二級筆譯樣題.doc

二級筆譯Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英譯漢)This section consists of two parts, Part A - Compulsory Translation and Part B - Choice of Two Translations consisting of two sections Topic 1 and Topic 2. For the passage in Part A and your choice of passages in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into Chinese. Above your translation of Part A, write Compulsory Translation and above your translation from Part B, write Topic 1orTopic 2 and write your translations on the ANSWER SHEET (60 points, 100 minutes).Part A Compulsory Translation (必譯題)（30 points）The Dreadlock DeadlockIn the fall of 1993 Christopher Polk transferred from FedExs hub in Indianapolis to take over a delivery route in Flatbush District, Brooklyn, N.Y. But moving to the countrys largest community of Caribbean and African immigrants only precipitated a far more profound journey. I was becoming culturally aware of the history of the black people, says Polk, now 31, and that gave me these spiritual questions. His answer came providentially, by way of a music video featuring Lord Jamal, who raps about the Rastafarian belief in the sanctity of dreadlocks - the cords of permanently interlocked strands first worn by African chiefs perhaps 6,000 years ago.Now a practicing Rastafarian, Polk sports thick garlands that gently cascade onto his shoulders. Your hair is your covenant, he says. Once you grow your locks, it puts you on a path.Unfortunately, that path was a collision course with Federal Expresss grooming policy, which requires men to confine their dos to a reasonable style. After years of deliberation, Polks bosses gave him a choice: shear his locksorbe transferred to a lower-paid job with no customer contact. He refused both options and was terminated in June 2000.His tale is not unique. Although Rastafarians number about 5,000 nationally, today dreadlocks, twistsorbraids are at the height of fashion, nearly as common as Afros were 30 years ago. If Afros symbolized militancy, dreads signal a more spiritual self-declaration, a figurative locking with African ancestors. As Stanford professor Kennell Jackson, who teaches a course called African Coiffures and Their New World Legacies, puts it, Theres a divinity to these locks.Divineornot, some employers consider them unacceptably outr. Six other New York-area FedEx employees have lost their jobs because of dreadlocks. They have sued, alleging religious discrimination; the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and New Yorks attorney general have also charged FedEx with violating religious protections in the Civil Rights Act.The dreadlock deadlock may be easing. FedEx altered its policy slightly a few weeks ago: in the future, observant employees who seek a waiver may wear their locks tucked under uniform hats, says a company spokeswoman. The concession isnt enough to settle the lawsuits yet. The EEOC also wants reinstatement for the fired drivers, says trial attorney Michael Ranis. Hes optimistic. Some new styles, he knows, grow more appealing over time.Part B Choice of Two Translations (二選一題)（30 points）Topic 1 (選題一)Eurasians: The New Face of AsiaFusion is in, not only as an abstract fashion concept, but in that most grounded of realities: mixed-blood people who walk, talk, and produce even more multiracial progeny. Most strange of all, these hybrids are finding themselves hailed as role models for vast masses in Asia with no mixed blood at all. When I think of Asia, I dont necessarily think of people who look like me, says Declan Wong, a Chinese-Dutch-American actor and producer, But somehow weve become the face that sells the new Asia.So maybe Asias Eurasian craze is driven by the theories of that whitest of white men, economist Adam Smith. As the world gets smaller, we look for a global marketing mien, a one-size-fits-all face that helps us sell Nokia cell phones and Palmolive shampoo across the world.For any business, you cant think locally anymore, says Paul Lau, general manager