綜合英語教程4 第7單元Time to Stop Excuses for Lateness 課文答案、翻譯等 很全面.docVIP

Unit7 Time to Stop Excuses for Lateness reference T&SUnit7 Time to Stop Excuses for Lateness P1 Listening and Speaking Activities1 BrainstormingExpressions of disciplinary matters at the workplace: Expressions of types of employment:Expressions of recruiting/firing:Expressions of positions/job titles:2 ListeningListening scriptIm a policeman in New York City and my name is John Davy. Ever since I was a young boy Ive always wanted to be a cop .I thought it would be the best job in the world. If I wasnt a cop, I dont think I could be anything else. Of course they tell me Im a good cop. My superiors say Im conscientious, that I have strong sense of justice and fairness and a great respect for the law. To be honest with you, my conscience would bother me if I didnt give 100% and if I didnt try to live up to my ideals. My friends tell me Im too idealistic, too nice and, as the saying goes, nice guys finish last , but my job is to serve the people and I try to do my best.I work with the police departments emergency service patrol in a largely black neighborhood in Brooklyn, New York. Its a rough and dangerous neighborhood, very rough. I admit it hasnt been easy. Since being assigned to the neighborhood, Ive been shot, spit at, and hit with bottles, rocks, sticks, and Molotov Cocktails . Yes, its not easy being a cop in New York City , but Ive been awarded citations for my courage and for my quick thinking and performance in emergency situations.Oh, I could tell you many exciting stories. Once, we set up a net for a potential jumper. A young man was on a ledge 23 stories up from the street. His girlfriend had left him and now he was threatening to jump. We got his girlfriend, his close friend, a priest, his mother to try and talk him out of jumping, but nothing worked. He was going to jump. Then I started to talk to him. I talked as long as I could until I got too close to him. Then he shouted out, Stop right where you are or Ill jump. I backed away. An hour later, with a belt tied around me, with a line my partner held, I jumped from the ledge and came up right in front of the young man and trapped him. I felt what they call job satisfaction. A life has been saved and thats important to me. To me thats success - to do your job and to do it well. No holding back , especially when it means saving a human life.Some people in the neighborhood think cops are the bad guys. They just dont like us. Yeah, we have some bad cops in the department who dont always obey the rules and who sometimes use too much force and injure people. But you know, when someone has been hit by a car and you walk into the crowd standing around dumbfounded and you take charge, telling this person to get a blanket, this one to get some water, and you comfort the injured person; that looks good in front of the crowd. They say, Therere some good cops here. Boy, does that make me feel good. I feel like Im doing my job . I feel like Im helping people. Anyway, its my duty as a cop.Recently, I was again cited for outstanding service and this time was promoted to sergeant. As they say, Im a good cop, and good guys dont always finish last.1. What makes John a good policeman?John likes his job as a cop. He feels its the best job in the world. He is conscientious, has a strong sense of justice and fairness, and respects the law. John exerts himself to the utmost and tries to live up to his ideals. 