǎo)率 控制12D 密度差 4E 電壓（電動(dòng)勢(shì)） 檢測(cè)元件F 流量比（分?jǐn)?shù)）4G 供選用1 視鏡；觀察 9H 手動(dòng) 高14 15I 電流指示 10J 功率掃描K 時(shí)間、時(shí)間程序變化速率 4 19 操作器 20L 物位燈 11 低 14 15M 水分或濕度瞬動(dòng) 4 中、中間14N 供選用1 供選用 1 供選用 1 供選用 1O 供選用1 節(jié)流孔P 壓力、真空連接點(diǎn)、測(cè)試點(diǎn)Q 數(shù)量積算、累計(jì) 4R 核輻射記錄 16S 速度、頻率安全 開(kāi)關(guān) 12、聯(lián)鎖T 溫度 傳送U 多變量6 多功能 7 多功能 7 多功能 7V 振動(dòng)、機(jī)械監(jiān)視17 閥、風(fēng)門(mén)、百葉窗12W 重量、力套管X 未分類(lèi)2 X軸未分類(lèi) 2 未分類(lèi) 2 未分類(lèi) 2Y 事件、狀態(tài)18 Y軸繼動(dòng)器、計(jì)算器、轉(zhuǎn)換器 12 13Z 位置、尺寸 Z軸驅(qū)動(dòng)器、執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)未分類(lèi)的最終執(zhí)行元件目 錄 CONTENTS1簡(jiǎn)介 2 3符號(hào)表示 4開(kāi)/關(guān)邏輯輸入符號(hào) 5模擬輸入符號(hào) 5.1 變送器 5.2 溫度測(cè)量 6邏輯數(shù)據(jù)處理模塊 6.1 ET邏輯數(shù)據(jù)模塊 6.2 OU邏輯數(shù)據(jù)模塊 6.3 XOR 邏輯數(shù)據(jù)模塊 6.4 延時(shí) DI6.5 延時(shí) DT 6.6 PO脈沖輸出 6.7 寄存器 6.8 計(jì)時(shí)器 7數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)處理模塊 7.1 計(jì)算模塊 7.2 控制模塊 7.3 臨界點(diǎn)模塊 7.4 復(fù)位模塊 7.5 選擇模塊 7.6 變量速度限制模塊 8顯示模塊 8.1 變量顯示模塊 8.2 邏輯變量顯示模塊 8.3 報(bào)警顯示模塊 8.4 變量記錄模塊 9操作人員控制模塊 9.1 HS控制模塊 9.2 HIC控制模塊 10直聯(lián)和/ 或互聯(lián)符號(hào) 11 開(kāi)關(guān)邏輯輸出符號(hào) 12 模擬輸出符號(hào) 1簡(jiǎn)介 這個(gè)符號(hào)表示方法是用來(lái)明確表示數(shù)字控制系統(tǒng)的所有處理過(guò)程。為了此目的，DCS所有的處理過(guò)程被分成多個(gè)基本功能，一套DCS執(zhí)行的基本操作將完成一個(gè)基本功能，再組成一個(gè)統(tǒng)一單元，例如： 流程參數(shù)的獲取，監(jiān)視和核對(duì) 在工廠的一個(gè)給定點(diǎn)上，流體特性的獲取，監(jiān)視和核對(duì) 工廠中設(shè)備的任何一種部機(jī)的停車(chē)，監(jiān)視和啟動(dòng)順序 設(shè)備各種部機(jī)組裝的順序處理基本回路一個(gè)識(shí)別數(shù)碼被分配到每個(gè)基本功能上，第一個(gè)數(shù)字允許標(biāo)識(shí)與流程的特殊部分有關(guān)的所有處理過(guò)程，作為順序數(shù)碼的后兩個(gè)數(shù)字沒(méi)有排除。這兩個(gè)數(shù)字在使用上的某些一致性 (按部件重組) 。功能塊 所使用的符號(hào)符合ISA標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：ISAS5.1 儀表符號(hào)和標(biāo)識(shí) ISAS5.2 過(guò)程操作的二進(jìn)制邏輯圖 23符號(hào)表示 這種符號(hào)體系包括幾種符號(hào)系列： 開(kāi)關(guān)邏輯輸入符號(hào)（見(jiàn)第4章） 模擬輸入符號(hào)（見(jiàn)第5 章） 邏輯數(shù)據(jù)處理模塊（見(jiàn)第6 章） 數(shù)據(jù)處理模塊（見(jiàn)第7 章） 顯示模塊（見(jiàn)第8 章） 操作員控制模塊（見(jiàn)第9 章） 直聯(lián)和/ 或互聯(lián)符號(hào)（見(jiàn)第10 章） 開(kāi)關(guān)邏輯輸出符號(hào)（見(jiàn)第11 章） 模擬輸出符號(hào)（見(jiàn)第12 章）4邏輯輸入符號(hào) 4.1 符號(hào)說(shuō)明 U根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ISAS5.1表1，測(cè)量變量的標(biāo)記字母： 注意：第一個(gè)字母后面可跟修飾標(biāo)記字母（例：D表示有差異的）。S開(kāi)關(guān)的縮寫(xiě) YY根據(jù)ISAS5.1標(biāo)準(zhǔn)表1，變換字母XXXXZ邏輯輸入符號(hào)由以下組成： XXXX 該被考慮的邏輯輸入中的功能號(hào)Z 如果數(shù)個(gè)邏輯輸入在同一個(gè)功能內(nèi)被考慮，它代表合理的順序字母。4.2 定義 當(dāng)處于正常情況時(shí)，輸入為1（閉合接點(diǎn)）。當(dāng)處于反常狀態(tài)輸入為0（斷開(kāi)接點(diǎn)）。如果過(guò)程不允許定義邏輯輸入的正常和反常狀態(tài)（例如：方案選擇器）0和1狀態(tài)的意義將用注解來(lái)說(shuō)明：DCS外部，使用的邏輯通常是“缺省型”，象上面描述的那樣。DCS內(nèi)部：使用邏輯的通常是“輸出型”。