研究數(shù)字化變電站技術(shù)中英文翻譯.doc

/ /研究數(shù)字化變電站技術(shù)中英文翻譯Research on digital substation technology in English translation摘 要:本文主要分析了數(shù)字化變電站自動化系統(tǒng)的特征和結(jié)構(gòu),簡要總結(jié)了數(shù)字化變電站應(yīng)用存在的問題,并針對它的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了分析和研究。Abstract: This paper mainly analyzes the characteristics and structure of digital substation integrated automation system, summarizes the existing problems and application of digital substation, based on the development situation of it is analyzed and studied.關(guān)鍵詞:數(shù)字化變電站 自動化 發(fā)展Keywords: Digital Substation Automation Development1、數(shù)字化變電站自動化系統(tǒng)的特征1, the characteristics of digital substation automation system(1)智能化的一次設(shè)備。一次設(shè)備被檢測的信號回路和被控制的操作驅(qū)動回路采用微處理器和光電技術(shù)設(shè)計,簡化了常規(guī)機(jī)電式繼電器及控制回路的結(jié)構(gòu),數(shù)字程控器及數(shù)字公共信號網(wǎng)絡(luò)取代傳統(tǒng)的導(dǎo)線連接。換言之,變電站二次回路中常規(guī)的繼電器及其邏輯回路被可編程序代替,常規(guī)的強(qiáng)電模擬信號和控制電纜被光電數(shù)字和光纖代替。( 1 ) a smart device. A signal circuit device is detected and controlled by microprocessor and operating the drive circuit of photoelectric technology design, simplifies the conventional electromechanical relays and control circuit structure, digital control and digital public signal network to replace the traditional wire connection. In other words, the conventional relay and its logic circuit is programmable instead of substations in the two loop, a conventional electric analog signal and control cables by photoelectric digital and optical fiber instead of.(2)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的二次設(shè)備。變電站內(nèi)常規(guī)的二次設(shè)備,如繼電保護(hù)裝置、防誤閉鎖裝置、測量控制裝置、遠(yuǎn)動裝置、故障錄波裝置、電壓無功控制、同期操作裝置以及正在發(fā)展中的在線狀態(tài)檢測裝置等全部基于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、模塊化的微處理機(jī)設(shè)計制造,設(shè)備之間的連接全部采用高速的網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信,二次設(shè)備不再出現(xiàn)常規(guī)功能裝置重復(fù)的I/O現(xiàn)場接口,通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)真正實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)共享、資源其享,常規(guī)的功能裝置在這里變成了邏輯的功能模塊。( 2 ) two times of network. In conventional substation two equipment, such as relay protection device, anti-misoperation locking device, a measurement and control device, remote control device, fault recorder, wattless voltage control, synchronization device and in the development of on-line detection device are all based on the standardized, modular microprocessor design and manufacturing, connecting equipment between all of the network communication speed, two equipment no longer appear regular function device I/O repeated interface, through the network to realize data sharing, resource sharing, function device routine into functional module logic here.(3)自動化的運行管理系統(tǒng)。變電站運行管理自動化系統(tǒng)應(yīng)包括電力生產(chǎn)運行數(shù)據(jù)、狀態(tài)記錄統(tǒng)計無紙化;數(shù)據(jù)信息分層、分流交換自動化;變電站運行發(fā)生故障時能即時提供故障分析報告,指出故障原因,提出故障處理意見;系統(tǒng)能自動發(fā)出變電站設(shè)備檢修報告,即常規(guī)的變電站設(shè)備“定期檢修”改變?yōu)椤盃顟B(tài)檢修”。( 3 ) operation management system automation. Automatic system of substation operation management should include power plant operation data, state statistical records paperless; data stratification, shunt switching automation; substation operation failure can provide immediate failure analysis report, pointed out that the fault reason, put forward its opinions treatment failure; system can automatically send out inspection report of substation equipment, namely conventional substation equipment regular maintenance changed to state maintenance .2、數(shù)字化變電站自動化系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)2, the structure of digital substation automation system在變電站自動化領(lǐng)域中智能化電氣的發(fā)展,特別是智能開關(guān)、光電式互感器機(jī)電一體化設(shè)備的出現(xiàn),變電站綜合自動化技術(shù)邁進(jìn)了數(shù)字化的新階段。