中考英語復(fù)習(xí)專題-被動(dòng)語態(tài).docx

中考英語復(fù)習(xí)專輯被動(dòng)語態(tài)十、被 動(dòng) 語 態(tài)英語的語態(tài)分主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)兩種。主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。 eg. We use a knife for cutting (主動(dòng)句). A knife is used for cutting (被動(dòng)句)。一、構(gòu)成：be + 過去分詞eg. 1)The work is finished by him. 2)Chinese is spoken by people in China.二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/ is/ are + 過去分詞eg. English is spoken by Englishmen.2.一般過去時(shí)：was/ were + 過去分詞eg. The machines were made in China.3.一般將來時(shí):will/shall/be going to be+過去分詞eg. A sports meeting will be held in our school next week.4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/ has been + 過去分詞eg. The work has been done by them.5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/ is/ are being + 過去分詞。eg. A new school is being built in our village.6.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/ were being + 過去分詞eg. My TV set was being mended at that time.綜上所述：被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)只涉及be動(dòng)詞的變化（即：be動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)）另外注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1.含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)： can / may / must / should + be + 過去分詞eg. He may be sent away from school.2.帶動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)eg. My bike needs to be mended.3.在使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，如需要指出動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者時(shí)，應(yīng)用“by + 動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者(賓格)”eg. He was called Mike by us4.不及物動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)（take place/ happen ; last ; rise ; sink ; fall等）eg. The accident was happened two days ago (改錯(cuò)) _5.當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語是省to不定式時(shí)，在改作被動(dòng)語態(tài)之后，應(yīng)將省去的to還原。eg.The boss made the workers work 12 hours.The workers were made to work 12 hours.6.注意短語動(dòng)詞的完整性（即：主動(dòng)句的謂語動(dòng)詞若由v + prep / adv構(gòu)成，變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不能將這些介詞、副詞遺漏。eg. We must take care of the baby.The baby must be taken care of.練 習(xí) 題一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)概述 語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用以說明主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)共有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，一般說來，只有需要?jiǎng)幼鲗ο蟮募拔飫?dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。漢語往往用被、受、給等詞來表示被動(dòng)意義。 如：He opened the door.他打開了這扇門。（主動(dòng)語態(tài)）The door was opened.這扇門被打開了。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)） 二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動(dòng)語態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過去分詞部分不變。疑問式和否定式的變化也如此。 1、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)較常見的八種，現(xiàn)以動(dòng)詞clean為例列表說明：2、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句式變化：以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和動(dòng)詞invite為例，列表說明被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句式變化： 3、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞；其時(shí)態(tài)及句型的變化僅由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成，be+過去分詞部分不變。如： Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石頭制造。Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那時(shí)桌子可由石頭制造。（一般過去時(shí)）Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石頭制造嗎？（疑問句） 三、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換圖示： 1、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的步驟： （1）將主動(dòng)句的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z： 注意：如果主動(dòng)句的賓語是代詞，需將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲?。如：Tom killed him. He was killed by Tom. （2）將動(dòng)詞改為be+過去分詞。注意： They held a meeting yesterday. A meeting was held by them yesterday.他們昨天開會了。 （3）將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語改為be放在謂語動(dòng)詞后。注意：如果原主語是代詞，則應(yīng)由主格變?yōu)橘e格。He sang a song. A song was sung by him. 2、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)： 含有雙賓語，即直接賓語（常指事物）和間接賓語（常指人）的句子，每個(gè)賓語都可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，即其被動(dòng)語態(tài)有兩種形式。但多以間接賓語作主語。Jack told us the truth.杰克告訴了我們真相。We were told the truth by Jack.The truth was told (to) us by Jack.四 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本用法1.需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Magazines and newspapers in the reading-room mustnt be taken away.閱覽室的雜志和報(bào)紙都不能帶走。2.不知道或者沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。He was wounded many times during the Anti-Japanese War.他在抗日戰(zhàn)爭期間多次負(fù)傷。The problem has to be dealt with right now.