2013高考英語(yǔ)(書(shū)面表達(dá))限時(shí)訓(xùn)練談獲得高分的高考英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá).doc

2013高考英語(yǔ)（書(shū)面表達(dá)）限時(shí)訓(xùn)練（7）談獲得高分的高考英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)第二節(jié) 書(shū)面表達(dá)（滿(mǎn)分25分）請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下圖表和提示寫(xiě)一篇關(guān)于我國(guó)手機(jī)擁有量變化的報(bào)道，并闡述手機(jī)給人們生活帶來(lái)的利和弊。1. 方便，可以隨時(shí)隨地互相聯(lián)系；2. 許多功能滿(mǎn)足不同要求，如發(fā)短信，上網(wǎng)等。3. 有時(shí)接到打錯(cuò)了的電話(huà)并為之付費(fèi)；4. 電磁中輻射有害健康；注意：1. 100字左右2. 開(kāi)頭已為你寫(xiě)好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)3. 參考詞匯：短信short message 上網(wǎng)surf the Internet 電磁輻射radiation As can be seen from the chart , great changes have been taking place in the ownership of mobile phones in China . As can be seen from the chart , great changes have been taking place in the ownership of mobile phones in China .At the end of 2002 , there were 20 million mobile phones . By year 2005 , the number will reach up to 30 million .People have found mobile phones very convenient . They can get in touch with each other whenever and wherever they like . There are many different functions for different needs , such as sending short messages and surfing the internet . However it may also bring us some trouble . For example , you will have to pay for a wrong number and the radiation from the phone may do harm to our health. In spite of this , the number of people having mobile phones is still increasing steadily .*結(jié)束 新頒行的普通高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(實(shí)驗(yàn)稿)明確指出,寫(xiě)作教學(xué)的目的是通過(guò)對(duì)學(xué)生激活靈感、激發(fā)興趣、整理思路、組織素材、規(guī)劃結(jié)構(gòu)、遣詞造句等基本寫(xiě)作技能的培養(yǎng),使他們能表達(dá)事實(shí)、觀點(diǎn)、情感、想象力、交流信息,培養(yǎng)規(guī)范的寫(xiě)作習(xí)慣.。與以往的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱中規(guī)定的能在日常生活中,寫(xiě)簡(jiǎn)單的書(shū)信和通知,書(shū)寫(xiě)格式和行文,以及詞語(yǔ)無(wú)嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤的要求相比,新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的寫(xiě)作要求提高了一個(gè)新的層次,更加突出了對(duì)謀篇布局,遣詞造句,情感表達(dá)的要求。本文依據(jù)新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)寫(xiě)作提出的新要求,并結(jié)合實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn),談?wù)劔@得高分的高考英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)五大特性:一、條理性條理性是指要合理布局文章結(jié)構(gòu),首先,在文章思路、組織材料、敘述順序等方面要有一定的條理性。例如:題目要求寫(xiě)一篇敘述文,可以按照事情發(fā)展的先后順序來(lái)寫(xiě),若介紹某一場(chǎng)所,可按照空間順序來(lái)安排行文順序;若是一篇議論文,就應(yīng)該按照所議論觀點(diǎn)順序來(lái)安排結(jié)構(gòu)。全文結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)注意首尾呼應(yīng),前后相聯(lián)。其次,根據(jù)需要安排好段落,各段之間要層次分明,每一段落的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾也要重視,開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)往往是總起句,結(jié)尾往往是總結(jié)句。例如:2001年高考英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)范文:Dear Dick,How nice to hear from you again. You want to know what is going on in schools in China? In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce the learning load. I dont know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. Now I have more free time, I can follow my own interests such as reading books, visiting museums, and taking computer lessons. In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers. Whats more, I can go to bed earlier. As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.Li Hua二、準(zhǔn)確性準(zhǔn)確性是指要求寫(xiě)出語(yǔ)法正確的句子,包括時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、用詞和句法等,但是不少考生由于受漢語(yǔ)思維習(xí)慣的影響,在寫(xiě)作時(shí)自覺(jué)不自覺(jué)地產(chǎn)生不規(guī)范的表達(dá)。要做到準(zhǔn)確、地道地表達(dá)文章,首先必須要牢記掌握一些常用句型或習(xí)慣表達(dá),避免中文式英語(yǔ),在實(shí)踐中不斷總結(jié)中英表達(dá)差異,養(yǎng)成用英語(yǔ)思維寫(xiě)作的習(xí)慣。試體會(huì)下面句子漢英表達(dá)上的差異。(1)我等待著你的到來(lái)。錯(cuò)誤或失誤:Im waiting for you to come.修改意見(jiàn):Im looking forward to your arrival.(2)現(xiàn)在我詳細(xì)地給你介紹屋子的情況。錯(cuò)誤或失誤:Now I am going to introduce the room to you carefully.修改意見(jiàn):Now I am going to give you a detailed description of the room.(3)工人們熱烈歡迎我們來(lái)參觀農(nóng)場(chǎng)。錯(cuò)誤或失誤:The worker welcomed us to visit the farm.修改意見(jiàn):The worker gave us a warm welcome.(N其次,要多讀多背,在精讀中汲取營(yíng)養(yǎng),對(duì)于好的句子最好背誦下來(lái),適時(shí)用于寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練中。其中,英語(yǔ)中的一些常識(shí)性語(yǔ)句就是非常典型的背誦材料。如:在寫(xiě)通知時(shí),開(kāi)頭語(yǔ):Attention, please. / May I have your attention, please? / Ill have an announcement to make.結(jié)尾語(yǔ):Dont forget the time and the address. / Im sure youll have a lot of fun. / Thats all, thank you.