2. Has Johns job as a policeman been easy and safe?No. Being a policeman in New York is difficult and dangerous. Besides, he works in a rough neighborhood. He has been shot, spit at, and hit with bottles, rocks, sticks, and Molotov Cocktails. Once he risked his life to save a man from jumping off a ledge 23 stories up from the street.3. Why was John awarded citations?John is given awards for his bravery, his quick thinking and performance in emergencies.4. Why dont some people like policemen in Johns district?John admits that there are bad cops on the force, cops who dont always obey the rules and who sometimes use too much force and injure people. 5 Establishing new work ethicMisdemeanors at workWhat can be done?reading newspapers at workno newspaperchatting at work, using MSN to chat with friends during work hours on the company computersupervisionbeing late, procrastination competition, warning, and disciplinebeing rude to customers, neglect, calloustraining absent from duty without permissionsharing stocks/share arrangementplaying computer games at workpunishmentmaking private calls on the company telephone during business hourstelephone lockplaying company politics warning, discipline, fineusing company facilities for private errandswarning, discipline, finetaking company stationary for personal usewarning, discipline, fineP2 Reading Comprehension and Language ActivitiesText Translation別再為遲到找借口哈里貝地每個辦公室總有那么幾個人習慣上班遲到。管理者該如何處理多元文化環(huán)境里的這一問題呢？文化背景不同，時間觀念也大不相同，作為老板，應持何種態(tài)度，是忍氣吞聲還是采取懲罰措施呢？專家告訴我們，西方人和東方人對時間的看法是不同的。從文化角度來說，西方人更多地生活在當前和不遠的將來，而亞洲人卻更多地生活在古老的過去和遙遠的未來。亞洲人盡力避免成為時間的神經質的奴隸。生活在他們看來只是永恒中的匆匆一瞬。他們喜歡旅游所帶來的那種“失重”感，沒有近期目標，也沒有緊急任務。對許多亞洲人來說，生活是一次漫長的旅行。幸福絕對不是一個時間問題。他們喜歡按部就班，不愿來去匆匆。靜觀季節(jié)的變化、兒女的成長也不認為是在虛度光陰。西方人相信幸福就在不遠的前方。多花點時間，多費點金錢，多下點工夫就能達到。尤其是美國人，他們就靠時間緊迫的日程安排和最后期限而生存。但是學究們深思熟慮悟出的這一見解又是如何與上班守時這一問題聯系起來的呢？是否我們應該從這種文化方面的差異得出結論，一些雇員上班拖拖拉拉就是合情合理的？還是說這意味著一個管理者應該忽略守時這一工作守則呢？表面上看來，管理者會不得不對一些文化群體比對另一些文化群體在守時方面更寬容一些，但是這在城市文明中是站不住腳的，它將使人相信此種文化的時間觀念比西方的時間觀念遜色這一學術論調。這便混淆了兩種截然不同的事情：遵守時間和對時間的哲學觀。一個人認為時間是以百年來度量的，并非以秒來計算，這與他每天能夠按時到辦公室上班并無關系。沒有哪一個亞洲雇員會為自己的遲到找一個文化背景方面的借口。他可能會尋找一些更現代化的借口，如交通堵塞、表慢了以及停車麻煩等。這些措辭與西方辦公室人員所用的藉口并無區(qū)別。為什么在亞洲經常以這些借口遲到可以被接受，而在西方這樣一個人卻被認為是不可依靠、不可信賴的呢？問題可能是，在我們亞洲人的社會生活中，對于那些讓我們在市區(qū)約會的地點等候半小時的親友們，我們往往比較寬容。我們不會認為他們不把我們的友誼和親情當回事兒。我們也不會認為他們失禮。更糟糕的是，我們還容許他們用含糊其辭的借口來為自己開脫?？墒牵绾螌Υ鐣钪械哪切┻t到者卻是個人問題。而在現代商業(yè)領域，我們不容許有這種靈活性。如果一個人偶爾一次上班遲到，誰也不會在意。遵守時間不應成為一時的風尚。而在一個辦公環(huán)境中，應該有這樣一種紀律約束的氛圍來使人們遵守時間。即使那些實行彈性工作時間的公司，也會規(guī)定哪些時間雇員必須在辦公室，否則就無法召集各個部門一起開會。一些公司可能會主動改變他們的上下班時間，以使雇員能夠避開交通高峰期。但那并不是說就不再需要守時。一般來說，遲到這一問題只和少數雇員有關。管理者應該試圖通過勸告必要的話可反復教育來改變他們的壞習慣。這并非易事，而且有時還頗需要些耐心。但是，我們也應擺脫那種認為期望別人守時就是不能容忍某種文化的迂腐觀點。這種陳詞濫調應當立即摒棄。Text Organization1 Comprehension workA Probe the story1. According to the scholars, what is the Asian concept of time? Asians live more in the ancient past or in the distant future. They view life as a passing moment and prefer a steady pace.2. How do Westerners view time? Westerners live more in the present and the near future. They always have immediate and urgent objectives to achieve with time-pressing schedules or deadlines.3. What figure of speech does the writer use to illustrate the cultural difference regarding the concept of time? The writer uses a number of metaphors to make his point: neurotic slavery indicates being abnormally bound to tight schedules; the sense of zero gravity refers to the freedom of spending ones time at will; ones life course is compared to a long journey; and the next hill suggests something within reach. 