4.3 例子 4.3.1 臨界值U 4.3.2 閥門(mén)上的限位開(kāi)關(guān) Opened ValveClosed ValveZSH-XXXX10ZSL-XXXX014.3.3 接點(diǎn) Opened ContactorClosed ContactorES014.3.4 選擇器 0 R1工作 1 R2工作 4.3.5 Push ButtonPush-buttonPressedReleasedHSH10HSL01with a NOT at DCS inputLogic 0De-SelectedLogic 1SelectedThe push button is represented by a selector with a pulse output to reset to 0.5模擬輸入符號(hào) 5.1 變送器 符號(hào)說(shuō)明U根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ISAS5.1表，所測(cè)變量的標(biāo)記字母注：此第一個(gè)字母后可跟一個(gè)修飾用標(biāo)記字母（例如D：有差異的）T變送器的縮寫(xiě) XXXXZ模擬輸入的參照符號(hào)由以下組成：XXXX在這個(gè)被考慮的模擬輸入中的功能號(hào)Z 如果數(shù)個(gè)模擬輸入在同一功能內(nèi)被考慮，它代表合理的順序字母。5.2 溫度測(cè)量 符號(hào)說(shuō)明 T溫度縮寫(xiě) E基本元件的縮寫(xiě) XXXZ邏輯輸入的參照符號(hào)（見(jiàn)5.1）。6 邏輯數(shù)據(jù)處理模塊 6.1 或邏輯模塊 6.1.1 定義 只要輸入端A，B，C至少有一個(gè)處于“1“的狀態(tài)，輸出端D就處于狀態(tài)1。一旦所有的輸入端A，B，C均處于0狀態(tài)，輸出端D就處于0狀態(tài)。6.1.2 例子 6.2 與邏輯模塊 6.2.1 符號(hào)表示 一旦輸入端A，B，C均處于狀態(tài)1，輸出端D就處于狀態(tài)1。當(dāng)輸入端A，B，C中至少有一個(gè)處于0狀態(tài)，輸出端D就處于0狀態(tài)。6.2.2 例子 6.3 異-或邏輯模塊 6.3.1 定義 當(dāng)輸入端僅有一個(gè)處于“1“狀態(tài) ，輸出端C就處于“1”的狀態(tài)。當(dāng)兩個(gè)輸入端均為同一狀態(tài)（0 或 1），輸出端C就處于“0”的狀態(tài)。6.3.2 例子 6.4 DI延時(shí) 6.4.1 符號(hào)說(shuō)明 DI輸出延時(shí)開(kāi)始的縮寫(xiě)XXXXZ該功能模塊的參照符號(hào)如下：XXXX該模塊中使用的功能號(hào)Z 在功能XXXX中該模塊的順序字母NNNTTDI延遲時(shí)的持續(xù)時(shí)間顯示，由以下組成：NNN持續(xù)時(shí)間數(shù)字TT持續(xù)時(shí)間的單位.6.4.2 定義 輸入端A從0轉(zhuǎn)換到1，在t時(shí)間內(nèi)，它一直保持在1位置上。當(dāng)延時(shí)時(shí)間t結(jié)束后，輸出端B從0轉(zhuǎn)換到1。輸入端A從1轉(zhuǎn)換到0，輸出端B也立即從1 轉(zhuǎn)換到0。6.4.3 例子 6.5 DT延時(shí)6.5.1 符號(hào)說(shuō)明DT輸出延遲終止的縮寫(xiě)XXXXZ該功能模塊的參照符號(hào)如下：XXXX在這個(gè)模塊中使用的該功能號(hào)Z在功能XXXX中，該模塊的順序字母NNNTT表示DT延時(shí)時(shí)間，由以下內(nèi)容組成：NNN持續(xù)時(shí)間數(shù)字 TT持續(xù)時(shí)間的單位 6.5.2 定義 輸入端A從0轉(zhuǎn)換到1，將會(huì)使輸出端B立即從0轉(zhuǎn)換到1。輸入端A從1轉(zhuǎn)換到0，并在時(shí)間t內(nèi)持續(xù)保持在0狀態(tài)，當(dāng)時(shí)間t結(jié)束后，輸出端B從1轉(zhuǎn)換到0。6.5.3 例子 6.6 PO脈沖輸出 6.6.1 符號(hào)說(shuō)明 PO脈沖輸出縮寫(xiě)XXXXZ此功能模塊的參照符號(hào)，由以下組成：XXXX在這個(gè)模塊中使用的該功能號(hào)Z在功能XXXX中該模塊的順序字母NNNTT表示PO脈沖持續(xù)時(shí)間，由以下組成：NNN持續(xù)時(shí)間數(shù)字TT持續(xù)時(shí)間的單位6.6.2 定義 Definition輸入端A從0轉(zhuǎn)換到1，表明輸出端B也會(huì)立即從0轉(zhuǎn)換到1，在脈沖時(shí)間內(nèi)，輸出端B將保持在1，在最初轉(zhuǎn)換后，不管輸入端A如何變化，當(dāng)脈沖時(shí)間t結(jié)束后，輸出端B從1變到0。 (特別是輸入端A的任何一個(gè)從0轉(zhuǎn)換到1的新變化，而輸出端B只處在“1”狀態(tài)。)6.6.3 例子 6.7 寄存器 6.7.1 符號(hào)說(shuō)明 S設(shè)置的縮寫(xiě) R復(fù)位的縮寫(xiě) XXXXZ該功能模塊的參照符號(hào)，由以下組成：XXXX在這個(gè)模塊中使用的該功能號(hào)Z在功能XXXX中，該模塊的順序字母6.7.2 定義 下列情況一發(fā)生輸出端C就從0轉(zhuǎn)換到1： 輸入端B處于0狀態(tài)，輸入端A從0變?yōu)?。 輸入端A處于1狀態(tài)，輸入端B從1變0 。只要輸入端B保留在0狀態(tài)，輸出端C的1狀態(tài)不受輸入端A狀態(tài)變化的影響。輸出端C從1轉(zhuǎn)換到0，只要： 不管輸出端A的狀態(tài)是什么，輸入端B從0轉(zhuǎn)到1。只要輸入端B處于狀態(tài)1，不管輸入端A怎樣變化，輸出端C的“0”狀態(tài)將保持(復(fù)位以前)。只要輸入端A處于0狀態(tài)，輸出端C的“0”狀態(tài)將不會(huì)受輸入端B的變化影響。6.7.3 例子 注意：優(yōu)先權(quán)通常是復(fù)位65bn給設(shè)置（S）以優(yōu)先權(quán)也是可能的，在這種情況下， 當(dāng)輸入端S置1，無(wú)論輸入端B是什么狀態(tài)，輸出端C將始終處于狀態(tài)1。