這個(gè)問題必須馬上處理。3.當(dāng)說話人需要強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。It is said that the temperature tomorrow will be 40.據(jù)說明天的氣溫將要達(dá)到攝氏40度。It is hoped that they will be successful.希望她們會獲得成功。特別記?。哼@一類用法的句型還有：It is believed that. 據(jù)信，大家相信It is known that. 眾所周知It is supposed that. 大家認(rèn)為It is suggested that. 據(jù)建議，有人建議It must be remembered that. 務(wù)必記住It is taken for granted that. 被認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然五、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)舉例（以動(dòng)詞do為例） 1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（am/ is/ are +done）English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的許多人都說英語。Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都舉行班會。The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 學(xué)生們每天都打掃教室。 2一般過去時(shí)(was/ were +done)The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那個(gè)男孩打碎了。He was saved at last. 他最終獲救了。My bike was stolen. 我的自行車被偷了。 3一般將來時(shí)與過去將來時(shí)(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一個(gè)演講。A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一條新馬路。I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我認(rèn)為將有數(shù)千人得到幫助。 4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done)The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天這時(shí)，機(jī)器正在被修理。The problem is being discussed now. 問題正在被討論。A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一輛公共汽車。 5現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/ has been + done)Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到現(xiàn)在為止，已經(jīng)種了二百棵樹了。The book has been read many times by me. 這本書已經(jīng)被我讀了許多遍了。6過去完成時(shí)(had been+done)They said they had been invited to the party. 他們說已經(jīng)被邀請參加晚會了。She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她發(fā)現(xiàn)房子已經(jīng)被暴風(fēng)雨摧毀。He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died. 他在去世前已經(jīng)被疾病折磨很多年了。六、下列動(dòng)詞（詞組）沒有被動(dòng)式：1、系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)：以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)之意常見的系動(dòng)詞有： be動(dòng)詞 起來（7個(gè)）：look/seem/appear, feel(感覺，摸起來), sound, smell, taste e.g. She seems/appears happy. It smells terrible. (逐漸)變得/變成：become, grow, get, turn, come, go e.g. His wish has come true. People often went hungry in the old days. The tree is growing tall. 保持：keep, stay e.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room.2、happen, take place, break out, belong to ,cost, take3、不及物動(dòng)詞sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, lock, wear等，常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。、An accident was happened yesterday.（）昨天發(fā)生了一起事故。 An accident happened yesterday.、The flower smells sweet.這花聞起來很香。、The watch looks good.這表看起來很好。、This book sells well.這本書暢銷。、The kind of cloth washes well. 這種布很容易洗。、The article reads well. 這篇文章讀起來很好。 、The supermarket opens at 8:00 in the morning. 超市在早上八點(diǎn)鐘營業(yè)。、The door wont close/shut. 這門關(guān)不上。 、The door locks easily. 這門容易鎖。 、This material wears well (wont wear). 這種材料耐久（不耐久）七含有雙賓語的句子的被動(dòng)語態(tài)有一些動(dòng)詞如give, buy等，后面常跟兩個(gè)賓語-直接賓語和間接賓語；通常直接賓語指 物，間接賓語指人；指物或指人的賓語都可以作為被動(dòng)句子的主語。例如：例：She gave me a book.= She gave a pen to book. I was given a book by her. A book was given to me by her. My father bought me a MP3.= My father bought a MP3 for me. I was bought a MP3 by my father. A MP3 was bought for me by my father.將這些帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞背下來：1.動(dòng)詞后加to的：give 給 show 給看 send 寄 bring 帶 pass 遞給lend借給 leave 留給 hand 交給 tell 告訴 return 歸還 write 寫給 throw 扔 promise 答應(yīng) refuse 拒絕2.動(dòng)詞后加for的：pay 付錢給， buy 買， sing 給唱歌， make 制，做， do 做， get 得到注意：所有要求不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語而不帶to的動(dòng)詞，包括感官 動(dòng)詞see, hear, watch, feel, look at, listen to及使役動(dòng)詞make, let, have和動(dòng)詞help,在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，還要把to加上。例如：I saw him(賓) enter the Room 102(賓補(bǔ)).He was seen(謂語)to enter the Room 102(賓補(bǔ)).我看見他進(jìn)入102室。(他被看見進(jìn)入了102室。)