at Elite Model Management in Hong Kong, who has built up a stable of Eurasians for his internationally minded clients. At the very least, you need to think regionally. Ideally, you should think globally. A global image helps sell products, even if no one but Filipinos would ever want to buy duck-fetus eggsorThais the most pungent variety of shrimp paste. Yanto Zainal, president of Macs909, a boutique ad agency in Jakarta, used all indos for a campaign for the local Matahari department store chain. The store wanted to promote a more cosmopolitan image, he says. Indos have an international look but can still be accepted as Indonesian.Channel V, the Asia-wide music television channel, was one of the first to broadcast the message of homogenized hybridism. We needed a messenger that would fit in from Tokyo to the Middle East. Says Jonnifer Seeto, regional sales marketing manager for the channel, which began beaming its border-busting images in 1994. Star Veejay Asha Gill personifies the global look. When asked what her ethnic heritage is, Gill, a Malaysian citizen, simply shrugs. Oh, who knows, she says. Im half Punjabi, mixed with some English, a little French and dribs and drabs of God knows what else. The 29-year-old speaks crisp British English, fluent Malay, and a smidgen of Punjabi. She grew up in a Kuala Lumpur neighborhood that was mostly Chinese, attended an English-speaking school and was pals with Malay and Indian kids. Gills Channel V show, broadcast in English, has a strong following in Malaysia, Japan and the United Arab Emirates. Im Hitlers worst nightmare, she says. My ethnicity and profession make me a global person who cant be defined in just one category.Topic 2 (選題二)MatterLook at all the things around us: chairs, desks, cupboards, papers and pens in our classroom; motor cars, bicycles and buses in the streets; trees, plants and animals in the countryside; birds, aeroplanes and clouds in the sky; fishes, seaweeds and corals in the sea; stars, the moon and the sun in outer space. These and all other things including the human body, are examples of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space and has weight.What is Matter Made of?Since ancient times, learned menorphilosophers have thought about matter and what it is made up of. One group of philosophers thought that matter was made up of a substance called hyle (實質(zhì)). Another group of philosophers said that matter was made up of four substances, namely earth, water, air and fire. A third group believed that matter was made up of very tiny particles which were too small to be seen. These particles were so small that they could never be further divided into smaller particles. They gave the particles the name atoms which means those which cannot be divided. The difference between the various kinds of atoms and the ways in which they were joined were supposed to result in the different kinds of matter.All these ideas arose purely from the mind and were not based on investigation. For many years, people believed in the second idea. But actually it is the third idea that is nearer to our present concept of matter.Daltons Atomic TheoryIn the early nineteenth century, Dalton, an English school teacher, stated in this atomic theory that matter was made up of tiny, indivisible particles, which he also called atoms. His laboratory work showed him that atoms could neither be divided into smaller parts nor could they be destroyed. He pictured matter as being made up of tiny solid spherical atoms. Today the idea of the atoms has been accepted. But further work has shown that contrary to Daltons findings, atoms are made up of even smaller particles.Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (漢譯英)This section consists of two parts, Part A - Compulsory Translation and Part B - Choice of Two Translations consisting of two sections Topic 1 and Topic 2. For the passage in Part A and your choice of passages in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into English. Above your translation of Part A, write Compulsory Translation and above your translation from Part B, write Topic 1orTopic 2 and write your translations on the ANSWER SHEET (40 points, 80 minutes).Part A Compulsory Translation (必譯題)（20 points）中國政府高度重視人口與發(fā)展問題，將人口與發(fā)展問題作為國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展總體規(guī)劃的重要組成部分列入議事日程，始終強調(diào)人口增長與經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展相適應(yīng)，與資源利用和環(huán)境保護相協(xié)調(diào)。二十世紀九十年代以來，中央政府每年召開一次關(guān)于人口與發(fā)展問題的座談會，研究分析重大問題，制定重大決策和措施。國家組織、協(xié)調(diào)有關(guān)部門和群眾團體共同實施人口與計劃生育方案，將計劃生育與發(fā)展經(jīng)濟、消除貧困、保護生態(tài)環(huán)境、合理利用資源、普及文化教育、發(fā)展衛(wèi)生事業(yè)、完善社會保障、提高婦女地位等緊密結(jié)合起來，努力從根本上解決中國的人口與發(fā)展問題。Part B Choice of Two Translations (二選一題) （20 points）Topic 1 (選題一)中國畫中國畫與中醫(yī)、京劇在一起，被譽為中國的三大國粹。按內(nèi)容分，主要有人物畫、山水畫、花鳥畫三大類。戰(zhàn)國時，中國就以有比較成熟的人物畫，唐代達到頂峰。著名的人物畫家有顧愷之、吳道子等。山水畫產(chǎn)生于秦代，宋代達到很高水平。著名的山水畫家有唐代李思訓(xùn)、王維和明代唐寅等?；B畫畫的是自然界中的花卉、鳥獸、魚蟲。南北朝時出現(xiàn)了花鳥畫，宋代走向成熟。著名花鳥畫家有擅長畫花鳥的朱耷，擅長畫竹子的鄭燮、擅長畫魚蝦的齊白石。按畫法分，中國畫主要有工筆畫和寫意畫。工筆畫的特點是按照事物原來的樣子，一筆一筆畫得非常細致，尤其注重細節(jié)的描繪；寫意畫是一種夸張的畫法，要求用簡單的筆墨畫出事物的神韻，雖然筆墨簡單，但意趣生動，表現(xiàn)力很強。Topic 2 (選題二)中國航天事業(yè)的宗旨與原則中國航天事業(yè)的發(fā)展宗旨是：探索外層空間，擴展對宇宙和地球的認識；和平利用外層空間，促進人類文明和社會發(fā)展，造福全人類；滿足經(jīng)濟建設(shè)、國家安全、科技發(fā)展和社會進步等方面日益增長的需要，維護國家利益，增強綜合國力。中國航天事業(yè)的發(fā)展原則是：堅持長期、穩(wěn)定、持續(xù)的發(fā)展方針，使航天事業(yè)的發(fā)展服從和服務(wù)于國家整體發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略；堅持獨立自主、自力更生、自主創(chuàng)新，積極推進國家交流與合作；根據(jù)國情和國力，選擇有限目標，重點突破；提高航天活動的社會效益和經(jīng)濟效益，重視技術(shù)進步的推動力；堅持統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃、遠近結(jié)合、天地結(jié)合、協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。 三級筆譯Part 1 English-Chinese Translation (英譯漢) Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET (60 points, 100 minutes).I leave the vault, and as the guard closes the door, a marine archaeologist asks if I want to see anything else. As an example he shows me an astrolabe, a navigation tool that preceded the sextant. Few have survived. We have three of the oldest known, he says. He directs me to a paper on astrolabes written by a Cuban colleague, who quoted a 16th-century instruction: He who wants to take the sun with an astrolabe at sea, must be seated near the main mast, the place where the boat oscillates the least and is quiet.I want to take the measure of Cubas past, so I tell the archaeologist I would like to go to the place where the plain things are. I am here not only to see treasures that glitter but also to see and touch objects that illumine moments of the past. Smiling, he takes me into storage rooms where he and other archaeologists preserve cargoes from four centuries of wrecks. Jumbled on these shelves is the stuff of Cubas long reign as counting house and command center for Spains New World colonies.I see knickknacks destined for one of the annual 18th-century trade fairs, where Cubans bought imports from Spain. I also see, pallid from centuries in the sea, dozens of little painted ceramic dogs, lions, cats, and deer later shipped from England. Stacked nearby are sets of dinner dishes, tankards, an hourglass, a bottle of very Old Spanish wine.On another day, in fading light, I walk the ramparts of El Morro, its lighthouse standing tall over Havanas harbor. The old fortress, by day a warren of tourist stops, changes by night, looming deeper into the shadows of Havanas past. As torches light the darkness, I watch Cuban soldiers, costumed as 18th-century Spanish sentries, march along the ramparts of the Castillo de San Carlos and fire a cannon that salutes the end of day. In Spanish times the cannon signaled the closing of the city gates and the drawing of a great chain across the harbor. Now the nightly ritual keeps open the sea-lane of memory between colonial past and present nationhood.Near the waterfront of Old Havana stands the Palace of the Captains General. Once the headquarters of the Spanish bureaucracy that governed Cuba, the palace now is the Museum of the city. Light and shadow play along its walls