6.8 計(jì)時(shí)器 6.8.1 符號(hào)說(shuō)明 S設(shè)置縮寫(xiě)R復(fù)位縮寫(xiě)XXXXZ該功能模塊的參照符號(hào)，由以下組成：XXXX在該模塊中使用的功能號(hào)Z在功能XXXX，該模塊的順序字母TT時(shí)間累計(jì)器的時(shí)間單位6.8.2 定義 6.8.3 例子 計(jì)時(shí)器的功能是累計(jì)輸入端A處在狀態(tài)1的時(shí)間（在此時(shí)，輸入端B處于0狀態(tài)），從輸入端B最近的一次從1轉(zhuǎn)換到0狀態(tài)算起。輸入端B為0，輸入端A為1，意味著加法器的遞增是從設(shè)置實(shí)體的0狀態(tài)起。輸入端B轉(zhuǎn)換到1意味累加器的復(fù)位（C0），不管輸入端A是什么狀態(tài)，只要輸入端B處在狀態(tài)1，參數(shù)C就處于0。然后累計(jì)時(shí)間值被用于： 顯示 建立一個(gè)臨界值探測(cè)對(duì)象（不管是固定的或是操作人員能接近的，包括邏輯運(yùn)算） 當(dāng)加法器到達(dá)或超過(guò)計(jì)時(shí)器的時(shí)間t，輸出端C從0轉(zhuǎn)換到1，只要加法器的值超過(guò)時(shí)間t，這 個(gè)輸出值就被限定在“1” 6.9SEQUENCER6.9.1GeneralAs ISA symbols are used for all combinatory logics, SFC (Grafcet) symbols are used when a sequential logic is implemented, especially for cyclic process. SFC (Grafcet) sequencer is an ordered succession of steps and transitions connected by directed links.Detailed explanations about SFC (Grafcet) symbols are not given here. Only the functionalities are pointed out.6.9.2Step6.9.2.1SymbolFigure 16.9.2.2DefinitionA step defines an unvarying running of either whole or part of automatism.In a given time, a step is either active or inactive. Two steps in a same link branch cannot be active at the same time; when a step becomes active, the preceding one is deactivated.A set of actions or logic functions is associated to one step. They must be done every time this step is active. These actions may be internal to DCS (wait, count, display, etc.) or external (valve open, close, etc.)6.9.2.3Associated Symbolsa. Initial StepThe initial step is represented by a double square. If the DCS is rebooted, the sequencer will go to step 0. Otherwise, this step is never active in the sequencer.Figure 2b. ConnectionsFigure 36.9.3Transition6.9.3.1SymbolFigure 46.9.3.2DefinitionA transition indicates the possibility of evolution between steps. This evolution takes place with all of the conditions of the transition true.A transition is either validated or not validated.It is validated when the preceding step that is connected to this transition is active.6.9.3.3FunctionalitiesThe DCS built-in sequencer block may be used to implement the specified sequence, as well as a combination of latch blocks if this last method is more adapted to match our requirements. The resulting assembly is named Sequencer in the following text.Only the functionalities described in SFC (Grafcet) standard are taken in account. Access to possible built-in additional facilities or running modes must not be given to the operator. If necessary, it will be convenient to put the function window display out of use.7數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)處理模塊 7.1 計(jì)算模塊 7.1.1 符號(hào)說(shuō)明U根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ISAS5.1表1，計(jì)算變量的標(biāo)記字母。