在高壓和超高壓變電站中,保護(hù)裝置、測控裝置、故障錄波及其他自動裝置的I/O單元,如A/D變換、光隔離器件、控制操作回路等將隔離出來,作為智能一次設(shè)備的一部分。反言之,智能化一次設(shè)備的數(shù)字化傳感器、數(shù)字化控制回路代替了常規(guī)繼電保護(hù)裝置,測控等裝置的I/O部分;而中低壓變電站則將保護(hù)、監(jiān)控裝置小型化、緊湊化,完整地安裝在開關(guān)柜上,實現(xiàn)了變電站機(jī)電一體化設(shè)計。數(shù)字化變電站自動化系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)在物理上可分為兩類,即智能化的一次設(shè)備和網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的二次設(shè)備。在邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)上可分為3個層次:“過程層”、“間隔層”、“站控層”,各層次內(nèi)部及層次之間采用高速網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信。In the substation automation in the field of intelligent electrical development, especially the intelligent switch, photoelectric transducer electromechanical integration equipment, integrated substation automation technology into a digital stage. In HV and EHV substations, protection, measurement and control device, fault recording and other automatic device I/O units, such as A/D transform, optical isolation device, control and operation circuit will be isolated, as a part of the intelligent primary equipment. Conversely, digital sensors, smart equipment digital control loop instead of the conventional relay protection device, I/O parts control device; and the low-voltage substation will protect, miniaturization, monitoring device is compact, fully installed in the switch cabinet, the realization of mechatronic design of substation. Digital substation automation system structure can be divided into two categories in physics, the two device a device and network intelligent. In the logical structure can be divided into 3 levels: process , spacer , the station control layer , using high-speed network communication between the various levels of internal and hierarchy.2.1 過程層功能2.1 process layer function(1)電力運行的實時電氣量檢測:主要是電流、電壓、相位以及諧波分量的檢測,其他電氣量如有功、無功、電能量可以通過間隔層的設(shè)備運算得出。與常規(guī)方式相比所不同的是傳統(tǒng)的電磁式電流互感器、電壓互感器被光電電流互感器、光電電壓互感器取代;采集傳統(tǒng)模擬量被直接采集數(shù)字量所取代,這樣做的突出優(yōu)點是抗干擾性能強(qiáng),絕緣和抗飽和特性好,裝置實現(xiàn)了小型化、緊湊化。(2)運行設(shè)備狀態(tài)參數(shù)在線檢測與統(tǒng)計:進(jìn)行狀態(tài)參數(shù)檢測的設(shè)備主要有變壓器、斷路器開關(guān)、刀閘、母線、電容器、電抗器以及直流電源系統(tǒng)。在線檢測的內(nèi)容主要有溫度、壓力、密度、絕緣、機(jī)械特性以及工作狀態(tài)等數(shù)據(jù)。(3)操作控制的執(zhí)行與驅(qū)動:包括變壓器分接頭調(diào)節(jié)控制,電容、電抗器投切控制、斷路器、隔離開關(guān)的分合控制,直流電源充放電控制。( 1 ) real-time electric power operation detection: mainly current, voltage, phase and harmonic detection, other electrical quantities such as active, inactive, electric energy can be obtained through calculation of spacer devices. Compared with the conventional method is different from the traditional electromagnetic current transformer, voltage transformer is optical current transformer, optical voltage transformer replace traditional analog; acquisition is directly collected the digital quantity is replaced, highlight the advantage of this is that strong anti-jamming performance, insulation and saturation characteristics, device realizes small, compact. ( 2 ) online equipment condition parameter detection and Statistics: equipment operation state parameter detection are the main transformer, circuit breaker, switch, bus, capacitors, reactors and DC power system. Online detection is the main content of temperature, pressure, density, dielectric, mechanical properties and working state data. ( 3 ) and the driving operation control execution: including transformer tap adjusting control, capacitor, reactor switching control, circuit breaker, isolating switch on-off control of DC power, the charge and discharge control.2.2 間隔層功能The 2.2 spacer layer function間隔層是進(jìn)行匯總本間隔過程層實時數(shù)據(jù)信息、實施對一次設(shè)備保護(hù)控制功能、實施本間隔操作閉鎖功能、實施操作同期及其它控制功能、對數(shù)據(jù)采集、統(tǒng)計運算及控制命令的發(fā)出具有優(yōu)先級別的控制、承上啟下的通信功能等六大功能。