講座聽力 1- 試題、文本、譯文

Model Test 1 section C 16. A. lords vassals and fiefs B. warriors lords and vassals. C. king, vassals and fiefs. D. king, lords, warriors17. A. a person who acts as counselors B. a person who owns land C. a person who guarrantees the scurity D. a person who governs the country18. A. they would lend their lands to the vassals B. they would ask the vassals to help make decisions C. they would provide suggestions to their superiors D. they would harvest crops from their lands 19. A. the lord B. the vassal C. the ariscrat D.the emperor20. A. the seasons in the city B. the popular activities in the city C. the scenic spots of the city D. the temperature of the city 21. A. around 29 degrees B. around 40 degrees C. around 10 degrees D. around 30 degrees 22. A. go on picnics and play outdoor games B. go hiking, fishing, and campingC. clean up their yards and gardens D. go to the park and fly kites 23. A. Coca-cola B. MacDonalds C. Disney D. Mickey mouse 24. A. his ability to draw particulary well B. his insight and management ability C. his ability to identify with the audiences D. his ability to creat new things 25. A. he made films to train American sodiers B. he worked for the FBI as a mole C. he was a role model to the filmmakers D. he entertained the world all his life ABBD ACB CCAGood morning, class. Today we are going to start a big unit on government. Before the rise of the nation-state and absolute monarchies, Europe went through a period known as feudalism. Like our concept of democracy, feudalism had many forms and varied by location and time period.Lets see, feudalism originated by mixing Roman law with Germanic tradition. The Germanic warriors that lived about 3,000 years ago had a tradition of electing a supreme warrior as leader. After battles, he would collect all of the spoils and distribute them fairly among all the warriors. The term feudalism is defined by three principle terms: They are lords, vassals, and fiefs.Okay, a lord, in feudalism, is a person that owns land. He temporarily gives this land to another person, called a vassal. The vassal enters this contract so he may gain the land. Land sizes varied, from the size of a small farm, to huge counties. The vassal gained the revenues generated by the land, usually in the form of fanning products.What did the lord get? At this time, there were no standing armies. There were no professional soldiers. The vassal swore allegiance to the lord. In times of trouble, the lord could call upon the vassal to fight for the lord. This guaranteed the security of the lord.Other details were often included in feudal deals. For example, since the lord still owned the land and merely lent the land to the vassal, the lord still had to maintain the land and defend it. The vassal, many times, would be required to grind his wheat and bake his bread in the ovens and mills owned by the lord, who then could collect taxes.Umm, oh, yes, the vassals also acted as counselors to the lord. During times of crisis, the lords would often hold meetings, calling together all the vassals to help them decide major decisions, such as to go to war or not.Ah, lastly, feudalism had many levels. What I mean is, a king could be a lord, giving aristocrats large lands, who then became his vassals. Those aristocrats were lords themselves, dividing up their land to lesser vassals. The top of this hierarchy was the emperor, who was the lord to his vassal kings.Feudalism declined when lords became strong enough to maintain a standing army and did not require the services of their vassals.1. What are the three terms that define feudalism? 2. What is a lord in feudalism?3. During times of crisis, what would the lord do?4. Who is at the top of the hierarchy in feudalism? 同學(xué)們大家早上好。今天我們要開始學(xué)習(xí)一個(gè)全新的單元，這個(gè)單元講的是政府。在單一民族國家和君主專制政體出現(xiàn)之前，歐洲經(jīng)歷了一段封建社會(huì)時(shí)期。和我們熟知的民主的概念類似，封建主義同樣在不同時(shí)期、不同地區(qū)以多種形式存在。我們來看一下，西歐封建制度最初是通過羅馬封建制度和日耳曼社會(huì)傳統(tǒng)融合而形成的。生活在3000年前的日耳曼戰(zhàn)士的傳統(tǒng)是將他們當(dāng)中最強(qiáng)的戰(zhàn)士選為領(lǐng)袖。戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束后，這位領(lǐng)袖會(huì)收集所有的戰(zhàn)利品并將其平均分發(fā)給所有的戰(zhàn)士。封建制度是由三個(gè)基本的名詞來定義的：封建領(lǐng)主、封臣和封地。好的，封建領(lǐng)主是擁有土地的人。他把自己的土地暫時(shí)性地交給另外一個(gè)人，即封臣。封臣接受這樣的契約關(guān)系以期獲得封地。封地面積大小不一，小到一個(gè)小型農(nóng)場，大到囊括幾個(gè)郡。封臣的收入通常是他們封地中收獲的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。那領(lǐng)主能得到什么呢？在這個(gè)時(shí)期，沒有常備軍隊(duì)。沒有職業(yè)軍人。封臣發(fā)誓效忠領(lǐng)主。戰(zhàn)亂時(shí)期，領(lǐng)主可以召集封臣為其赴戰(zhàn)。這樣領(lǐng)主的安全便有了保障。封建契約中還包括一些其他細(xì)節(jié)。比如，由于領(lǐng)主只是將土地借給封臣，他們?nèi)哉莆罩恋氐乃袡?quán)，因此他們?nèi)孕杈S護(hù)這些土地。多數(shù)情況下，封臣需要在領(lǐng)主的磨坊磨小麥、用領(lǐng)主的烤箱烤面包，這樣領(lǐng)主就可以對(duì)他們征稅。哦，還有，封臣們還擔(dān)任這領(lǐng)主顧問的角色。危機(jī)時(shí)刻，領(lǐng)主會(huì)召集會(huì)議，聚集封臣幫助其作出決定，比如是否要開戰(zhàn)的決定。