Y根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ISAS5.1計(jì)算模塊的標(biāo)記字母XXXXZ計(jì)算模塊的參照符號(hào)，由以下組成：XXXX該模塊中使用的功能號(hào)Z在功能XXXX中，該模塊的順序字母。7.1.2 定義 計(jì)算被確認(rèn)，要么通過(guò)注釋，要么通過(guò)相互參照來(lái)解釋計(jì)算算法。7.1.3ExamplesFigure 5: Square root extractionFigure 6: AdderFigure 7: Flow rate correctionNOTE 1: Temperature and pressure compensated flow rateFigure 8: Selector: Low or High SelectS = lower (A,B,C) or upper (A,B,C)Q = display of the selected inputNOTE: Output S will be connected to upstream controller feed backs to prevent their winding-upFigure 9: Inversion of analog signal varying from 0 to 1Figure 10: SwitchS = A when logic Input C = 1S = B when logic Input C = 0Q = display of the selected inputNOTE: Output S will be connected to eventual upstream controller feed backs to prevent their winding-upFigure 11: Toggle SwitchS = A as soon as logic Input C rises to 1 and remains = A till logic Input D rises to 1S = B as soon as logic Input D rises to 1 and remains = B till logic Input C rises to 1Q = display of the selected inputNOTE: Output S will be connected to eventual upstream controller feed backs to prevent their winding-upFigure 12: Totalizer AccumulatorOn pulsed Input B =1, S = Accumulation of A following time baseOn pulsed Input C =1, Accumulation of A is stopped, Output S remains at its last valueOn pulsed Input D =1, Accumulation is cleared to 07.2 控制模塊 7.2.1 符號(hào)說(shuō)明U根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ISAS5.1表1控制變量的標(biāo)記字母。I根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ISAS5.1表1，表示“顯示”。C表示“控制”。 For ControlXXXXZ控制模塊的參照符號(hào)，由以下組成：XXXX該模塊中使用的功能號(hào)Z在功能XXXX中該模塊的順序字母MMMM關(guān)于控制模塊操作模式顯示所用的方法：手動(dòng)模式MANU Methods in use:自動(dòng)模式AUTO串聯(lián)模式CAS內(nèi)部設(shè)定點(diǎn)INT外部設(shè)定點(diǎn)EXTNNN%在控制模塊輸出口，用百分比表示的限制比率和數(shù)值比率UMeasured variable identification letter, according to standard ISA-S5.1, table 1NOTE: This first letter may be followed by a variable modifying letter (example: D differential).ICFunctional identification letters:Ifor IndicateCfor ControlXXXXZIdentification number consisting of: XXXXLoop number in which this input is taken into account. ZOptional suffix letter, if several inputs are taken into account in the same function.In square or rectangle flags:RReverse actionDDirect actionPIDProportional, Integral, Derivative actions are need for control algorithm. When, as standard, there is no flag, only P I need is assumed.MMMMIndication about the operating mode of the controllerMethods in use:MANUManual modeAUTOAutomatic modeorAUTO + LOCALAuto mode with local or internal set-pointCASCascade modeorAUTO + REMOTEAuto mode with remote or external set-pointNNN%Indication of the value in % or of the limits in % (when preceded with or ) prescribed at the output of the controller.7.2.2 定義 控制模塊是一個(gè)計(jì)算模塊，它的運(yùn)算對(duì)象是通過(guò)數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算來(lái)執(zhí)行的，任何一個(gè)外部變量A的控制可以根據(jù)變量B提供的外部設(shè)定點(diǎn)或根據(jù)在操作站上顯示的內(nèi)部設(shè)定值按比例和/或積 分、和/或微分進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。