被動(dòng)語態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)單項(xiàng)選擇 1. Good books _ again and again.A. should be readed B. should be readC. must read D. ought to read 2. The children _ by the nurse.A. were looked B. looked afterC. were looked after D. looked 3. He _ some pieces of advice, but he _ to them.A. gave, didnt listen B. was given, wasnt listenedC. give, wasnt listened D. was given, didnt listen 4. When_ the accident _ ?A. was, happen B. did, happenC. is, happen D. was, happened 5. The question _ by us soon.A. is going to discuss B. will discussC. is going to be discussed D. has been discussed 6. The lab _ about five years ago.A. was builded B. was built C. builds D. has been built 7. A lot of tall buildings _ in his hometown in the last three years.A. have set up B. have been set up C. were set up D. set up 8. They _ printing 500 copies by the end of last month.A. had finished B. have finished C. had been finished D. have been finished 9. Rice _ also _ in their hometown.A. isgrown B. isgrew C. wasgrew D. wasgrown 10. He _ by the teachers.A. is always praised B. praisesC. have been praised D. always is praised 11. Great changes _ place. Many new schools_ .A. have taken, have been opened B. take, are openC. are taken, open D. have been taken, are opened 12. The picture_ in October, 1996.A. was taking B. had been taken C. was taken D. had taken 13. We cant use the bridge now, because it_ .A. has been repaired B. is repairing C. is repaired D. is being repaired 14. I _the way to the railway station by a policeman.A. was shown B. showed C. have shown D. was showing 15. The war_ in 1941.A. broke out B. had been broken outC. was broken out D. had broken out 16. When water_ , it will be changed into vapor(蒸汽).A. is heated B. heating C. has heated D. heats 17. We cant enter the room because its door_ .A. locked B. locks C. is locked D. is locking 18. They _day and night.A. are made work B. are made to workC. made to be worked D. are making to work 19. Changan Road is _of people.A. filled B. fill C. full D. fulled 20. Man-made satellites _into space by many countries.A. was sent up B. is sent upC. have been sent up D. has been sent up 21. This English song _ often _ by the children.A. is, singing B. is, sung C. will, sing D. was, sung 22.The windows of our house _once a week.A. must clean B. have cleaned C. is cleaned D. are cleaned 23. When _ the Peoples Republic of China_ ?A. was, found B. was, founded C. did, found D. does, found 24. Marys radio _ by my brother just now.A. will be mended B. has mended C. was mended D. mended 25. Your exercise books _ after class.A. will hand in B. must hand in C. handed in D. must be handed in 26. Some trees may _ at other times of the year.A. be planted B. plant C. are planted D. will be planted 27. The sun _ at night as usual.A. can be seen B. cant see C. cant be seen D. doesnt see 28. A new English play _ there next week.A. will put on B. will be put on C. is going to put on D. will be putted on 29. A strange thing _ in our school yesterday.A. was happened B. has been happened C. happened D. was going to happen 30. The glass _ . It _ by little Tom this morning.A. broke, is broken B. is broken, was brokenC. was broken, broke D. has been broken, broken 把下列句子改為被動(dòng)語態(tài) 1. I saw the boy run yesterday. 2. He told me that he would come back soon. 3. You can find a lot of differences between the two languages. 4. Do you water your flowers every day? 5. The wind blew down the big tree last night. 6. I think that he is right. 7. He had not thrown the bad food. 8. Mother was not mending the trousers. 9. They would not take him to Beijing. 10. Nobody knew me in this town at that time.More exercises:1( ) 1 The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found( ) 2 English _ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken( )3 This English song_ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung( ) 4 This kind of car _ in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 5 New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used2( ) 1 Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep( ) 2 -Id like to buy that coat. -Im sorry. _. A. it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold( ) 3 A new house _ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building( ) 4 The key _ on the table when I leave. A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left( ) 5 Doctors _ in every part of the world. A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need( ) 6 His new book_ next month. A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published3( ) 1 Japanese _ in every country. A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( ) 2 These papers_yet. A. have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written( ) 3 The sports meet _ be held until next week. A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt4( ) 1 -My shoes are worn out. A. Cant they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it. C. How much do they cost? D. Cant they mended?