在寫(xiě)參觀歡迎詞時(shí),開(kāi)頭語(yǔ):Welcome to our city. / Now let me tell you something about our school.結(jié)尾語(yǔ):Im sure youll have a good trip. Thats all. Thank you.寫(xiě)信時(shí),開(kāi)頭語(yǔ):I am glad to hear from you. / Im writing to tell you somethingabout. / How are you getting along with your studies? / I really dont know how to thank you for your.結(jié)尾語(yǔ):Please give my best regards to. / Im looking forward to hearing from you soon. / Remember me to your parents等。正確牢記這些慣用語(yǔ),無(wú)疑可以增添句子表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確性,減少不必要的錯(cuò)誤,從而提高書(shū)面表達(dá)的檔次。三、流暢性流暢性是指根據(jù)整篇文章意思的需要,有效采用不同的連接手段,以使文章層次清晰,行文連貫。關(guān)聯(lián)詞就是常用的連接手段之一:1.表示平行、對(duì)等或選擇關(guān)系and, both.and, as well as, neither. nor, also, not only.but also2.表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系but, yet, however, nevertheless, in spite of, although, otherwise, while3.表示對(duì)比關(guān)系on the contrary, instead of, on the other hand, just like, unlike4.表示因果關(guān)系so, for, therefore, as a result, because, owing to, due to, thanks to, on account of5.表示時(shí)間、順序關(guān)系shortly after, first, second., then, next, finally, for one thing, for another thing, in the end, eventually6.表示遞進(jìn)、強(qiáng)調(diào)關(guān)系besides, furthermore, whats more, in addition, moreover, worse still, above all, to make matters worse7.表示解釋、說(shuō)明關(guān)系namely, actually, such as, for example, instance, that is to say, in other words, and so on, to tell you the truth, according to this8.表示結(jié)論in short, in brief, in a word, in general, as you know, as far as I know, on the whole這些關(guān)聯(lián)詞的恰當(dāng)使用無(wú)疑能使全文過(guò)渡自然,令讀者對(duì)后續(xù)的句子產(chǎn)生心理的期待和準(zhǔn)備,增強(qiáng)句子間的邏輯性和緊湊性四、簡(jiǎn)潔多樣性簡(jiǎn)潔性就是做到語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔,不重復(fù)。多樣性就是能隨情景內(nèi)容的變化寫(xiě)出句式多樣的語(yǔ)句。新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中寫(xiě)作的評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),強(qiáng)調(diào)了語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的能力:語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯要豐富。因此,在確保行文準(zhǔn)確流暢的前提下,需要文字清新簡(jiǎn)潔,語(yǔ)句靈活多變,使文章的語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)更加豐富多彩。我們可以采用以下幾種方式:1.合理利用介詞或名詞代替動(dòng)詞,能有效降低句子的復(fù)雜性,在令句子通順自然的同時(shí),也能減少語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。試體會(huì)下面黑體部分被括號(hào)內(nèi)詞語(yǔ)替代后的效果。(1)The flat has an area of 25 square metres and there is a bedroom, a bathroom, and a kitchen. (with)(2)I was pleased to hear from you and am writing to tell you something that has taken place in our school. (about)(3)I have a surprise to give you. (for)2.使用短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)簡(jiǎn)化從句或合并短句。常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)有介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞短語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、同位語(yǔ)等結(jié)構(gòu)。(1) The young man pointed to a policeman not far away and said,He stopped us an hour ago and told us to catch the offender.修改意見(jiàn):Pointing to a policeman not far away, the young man explained, He stopped us an hour ago and told us to catch the offender. (2) My brother was riding the bike and I sat on the seat behind him.修改意見(jiàn):My brother was riding the bike with me sitting on the seat behin3.通過(guò)合句,將意義相關(guān)的幾個(gè)句子,用一定的連接方式連接起來(lái),或通過(guò)緊縮,去掉一些多余的成分可以避免冗長(zhǎng)累贅,松散無(wú)力,使句子凝煉,層次清晰。(1) I was walking along Park Road towards the east. At that time, an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street.修改意見(jiàn):I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street. (2) The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.修改意見(jiàn):The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.(3) I can follow my own interests. I can read books, visit museums and take computer lessons.修改意見(jiàn):I can follow my own interests. Such as reading books, visiting museums and taking computer lesson4.嘗試改變句子的開(kāi)頭方式,不要一味地都是主語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭,接著是謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ),最后再加一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)。要靈活運(yùn)用諸如倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、主從復(fù)合句、分詞狀語(yǔ)等,這樣能增加文章的節(jié)奏和韻律美。(1) We met at the school gate and went there together early in the morning.修改意見(jiàn):Early in the m