當(dāng)外部不使用外部設(shè)定值時(shí)，控制模塊只能用內(nèi)部設(shè)定點(diǎn)來(lái)運(yùn)算。邏輯輸入值 C 從0轉(zhuǎn)換到1，將會(huì)使控制模塊轉(zhuǎn)換到MMMM模式。邏輯輸入值C保持在“1”狀態(tài)，是控制模塊在MMM模式狀態(tài)聯(lián)鎖。邏輯輸入值C從1轉(zhuǎn)換到0，對(duì)控制模塊的操作模式無(wú)任何影響。邏輯輸入C保持在0狀態(tài)，允許完全自由地選擇控制模塊的操作方式，只要其它的模式不被 其它邏輯輸入限定。邏輯輸入值D從0轉(zhuǎn)換到1，會(huì)使控制模塊輸出E固定在一指示值或使指示限制有效。邏輯輸入值D保持在狀態(tài)“1敗 控制模塊輸出E的聯(lián)鎖要么在該指示值要么在指示極限內(nèi)。邏輯輸入值D從1 轉(zhuǎn)換到0，對(duì)控制模塊的輸出沒(méi)有影響。這種模擬參數(shù)的作用形式可以用于其它參數(shù)上。在這種情況下，相關(guān)參數(shù)將被提示。只要其他邏輯輸入無(wú)規(guī)定值和/或極限值，邏輯輸入D保持在狀態(tài)“0”控制模塊的輸出端D將允許游動(dòng)。通過(guò)邏輯輸入在一個(gè)控制模塊的操作方式上聯(lián)鎖，和/或控制模塊輸出被一邏輯輸入聯(lián)鎖。禁止在操作站進(jìn)行任何相反的動(dòng)作。A controller is a computing block, the aim of which is to carry-out, through a numerical algorithm that is a function of the deviation of the input measure A from its set point SP, the calculation of the numeric output signal E to make this deviation decrease.-D or R-Direct or ReverseWhen its output signal E absolute value is increasing, in response to an increasing absolute deviation, the controller is said to be Direct.”When its output signal E absolute value is decreasing, in response to an increasing absolute deviation, the controller is said to be Reverse.”-PI-PID- As standard, and without special mention in a flag, only Proportional and Integral (reset) action parameters (-PI-) are used.The output signal is computed either in response to deviation of measurement from set point, or in response to measurement according to special applications.As standard, controller actions Proportional and Integral (-PI-) are responsive to deviation.Especially for Temperature and Analysis controllers, it will be preferred to have Derivative (-D-) responsive to measurement. It will be mentioned in a flag in the functional diagrams.-SP- The set point may be local (internal), tuned from operating console, or remote (external) (B) from a calculation or from another controller output. The controller is then working either in auto mode or in cascade mode. When the remote set point Input B is not used, the controller can only operate with its local set point in auto mode.-Mode- Manual switching of operating modes is done from operating console. Automatic switching to mode MMMM is done as soon as logic Input C exists. This mode MMMM remains selected, after termination of Input C until another mode is selected (manually or automatically) i.e.; transition of logic Input C from 1 to 0 has no direct effect upon the current operating mode of the controller, and any action carried out from console is inhibited until Input C terminates.