( ) 2 _ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it. A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are( ) 3 _ these desks be needed? A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do5( ) 1 Why _ to talk about it yesterday? A. didnt a meeting hold B. wasnt a meeting held C. wasnt held a meeting D. a meeting wasnt held( ) 2 Who was the book_? A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by( ) 3 Where _ these boxes made? A. was B. were C. is D. am6( ) 1 The flowers_often. A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water( ) 2 The books may_ for two weeks. A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow( ) 3 The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith. A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended7( ) 1 The old bridge in my hometown_ next month. A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt C. are going to be rebuiltD. are going to rebuilt( ) 2 The play _ at the theatre next Sunday. A. is going to be shown B. will shownC. will show D. is shown( ) 3 The old stone bridge _ next week. A. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild8( ) 1 Now these magazines_ in the library for a long time. A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept( ) 2 The pot _ for _ hot water. A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep( ) 3 Tea _ in the south of China. A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow( ) 4 The bridges_ two years ago. WOW Its a Haidian top problem A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built( ) 5 Wet clothes are often _ up near a fire in rainy weather. A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung9( ) 1 The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty things into it. A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing( ) 2 The teapot _ water. A. is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled( ) 3 Old people must be looked fter well and _ politely. A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to( ) 4 Old people must _. A. look after well B. be looked well after C. looked well after D. be looked after well10( ) 1 Newly-born babies_in hospital. A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of C. take good care of D. take good care( ) 2 They were_ at the sudden noise. A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens( ) 3 These walls_stone. A. are made of B. made of u C. are made into D. made into11( ) 1 Jane _ to sing us an American song last Saturday. A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said( ) 2 The papers _ to them. A. were shown B. show C. shown / D. have shown( ) 3 The coat_her sister. A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D. was made to12( )1 I _ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not. A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given( ) 2 Good care_such things. A. should take of B. should be taken C. should be taking D. should be taken of( ) 3 She will_good care_. A. take; of B. be taken; of C. take; for you D. be taken; of you13( ) 1 The teacher made him_ his homework. A. to do B. do C. did D. done( ) 2 The boy_ streets without pay in the old days. A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to clean D. was made clean( ) 3 These children_dance. A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to14( ) 1 These stones_well. A. are fitted B. fit C. fits D. is fitted( ) 2 The bike _ 500 yuan. A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed( ) 3 The important meeting _ on a cold morning last year. A. washad B. was held C. held D. had15( ) 1 Great changes_ in the past ten years in China. A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place( ) 2 You cant use the computer, it_. A. was broken down B. is wrong C. is bad D. has broken down( ) 3 Great changes_in our country during the past 20 years. A. have happened B. happened C. have been happened D. were happened( ) 4 The watch has often _ down. A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell16( ) 1 Please pass me another cup. This one_. A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken( ) 2 The story books_ by the writer in the 1960s. A. are written B. were written C. are writing D. were writing( ) 3 What time _ the door _ every day? A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. /; close17( ) 1 Can he_himself? A. get dress B. get dressed C. gets dressed D. instead of( ) 2 He fell from his bike and _. A. is hurt B. gets hurt C. got hurt D. hurt( ) 3 Lookout, please keep away from the fire, or your trousers will_ A. burnt B. burn C. burning D. get burn18( ) 1 The apple_very sweet. A. is tasted B. taste -C. tastes D. are tasting( ) 2 You_ more beautiful in the light blue shirt. A. see B. watch C. look D. look at( ) 3 What you said _. like a good idea. A. heard B. listened C. sound D. sounded19( ) 1 -What do you think of the TV play? -Wonderful. It is worth_ a second time. A. watching B. watched C. seen D. seeing( ) 2 Ho