高中英語(yǔ)Unit2MORALSANDVIRTUESSectionⅢGrammar——v._ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)教學(xué)案.docx

Section Grammarv.ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)ving形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)ving形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)是本單元的語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容，也是v.ing的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。希望同學(xué)們認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)掌握他們的用法。觀察例句1.her brother complained，thinking of the high tuition fees.2Thinking of all the people still in need of help，Dr Lin opened a private clinic.3The new Peoples Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.歸納用法一、v.ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1(1)v.ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常放在賓語(yǔ)后面，表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)性的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過(guò)程或一種狀態(tài)。When we returned to the school，we found a stranger standing at the entrance.當(dāng)我們回到學(xué)校時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)陌生人站在大門口。I found a bag lying on the ground.我發(fā)現(xiàn)地板上放著一個(gè)包。(2)當(dāng)主句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，原來(lái)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的v.ing形式便轉(zhuǎn)換為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。They found the result very satisfying.The result is found very satisfying.這個(gè)結(jié)果很令人滿意。They heard him singing in the next room.He was heard singing in the next room.有人聽(tīng)到他在隔壁房間唱歌。2能用v.ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的幾類動(dòng)詞：(1)表示感覺(jué)和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，常見(jiàn)的有see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，look at，listen to等。We saw a light burning in the window.我們看見(jiàn)窗戶里有一盞燈在亮著。Can you smell anything burning?你聞見(jiàn)有東西燒著了嗎？(2)表示指使意義的動(dòng)詞，常見(jiàn)的有have，set，keep，get，catch，leave等。Im sorry to have kept you waiting.讓你一直等著我感覺(jué)很抱歉。I cant get the clock going again.我不能讓鐘表再次轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。二、v.ing形式作狀語(yǔ)1現(xiàn)在分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以在句中充當(dāng)讓步、時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、方式、伴隨或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明等狀語(yǔ)。與句子的主語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系(是主動(dòng)的)。Not coming on time, he was punished. Because he didnt come on time，he was punished.(原因)因?yàn)闆](méi)有按時(shí)來(lái)，他受到了懲罰。Reading the book, he nodded from time to time.While he was reading the book，he nodded from time to time.(時(shí)間)讀書(shū)的時(shí)候，他不時(shí)地點(diǎn)頭。Working hard，you will succeed.If you work hard，you will succeed.(條件)努力，你就會(huì)成功。Having failed many times，he didnt lose heart.Though he had failed many times，he didnt lose heart.(讓步)盡管失敗了許多次，他仍然沒(méi)有喪失信心。The teacher stood there，reading a newspaper.The teacher stood there，and read a newspaper.(伴隨，可以轉(zhuǎn)化為一個(gè)并列句)老師站在那兒，讀著報(bào)紙。Please answer the question using another way.(方式)請(qǐng)用另外一種方式回答問(wèn)題。The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks，adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.(補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明)來(lái)訪的部長(zhǎng)表達(dá)了對(duì)談判的認(rèn)可，他還補(bǔ)充說(shuō)他此次來(lái)訪很愉快。His father died，leaving him a lot of money.(結(jié)果)他爸爸去世了，留給他許多錢。2現(xiàn)在分詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式由“not現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。Not knowing where to go，she went to the police for help.不知道要去哪兒，她向警察尋求幫助。Not being seen by anyone，the thief escaped.趁著沒(méi)被任何人看見(jiàn)，小偷逃跑了。Not having done it right，I tried again.第一次沒(méi)做對(duì)，我又嘗試了一次。3現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)(1)一般式：現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式通常表示其動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。She sat there，reading a novel.她坐在那里看小說(shuō)。A little child learning to walk often falls.學(xué)走路的小孩常常跌倒。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式所表示的動(dòng)作通常在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。Having finished her homework，the little girl began to watch TV.做完作業(yè)后，這個(gè)小女孩開(kāi)始看電視。Having lived in Beijing for many years，Carter knew the city well.因?yàn)樵诒本┳×硕嗄?，卡特?duì)這個(gè)城市很熟悉。4現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式表示其邏輯主語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。(1)現(xiàn)在分詞的一般被動(dòng)式。The building being built is our library.正在建的那棟樓是我們的圖書(shū)館。Being repaired，the swimming pool wont open until next month.由于正在被修理，直到下個(gè)月游泳池才會(huì)開(kāi)放。提示being done常作定語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式。Having been warned by the teacher，the students didnt make such mistakes.被老師警告之后，學(xué)生們不再犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤了。Having been told many times，he still did not know how to do it.被教授好多次了，他還是不知道怎么做。提示現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式常作狀語(yǔ)。5一般說(shuō)來(lái)，分詞作狀語(yǔ)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與句子主語(yǔ)一致，但事實(shí)上有少數(shù)例外的情況，少部分動(dòng)詞ing形式可以充當(dāng)獨(dú)立成分，這時(shí)句子主語(yǔ)與其無(wú)任何語(yǔ)法關(guān)系，為固定形式。常見(jiàn)的有：generally/strictly/exactly/honestlyspeaking大體上/嚴(yán)格/準(zhǔn)確/老實(shí)地說(shuō)；judging from/by根據(jù)判斷；considering考慮到；concerning關(guān)于。Generally speaking，women are more patient than men.一般來(lái)說(shuō)，女性比男性更有耐心。即學(xué)即練完成句子1因?yàn)椴焕斫膺@個(gè)問(wèn)題，他問(wèn)了老師。Not understanding this problem，he asked the teacher about it.2中國(guó)又建了很多高速公路，這使人們的出行變得更容易了。More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.3有人看見(jiàn)嫌疑犯進(jìn)入了這座大樓。The suspect was seen entering the building.4他讓燈著了一整晚，這使他父母很生氣。He had the light burning all night，which made his parents very angry.5我不容許你和你父親那樣講話。I wont have you speaking to your dad like that.單句語(yǔ)法填空1I cant imagine Billy riding(ride) a motorbike.2Did you hear the dog downstairs barking(bark) for most of the night?3When I came out of the theatre，I noticed a group of children playing(play) musical instruments across the street.4She sat at the desk doing(do) her homework.5Coming(come) from Jordan，he moves close to ask you a question.6(2019煙臺(tái)一模)I got to the office earlier that day，having caught(catch) the 7：30 train from Paddington.7(2016天津卷)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，making(make) air conditioning unnecessary.8(2016北京卷)Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street，turning(turn) the old town into a dreamland.9(2017天津卷)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，allowing(allow) more patients to be treated.10Judging(judge) from his accent，he is from the south of China.11Having struggled(struggle) with depression，eating disorders and alcohol abuse for years，he now understands how important being healthy is.短文語(yǔ)法填空(2019威海高三模擬)Each year 1.thousands(thousand) of tourists visit the polar regions of the Arctic and Antarctica.But the increasing number of people 2.travelling(travel) to the ends of the Earth can have 3.a negative effect on fragile ecosystems. Should tourists 4.be allowed (allow)to visit polar regions?About 40，000 tourists visit Antarctica each year. More than five million travel to the Arctic and subArctic.5.Transporting(transport) tourists to the regions increases ship and airplane traffic，6.adding(add) to the risk of pollution, oil spoils, and other environmental damage.Because the places where wildlife accessible 7.are(be) few in number, tourist traffic can become concentrated in specific areas，8.putting(put) Arctic vegetation at risk.Others say that the access to these very special parts of the world should not be restricted to only researchers and scientists.