-Forcing- Forcing or limitation of Output E to the value NNN% is effective as soon as logic Input D exists, and remains effective after termination of Input D until another output value is calculated or tuned (i.e., transition of logic Input D from 1 to 0 has no direct effect upon the current output value of the controller, and any action carried out from console is inhibited until Input D terminates).By the same way, forcing and limitation of other parameters can be carried-out by action of a logic input. In this case, the involved parameter is specially designed in the flag.-Feed-back- To prevent winding-up, the feedback signal to integral action will be connected to actual output signal, (case of controller selection), or to output image, (case of cascades) This connection is not represented on functional diagrams, but it is applied that it has to be carried out.See Figure 14, Figure 15, and Figure 16.Figure 13a. Controller selectionFigure 14b. CascadeFigure 15Figure 16When slave controller is set to LOCAL mode, the output of the master one is no more operative. The measurement of the slave controller is the representative of the desired output for feedback.If the remote set point is modified through an operation, the reverse operation will be carried out for the slave controller measurement to be representative of the desired output for feedback.-Tracking-To carry out smooth transition between the different control modes, the tracking facilities will be configured for each controller, unless otherwise specified on functional diagram.a. Single controller:Transition from auto mode to manual mode makes the set point track the measure.b. Cascade controllers: Transition of slave controller UIC B from auto mode to cascade mode makes its local set point track the remote one. Transition of slave controller UIC B from cascade mode to auto mode makes the master controller UIC A switch to manual mode, with its set point tracking its measure, and its output tracking the measure of slave controller.Figure 17c. Cascade controllers with calculation: Transition of slave controller UIC B from cascade mode to auto mode makes the master controller UIC A switch to manual mode, with its set point tracking its measure, and its output tracking the measure of slave controller through the reverse calculation.Figure 18-Output scale-A controller generally operates a valve. It is comfortable for operator to have the direct correspondence between the digital value of output signal and the actual valve opening.In the case of FC (failure closed) valves, the controller output signal represents the valve position, between 0 & 100 % of opening (when signal increases, valve