4. Does the writer agree to the claim that unpunctuality is related to a certain cultural outlook? Why? The writer does not agree to the claim. He thinks that whether a person is punctual or not has nothing to do with his cultural outlook, because observance of time and philosophical perception of time are two different things. 5. How do Asians and Westerners react to unpunctuality? Asians tend to be more tolerant of bad punctuality and are more ready to accept a latecomers dubious excuses, while Westerners view bad punctuality as an undesirable practice and believe that it shows that a person is not trustworthy or dependable.6. What is the writers view on punctuality in the business world? The writer thinks that in daily life it is up to an individual whether to be punctual or not, but in an office environment people must respect the keeping of time.7. Should a manager ignore unpunctuality in his/ her office? What, in the writers view, should the manager do? Generally, a manager should not take the academic concept that to require punctuality of his/her employees is intolerant of culture. He or she must strive to break bad habits through repeated counseling. 2 Language workA In other wordsB Work with sentence1. Many people tried their luck in the lottery, though they knew the probability of winning the first prize was once in a blue moon.2. Those who recklessly destroy rainforests should feel guilty for their stupid act.3. The earth has offered all it has to nourish human beings, but they just take the generosity of the planet for granted.4. Goods on sale are not necessarily inferior in quality to those sold at normal prices.5. On the surface, primates are the suitable candidate for xenotransplants, but the same viruses that infect monkeys and apes are very likely to infect humans.6. The host had expected thirty guests but finally more than forty showed up at the party.7. Bad habits are easy to make but difficult to break.8. Experts in education disregard boys assertiveness as the only reason for classroom sexism.C Word study1. a. To many people, skating is just a matter of practice. b. Dealing with these problems is all a matter of experience. c. Success in business is simply a matter of knowing when to grab a chance.2. a. Theres a general feeling that the president has been too tolerant of corruption. b. It seems that people in this town are more tolerant of children in public places. c. It is said that her own mistakes made her very tolerant towards the faults of others. 3. a. The company director claimed such criticism was unwarranted and unjust. b. Such fears are completely unwarranted now. c. The white, male supremacy in the West is totally unwarranted in todays civilized world.4. a. Many young people take their parents love for granted. b. We take it for granted that students should be punctual for class. c. Their relationship had become boring and they started to take each other for granted.5. a. He was guilty of a serious misjudgment. b. Their parents are guilty of gross neglect, abuse and cruelty. c. I saw that I had been guilty of an irreparable blunder.6. a. They made it a habit of having lunch together twice a week. b. Im trying to get him to break the habit of switching on the TV when he comes home at night. c. Some children like to bite their finger nails - a bad habit and very difficult to break.P3 Extended Activities2 Read moreText Translation如何要求你應得的那份！是的，你能夠獲得加薪！卡洛克萊曼在我的事業(yè)剛剛起步的時候，我一直遵守著那條準則-不興風作浪。我獨自一人撫養(yǎng)著三個孩子，擁有一份非常喜歡的工作。我害怕別人注意到我，所以，我默默無聞，只做自己被要求做的事情因而，也錯失了很多完成重要任務的機會。當我最終鼓起勇氣，坦言我的想法時，我的上司都非常吃驚，他們幾乎對我的興趣愛好一無所知。