The spacer layer is summarized in this interval process real-time data information, the implementation of an equipment protection control function, the implementation of this interval latching function, the implementation of the operation period, and other control functions of data collection, statistical computing and control command issued a communication function with other control priority, connecting the six functions.2.3 站控層功能The 2.3 station control layer function(1)通過兩級高速網(wǎng)絡(luò)匯總?cè)镜膶崟r數(shù)據(jù)信息,不斷刷新實時數(shù)據(jù)庫,按時登陸歷史數(shù)據(jù)庫;(2)按既定規(guī)約,將有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)信息送往調(diào)度或控制中心;(3)接受調(diào)度或控制中心有關(guān)控制命令,轉(zhuǎn)間隔層、過程層執(zhí)行;(4)具有在線可編程的全站操作閉鎖控制功能;(5)具有站內(nèi)當(dāng)?shù)乇O(jiān)控、人機(jī)聯(lián)系功能;(6)具有對間隔層、過程層諸設(shè)備的在線維護(hù)、在線組態(tài)、在線修改參數(shù)的功能;(7)具有變電站故障自動分析和操作培訓(xùn)功能?？偩€通信,問隔層與變電站層之間串行通信方式稱為站級總線通信。( 1 ) real-time data information through two levels of high-speed network Summary total station, continue to refresh the real-time database, historical database on time landing; ( 2 ) according to the established conventions, the related data information sent to dispatching control center; ( 3 ) accept scheduling or control center of the control command, turn the spacers, process execution (; 4 ) with on-line programmable station operation locking control function; ( 5 ) with local monitoring station, man-machine communication function; ( 6 ) with the online interlayer, process equipment maintenance, on-line configuration, parameter modify functions; ( 7 ) has a substation fault automatic analysis and operation training function. Bus communication, serial communication between asked bay level and substation layer called the station bus communication.3、數(shù)字化變電站應(yīng)用中存在的問題There are 3 problems in application, digital substation由于光電/電子式互感器本身的結(jié)構(gòu)特點和工作方式,導(dǎo)致互感器的角差、比差現(xiàn)場試驗難以進(jìn)行,甚至極性試驗也無法開展,只能等到設(shè)備投運帶電后,才能檢驗接線的準(zhǔn)確性。另外,光電/電子式互感器的局放試驗、伏安特性試驗的試驗方法和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也與常規(guī)設(shè)備有很大的區(qū)別,這都需要設(shè)備廠家和運行主管單位專門制定。Because the optical / electronic transformer s structure characteristics and working way, resulting in transformer angle difference, difference field test is difficult to carry out, even polarity test can not be carried out, can only wait until the equipment commissioning charged, connection to test accuracy. In addition, test methods and standards of electronic transformer photoelectric / discharge test, voltage-current characteristic test also has the very big difference with the conventional devices, which require equipment manufacturers and operating units in charge of special formulation.數(shù)字化變電站保護(hù)校驗相對復(fù)雜,在變電站運行的條件下對部分間隔保護(hù)校驗的難度很大,目前的常規(guī)繼電保護(hù)校驗裝置無法提供數(shù)字化保護(hù)所需的電流量和電壓量,因為電流量和電壓量必須經(jīng)過合并器才能進(jìn)入保護(hù)裝置,而要完成試驗必須自帶合并器提供模擬試驗中的電流量和電壓量,要完成母差保護(hù)這類需要大量電流電壓量的保護(hù)校驗便顯得尤為困難。Digital substation protection check is relatively complex, in the substation operation conditions on some interval checking protection is very difficult, the conventional verification of relay protection device is unable to provide the amount of current and voltage digital protection required, because the amount of current and voltage must be combined to get to the protection device, and to complete the test must bring their own merger provides current and voltage simulation test, to complete the bus differential protection check this class needs a large number of current and voltage is particularly difficult.IEC61850通信協(xié)議本身并未對變電站網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)的安全性做任何規(guī)定,同時協(xié)議本身的開放性和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)性給變電站的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全帶來重大隱患。