gets opening).In the case of a FO (failure opened) valve, when signal increases, valve gets closing), it is necessary to reverse the output signal of the controller before the DCS output.Figure 19In the case of a simple cascade, the scale of the master controller output signal will be the same as the slave measure one.Figure 20Figure 21The UIC controller corrects the value of the calculated flow rate F1 within plus or minus 10% of the FIC range.7.2.3 例子7.2.4 輸出范圍 一個(gè)調(diào)節(jié)器通?？刂埔粋€(gè)閥，在這種情況下，調(diào)節(jié)器的輸出信號(hào)將代表閥的開(kāi)度（信號(hào)增 加，閥門(mén)打開(kāi)）。對(duì)氣開(kāi)（FO）閥，在DCS輸出以前，有必要將調(diào)節(jié)器的輸出信號(hào)進(jìn)行換向。UVUICUYUICUVFCFOI-E在串級(jí)控制中，主控制器的輸出信號(hào)將會(huì)給副控制器提供一個(gè)合適的范圍。無(wú)論是閉環(huán)或 閉環(huán)中且有修正的開(kāi)環(huán)都將考慮這一點(diǎn)。注：輸出范圍 2000 10000 Nm3/h注 NOTE ：輸出范圍 1000/ +1000 Nm3/ hUIC控制器修正計(jì)算流量F1的參數(shù)值，在FIC幅度的10之間。7.3 臨界值模塊 7.3.1 符號(hào)說(shuō)明U根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ISA S5.1表1，有臨界值變量的標(biāo)記字母。注：這第一個(gè)符號(hào)后面可跟第二個(gè)標(biāo)記字母（例如 D：有差異的）S開(kāi)關(guān)縮寫(xiě) YY修正字母，根據(jù)ISA S5.1表1。XXXXZ臨界值模塊的參照符號(hào)，由以下組成：XXXX該模塊中使用的功能號(hào)Z在功能XXXX中該模塊的順序字母。7.3.2 定義 根據(jù)臨界值，當(dāng)變量A的值正常時(shí)，則邏輯輸出B為0狀態(tài)。根據(jù)臨 界值，當(dāng)變量A的值反常時(shí)，邏輯輸出B為1 狀態(tài)。7.3.3 例子一個(gè)臨界點(diǎn)可能有一個(gè)不應(yīng)區(qū)，縮寫(xiě)成D.B。在臨界點(diǎn)50處有5 不應(yīng)區(qū)。當(dāng)A超過(guò)50，輸出轉(zhuǎn)換到1。當(dāng)變量A低于45時(shí)，輸出重新返回“0”每個(gè)設(shè)定臨界點(diǎn)通常是確定的（操作人員可以操作，或通過(guò)組態(tài)）。它被系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)部變量控制。典型的符號(hào)表示如下：SP 代表臨界點(diǎn)開(kāi)關(guān)值，the threshold switching value7.4 復(fù)位模塊 7.4.1 符號(hào)說(shuō)明U根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ISAS5.1表1，變量的標(biāo)記字母。Y根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ISAS5.1表1，計(jì)算模塊的標(biāo)記字母.XXXXZ復(fù)位模塊的參照符號(hào)，由以下組成：XXXX在該模塊中使用的功能號(hào)Z在功能XXXX中，此模塊的順序字母。NN用百分比表示的在模塊輸出值范圍的復(fù)位值。7.4.2 定義 邏輯輸入B從0轉(zhuǎn)換到1將使模塊輸出C處于規(guī)定的顯示為NN的復(fù)位值。邏輯輸入B保持在狀態(tài)1聯(lián)鎖模塊輸出值C處于規(guī)定顯示為NN的復(fù)位值。當(dāng)邏輯輸入B從1轉(zhuǎn)換到0，將迫使模塊輸出值C的值與輸入變量的值一樣。邏輯輸入B保持在0狀態(tài)，可以認(rèn)為變量A的值在模塊輸出C上傳遞。7.4.3 例子 7.5 選擇模塊7.5.1 符號(hào)說(shuō)明 7.5.2 定義 如果邏輯輸入D處于1狀態(tài)，輸出C的值和輸入A一致。如果邏輯輸入D處于0狀態(tài)，輸出C將等于輸入B值。7.6 變化速度限制模塊 7.6.1 符號(hào)說(shuō)明7.6.2 定義 這個(gè)模塊用于限制模擬信號(hào)在增加方向或減少方向或雙向的變化速度。限制速度和變化方向的選擇在注解中會(huì)被提示。7.7Lead/Lag7.7.1Symbol7.7.2DefinitionThis function block is used to provide dynamic compensation of an input valve.Input A is the analog valve to be compensated.Transition of Input B from 0 to 1 will cause the Output 0 to follow Input A.Transition of Input B from 1 to 0 will initiate Output C with Lead/Lag parameters.7.7.3ExamplesError! Reference source not found. shows the timed response of the block.The lead/lag block executes the following calculation.(1)