啊，最后，封建制度中存在著很多等級(jí)。我的意思是，國王可以是領(lǐng)主，將大量土地分封給貴族，貴族便成為了他們的封臣。貴族本身又是領(lǐng)主，將自己的封地分給低一級(jí)的封臣。這個(gè)等級(jí)制度的最頂端是君主，他是封臣們領(lǐng)主的領(lǐng)主。領(lǐng)主的實(shí)力逐漸壯大，足以維持常備軍隊(duì)，不再需要封臣的服務(wù)，這時(shí)封建制度就沒落了。16.定義封建制度的三個(gè)名詞是什么？17.封建制度中領(lǐng)主是什么？18.危機(jī)時(shí)刻，領(lǐng)主會(huì)怎么做？19.封建等級(jí)制度的頂端是誰？Hello, everyone. Have you ever wondered what the weather is like in other places around the world? Today, Id like to talk to you about the changing seasons in my city which was the assigned topic for this class.First of all, the winter season usually begins in December and ends in early March. The coldest month is January, and temperatures can drop below freezing for most of this month. The city usually averages about 30 inches of snow during this entire, 3-month period. Occasionally, we have snow storms that can drop a foot of snow in a very short period of time. Winter activities during this season include sledding, skiing, and snowshoeing.Spring usually arrives in late March, and the temperatures hover around 10 degrees during the day. It is a beautiful season because the flowers start to bloom. It is also sometimes windy, and this is great for flying kites. People in my city often like to go on picnics, stroll through the parks, and play outdoor games.Next, summer starts in June, as temperatures slowly rise to around 29 degrees. The summer in my city is very dry with little rain throughout the season, and temperatures can soar above 40 degrees in August. Fortunately, the weather is very dry with low humidity, so it is pleasant even on hot days. Popular activities during this season include hiking, fishing, camping, water skiing, and outdoor sports such as football and soccer.And finally, summer changes to fall in late September when the weather cools off, and the trees begin to change colors. A lot of people enjoy driving into the mountains and viewing the fall colors. It is also a time when people clean up their yards and gardens in preparation for the winter season.So, as you can see, my city has a lot to offer no matter when you visit this area.What is the topic in this talk?What are the temperatures during the spring in the speakers city? What do people do in the summers? 大家好。你有沒有想過在世界上其他地方的天氣如何？今天我想說一說我所居住的城市的季節(jié)變化，這是我們這節(jié)課的指定話題。首先，冬季通常從12月開始3月初結(jié)束。1月是最冷的月份，這個(gè)月里溫度大部分時(shí)間會(huì)降到冰點(diǎn)以下。在冬季的這三個(gè)月里，我們城市地面通常會(huì)覆蓋平均大約30英寸厚的積雪。偶爾遇到暴風(fēng)雪的天氣，積雪可能在很短的時(shí)間內(nèi)就達(dá)到一英尺厚。冬季活動(dòng)項(xiàng)目包括玩雪橇、滑雪和穿著雪鞋雪中漫步。春天通常在三月末開始，白天的溫度大概停留在10攝氏度以上。這是一個(gè)美麗的季節(jié)，因?yàn)檫@時(shí)花開始開放。春天有時(shí)候會(huì)多風(fēng)，適合放風(fēng)箏。城市中的人們通常喜歡在這時(shí)去野餐、到公園散步或者到戶外玩耍。接下來是夏天，從六月份開始，溫度逐漸上升到29攝氏度左右。我們城市的夏天通常有些干燥少雨，八月份溫度會(huì)猛漲至40攝氏度以上。幸運(yùn)的是，天氣比較干爽，濕度較低，所以即使天氣很熱也較宜人。這個(gè)季節(jié)流行的活動(dòng)包括遠(yuǎn)足、垂釣、野營、劃水以及戶外體育運(yùn)動(dòng)比如足球和橄欖球。最后，9月末夏天轉(zhuǎn)為秋天，天氣涼爽起來，樹木顏色開始發(fā)生變化。很多人喜歡開車到山區(qū)去欣賞秋色。人們也在這是開始清理庭院和花園準(zhǔn)備過冬。所以，正如你所見，無論你何時(shí)來參觀我們的城市這里都能提供很多樂趣。20.演講的話題是什么？21.演講者生活的城市春天氣溫是多少？22.演講者生活的城市的人們?cè)谙奶焱ǔＷ鍪裁?？Predicting the future is always risky. But its probably safe to say that at least a few historians will one day speak of the 20th century as Americas Disney era. Today, its certainly difficult to think of any other single thing that represents modern America as powerfully as the company that created Mickey Mouse. Globally, brands like Coca-Cola and McDonalds may be more widely-known, but neither represents 20th-century America in quite the same way as Disney.The reasons for Disneys success are varied and numerous, but ultimately the credit belongs to one personthe man who created the cartoon and built the company from nothing, Walt Disney. Ironically, he could not draw particularly well. But he was a genius in plenty of other respects. In business, his greatest skills were his insight and his management ability. But what really distinguished Disney was his ability to identify with his audiences. Disney always made sure his films championed the little guy, and made him feel proud to be American. This was achieved by creating characters that reflected the hopes and fears of ordinary people.Disneys another great virtue was the fact that his companyunlike other big corporationshad a human face. He was also regarded as a great patriot because not only did his cartoons celebrate America, but, during World War II, studios made training films for American soldiers. The reality, of course, was less idyllic. As the public would later learn, Disneys patriotism had an unpleasant side. He agreed to work for the FBI as a mole, identifying and spying on colleagues whom he suspected.By the time he died in 1966, Walt Disney was an icon like Thomas Edison and the Wright Brothers. To business people and filmmakers, he was a role model; to the public at large, he wa