要做到二次系統(tǒng)信息的保密性、完整性、可用性和確定性,符合二次系統(tǒng)安全防護(hù)的要求,是自動化廠家仍需考慮和完善的技術(shù)環(huán)節(jié)。雖然目前已投運的變電站采取了防火墻、分層分區(qū)隔離等手段進(jìn)行防護(hù),但防護(hù)的效果仍有待時間的考驗。IEC61850 communication protocol does not itself to the network security system for substation to make any provisions, at the same time to the network security of substation major hidden trouble of openness and standardization of the protocol itself. To do two times the system information confidentiality, integrity, availability and deterministic, in line with the two system security protection requirements, is the automation manufacturers still need to consider and perfect technical links. Although the substation has been put into operation to take firewall, hierarchical partition and other means of protection, but the protective effect remains to be the test of time.4、數(shù)字化變電站的未來發(fā)展4, the future development of digital substation數(shù)字化變電站技術(shù)的發(fā)展將是個長期的過程,需要考慮與目前常規(guī)變電站技術(shù)的兼容性。(1)過程層常規(guī)設(shè)備接入方案。過程層常規(guī)設(shè)備主要指互感器和斷路器設(shè)備,具體應(yīng)用就是采取非常規(guī)互感器技術(shù)和智能斷路器技術(shù),或智能斷路器控制器技術(shù),常規(guī)設(shè)備的接人方式主要有3種基本模式:常規(guī)互感器和常規(guī)斷路器;常規(guī)互感器和智能斷路器;非常規(guī)互感器和常規(guī)斷路器。(2)過程總線方案。在第二階段中,前面控制和測量數(shù)據(jù)的分離通信系統(tǒng)將合并到一起,控制和測量數(shù)據(jù)的合并減少了間隔接線的復(fù)雜性,但間隔層IED設(shè)備需要兩個以太網(wǎng)口分別與過程總線和變電站總線連接。由于傳送了來自合并單元的數(shù)字化電氣量測系統(tǒng)的瞬時值,此種通信方式比第一階段中的通信方式更快。出于這個原因?qū)⑹褂?00 Mbit/s以太網(wǎng),通過過程總線保護(hù)裝置的跳閘命令被發(fā)送到斷路器。(3)過程總線和站總線合并方案。由于第一,第二階段中過程總線和變電站總線都使用了基于MMS應(yīng)用層通信堆棧的以太網(wǎng),和以太網(wǎng)的不斷發(fā)展,使得變電總線聯(lián)接構(gòu)成一個通信網(wǎng),并且不會影響變電站內(nèi)部站的通信。Development of digital substation technology will be a long-term process, need to consider and conventional substation technology compatibility. ( 1 ) the process layer of conventional equipment access scheme. Process of conventional equipment mainly refers to the transformer and the circuit breaker, the specific application is to take unconventional transformer technology and intelligent circuit breaker technology, or intelligent circuit breaker controller technology, conventional equipment access way mainly has 3 kinds of basic models: conventional transformer and conventional circuit breaker; routine transformer and intelligent circuit breaker; non conventional instrument transformer and conventional circuit breaker. ( 2 ) the process bus scheme. In the second stage, separation of communication system in front of control and measurement data will be combined together, merger control and measurement data reduces the complexity of interval connection, but the interlayer IED devices require two Ethernet ports which are respectively connected with substation process bus and bus. Because the instantaneous transmission digital electric quantity from the merging unit test system, the communication mode is faster than the first stage of communication. Will use the 100 Mbit/s Ethernet for this reason, through the process of bus protection trip command is sent to the circuit breaker. ( 3 ) for process bus and station bus merging scheme. Since the first, second stage process of bus and substation bus using the MMS application layer communication stack based on Ethernet, continuous development and Ethernet, the substation bus connected to form