村鎮(zhèn)銀行論文：村鎮(zhèn)銀行 農(nóng)村金融 法律制度 對策.doc

【關(guān)鍵詞】村鎮(zhèn)銀行 農(nóng)村金融 法律制度 對策【英文關(guān)鍵詞】the country bank rural financial legal system Countermeasures村鎮(zhèn)銀行論文：我國村鎮(zhèn)銀行及其完善對策研究【中文摘要】長期以來,我國農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)缺乏有效的金融支持,農(nóng)戶、中小企業(yè)融資困難。為了破解農(nóng)村融資難題,配合我國社會主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)的步伐,一系列農(nóng)村金融改革措施在有條不紊的進(jìn)行。2006年底銀監(jiān)會發(fā)布了農(nóng)村地區(qū)銀行業(yè)金融機(jī)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)入政策,村鎮(zhèn)銀行作為一種新興的銀行業(yè)金融機(jī)構(gòu)開始登上了歷史舞臺。村鎮(zhèn)銀行是農(nóng)村金融創(chuàng)新的結(jié)果,它建立在傳統(tǒng)小額信貸的基礎(chǔ)上,又吸收了傳統(tǒng)商業(yè)銀行的特點(diǎn),具備產(chǎn)權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)多樣,治理結(jié)構(gòu)簡單等多方面優(yōu)勢,加之其得到國家政策的大力扶持,村鎮(zhèn)銀行得到了迅速發(fā)展。但同時我們也應(yīng)該注意,試點(diǎn)以來,村鎮(zhèn)銀行在發(fā)展過程中面臨的各種問題也開始浮現(xiàn)出來,如果無視這些問題,隨著時間的推移,這些問題必將成為影響村鎮(zhèn)銀行發(fā)展的巨大障礙。因此,如何應(yīng)對村鎮(zhèn)銀行在發(fā)展過程中遇到的問題并提出適合村鎮(zhèn)銀行發(fā)展的完善對策,成為值得研究的問題。本文為分五個部分展開：第一部分,概述村鎮(zhèn)銀行的基本問題,包括村鎮(zhèn)銀行的定義、村鎮(zhèn)銀行的特征以及村鎮(zhèn)銀行的法律性質(zhì)。村鎮(zhèn)銀行的特征有資產(chǎn)規(guī)模較小、經(jīng)營范圍特定、產(chǎn)權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)多元、治理結(jié)構(gòu)靈活等等,村鎮(zhèn)銀行的法律性質(zhì)既不是政策性銀行,也不是一般意義上的商業(yè)銀行,而是特殊的商業(yè)銀行,將來可定位為中國的社區(qū)銀行；第二部分,簡要介紹了與村鎮(zhèn)銀行有關(guān)的一些基礎(chǔ)理論,包括交易費(fèi)用理論、非對稱信息理論、弱勢群體理論、金融創(chuàng)新理論和金融發(fā)展權(quán)理論等；第三部分,主要是對目前村鎮(zhèn)銀行獲得的成就以及存在的問題進(jìn)行分析,為之后法律對策的思考指明方向；第四部分,主要通過對國外類似金融機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行比較分析,歸結(jié)社區(qū)銀行、鄉(xiāng)村銀行等的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn),得到如何更好地發(fā)展我國村鎮(zhèn)銀行的啟示；第五部分,在結(jié)合上文論述和研究的基礎(chǔ)上提出完善我國村鎮(zhèn)銀行法律制度的對策,主要從滿足村鎮(zhèn)銀行營利性要求、完善村鎮(zhèn)銀行法律監(jiān)管和防范村鎮(zhèn)銀行貸款風(fēng)險三個方面展開論述?！居⑽恼縊ur country rural economic has been devoid of effective financial support for a long time, farmers, small and medium-sized enterprise in face of financing difficulties. In order to break up the rural financing problems, with the pace of building a new socialist countryside, a series of rural financial reforming measures have been carried out in an orderly way. By the end of2006the banking regulatory commission issued a rural banking financial institutions admittance policy, our country bank begin to land on the stage of history as a new banking financial institutions. The country bank is the result of rural financial innovation, it is based on the traditional microfinance, and absorded the features of the traditional commercial banks. It has some advantages such as diversiform property right structure、simple governance structure and so on.It has developed rapidly with strong support of the national policy. But at the same time, we should also notice that various problems of the country bank begin to emerge in the process of the development. If we ignore these problems, with the passage of time, all these problems will turn into huge obstacles impacting on the development of the country bank. Therefore,It becomes worthy to study that how to deal with the country banks problems encountered in the process of the development and put forward the suitable consummation countermeasures for the development of the country bank.This paper is divided into five aspects:the first part, it summarizes the basic problems of the country bank, including the definition of the country bank, the characteristics of the country bank and the legal nature of the country bank. The features of the country bank include smaller property scale, specific business scope, diversiform property right structure, flexible governance structure and so on. The legal nature of the counry bank is not policy banks and not the commercial banks in general, but the special commercial bank, it can be oriented to the Chinese community banks in the future; The second part, it introduces some basic theories of the country bank briefly, including the transaction cost theory, the asymmetric information theory, the weak group theory, the financial innovation theory and the theory of the right of financial development; The third part, it mainly analyse the achievements and the existing problems of the current country bank for pointing out the thinking direction of the legal countermeasures behind; The fourth part, it mainly summarizes the advanced experience of the community bank and the rural bank by analysing the foreign similar financial institution for the revelation how to develop our country bank better; The fifth part, it put forward the consummation countermeasures of the country bank legal system in combination with discussed and studied above, mainly dissertate from three aspects, meet the profit-making requirements of the country bank, consummate the legal supervision of the country bank and prevent the loan risk of the country bank.【目錄】我國村鎮(zhèn)銀行及其完善對策研究摘要3-4Abstract4-5引言8-11(一) 課題研究的依據(jù)和意義8-91. 選題依據(jù)82. 選題的研究意義8-9(二) 國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀9-10(三) 研究范圍和文章結(jié)構(gòu)10-11一、村鎮(zhèn)銀行概述11-14(一) 村鎮(zhèn)銀行的定義與特征11-12(二) 村鎮(zhèn)銀行的法律性質(zhì)12-14二、村鎮(zhèn)銀行的基礎(chǔ)理論簡介14-16(一) 交易費(fèi)用理論14(二) 非對稱信息理論14(三) 弱勢群體理論14-15(四) 金融創(chuàng)新理論15(五) 金融發(fā)展權(quán)理論15-16三、我國村鎮(zhèn)銀行的成就與問題16-19(一) 我國村鎮(zhèn)銀行的成就16(二) 我國村鎮(zhèn)銀行存在的問題16-191. 股份制優(yōu)勢難發(fā)揮162. 吸儲困難大16-173. 競爭地位低174. 營利壓力大175. 貸款風(fēng)險大17-19四、國外相關(guān)金融機(jī)構(gòu)的啟示19-29(一) 美國社區(qū)銀行19-221. 美國社區(qū)銀行的特征與優(yōu)勢19-202. 美國社區(qū)銀行對我國的啟示20-22(二) 印度農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)22-291. 印度農(nóng)村金融服務(wù)體系與特點(diǎn)22-232. 印度促進(jìn)農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展的主要做法23-253. 印度農(nóng)村金融對我國的啟示25-29五、完善我國村鎮(zhèn)銀行法律制度的對策29-37(一) 滿足村鎮(zhèn)銀行營利性要求29-301. 建立存款保險制度292. 改