一旦我知道怎樣要求我想得到的，我也獲得了做重要工作的機會。如今，你可不能讓自己看起來是無足輕重的，因為你承擔不起，特別是當你想升職或者要加薪的時候。正象你推銷自己得到了這份工作，現在你必須繼續(xù)推銷自己，使自己成為競爭者。升職的途中，沒有捷徑。接下來，就是我，作為一個專寫就業(yè)問題的專欄作家，根據每天聽到的真實的人生經歷，總結出的幾條行之有效的策略。面對你的恐懼和緊張。倘若你能勝任不同的任務或者你有資格晉升，盡管說出來。曾經有一位酒店的副經理告訴我：“我可以為部門的任何人爭取利益，但是一旦牽涉到我個人的要求，就難以開口?！彼蚨e失了許多升職的機會。你必須花點心思，讓人們知道你多么想為考艾島新建的酒店做貢獻，或者你多么希望成為部門的下一任營業(yè)經理。沒有人會主動給你一份高薪水的工作，除非你讓大家明白那是你所渴望的。成為A級游戲者。升職曾經是自然的事情，然而，現在情況大不相同了倘若表現不好，可能永遠得不到升職的機會。公司青睞的A級游戲者才會得到提拔。這就意味著你必須積極努力。需要時，任勞任怨地加班工作，同時也要對需要完成的其他任務保持警覺。今天，被稱作“工作狂”是一種恭維。十年前，當他的公司想要實行計算機化的時候，人力資源部的一位助理被任命負責這項新工程的一些具體事務。他先前已經有大量的工作要做，而且計算機也不是他的專業(yè)，可是他還是欣然接受了任務，并且學習了與設備相關的所有知識。這位助理協(xié)助公司挑選機器，軟件，后來又負責公司職員的計算機培訓其中包括高級管理人員。今天，他不僅管理計算機，而且還負責辦公室和公司外面的房地產股份。充分利用你的工作總結。在許多公司，只有做過工作匯報的職員才有資格晉升。讓工作總結成為升職的敲門磚。你的經理會在測評之前通知你，然后，你有充分的時間來填寫表格，回答問題，其中包括給自己的工作定級，陳述你的可取之處及對公司的貢獻。同時你也獲得機會來陳述公司的有待改進之處和你的工作目標。倘若在過去的一年里，你幫公司成功地完成了一項工程，如實匯報。倘若你已經長時間工作，或曾經幫助過你的同事或者主動參加過特殊的活動，那么現在該是告訴你老板的時候了。在許多自評表格里，都有一個非常重要的討論題目，那就是“職員的職業(yè)目標”。明確地告訴你的老板并讓他相信你真正想要的東西。制定一個支持計劃?！拔易哌M老板的辦公室，期待著一次輕松愉快的談話。他們告訴我我的薪水會增加3%，明年他們會努力做得更好就這些”一位辦公室經理告訴我，“令人沮喪，但我無能為力?！彼菍Φ模蠖鄶导有蕉际鞘孪葲Q定的。部門經理通常擁有一筆固定的資金用于薪水發(fā)放，倘若你的薪水長了，那就意味著部門中的另一個人的薪水少了。發(fā)放薪水時，通常他們會努力增加報酬過低的職員的薪水，同時，獎勵那些表現非常優(yōu)秀的職員。倘若你的薪水增加的不夠，明確地告訴你的上級你是多么得失望。提醒他由你完成的那個項目給公司帶來了多大的利潤。并且要申請在幾個月后的另一次會議上繼續(xù)討論你的報酬問題，才能知道公司能否給你增加薪水?！拔以詾槲也豢赡苜嵉酶嗟腻X，”一位讀者告訴我說，“我的薪水每年只會增加3%。然而，每次在工作總結里，我都會讓老板知道我對待工作嚴肅認真的態(tài)度和拼搏開拓事業(yè)的雄心壯志?！蔽迥曛螅业玫搅藨械?0%的加薪，而且升職了。給自己升職的機會。倘若多年來你一直不滿意自己報酬的增加幅度，或者說你的報酬已達到公司所能給你的極限，那么是你修改潤色個人履歷，尋找另一份工作的時候了。首先要關注的是公司里的職位。許多人是因為填補了公司的空缺職位而擁有了一份正式的工作。嘗試你感興趣的工作無論你是否完全具備資格?！爱斘疑暾埼宜诘墓纠锏呢攧战浝碇砦恢玫臅r候，每個人都非常吃驚?！币晃粡氖轮圃鞓I(yè)的營銷員說，“我表現很好，但是由于壓力太大，有點精疲力竭。盡管我清楚我的資格不夠，但還是申請了那份工作?！睜I銷員沒有得到那份工作，但是至少管理部門現在注意到了一位積極向上的候選人?！拔颐靼孜倚枰氖谦@得MBA的學位，所以一年之內，我申請參加了公司在附近一所大學舉辦的專門畢業(yè)培訓?！睜I銷員說，“我還在讀學位，而且還是一位營銷員但是我知道當我完成我的計劃的時候，我就是第二匹有可能填補財務部門任何空缺的黑馬?！鄙暾埞_張貼招聘的工作是讓老板知道你擁有重要技能而沒有發(fā)揮的一種方法。抓住每一次遇到的機會，你將會成為不可代替的重要人物，一個沒有必要問你的價值大小的人物。Questions for Comprehension1.the strategies the author recommended people to use when they apply for a position：The author listed five strategies that work best.o Dont be afraid to say you are qualified to do a different job or to move ahead;o Be an A player. The raises go to those the company considers its A players;o Take advantage of performance reviews;o Have a backup plan;o Give yourself a raise, that is, search for a better job. Exercise for words:1. b2. a3. c4. a 5. d6. b7. a8. c 3 Grammar workWhile/As/When . Clausewhen, as, while 和whenever都可以引導時間狀語從句。when 表示具體某個時間，引導的從句的動作可與主句同時發(fā)生或先于主句發(fā)生，可指一段時間也可指一個時間點。when 有一個用法是在主句動作進行過程中，從句動作發(fā)生了。而while只能表示持續(xù)性的動作或狀態(tài)，不能表示一時性或短暫的動作，as表示的從句的動作與主句動作同時發(fā)生，具有延續(xù)含義。as和while可譯為“一邊一邊”、“正當的時候”。whenever指任何一個不具體的時間。1. He entered the room when (while, as) the meeting was going on. （正當，表示一段時間）2. When she comes, I shall tell her to wait for you. （表示一個時間點，不能用while）3. His mother was just coming along to see him when she ran into his classmate John. （when 引導的從句相當于一個由and連接的并列分句，這里只能用when，意為“在那時”）4. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave when something occurred which attracted my attention. (在主句動作進行過程中，從句動作發(fā)生了，這是一種主從關系顛倒的現象)5. They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket. （指任何一個不具體的時間）a. Join the following sentences by using time conjunctions when, while, or as. Make changes if necessary. 1.My mother burnt her fingers while/when/as she was lifting the kettle off the stove. 2.When the dog saw the burglar, it barked and barked until its master woke up.3.The pupils pretended to be hard at work when/as they saw their teacher coming down the corridor.4.When all the gu