八年級(jí)英語下冊第二單元知識(shí)點(diǎn).doc

鄭宏家教班之英語篇Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks一、基本知識(shí)點(diǎn)1. sick 生病的，有病的；可在句中作表語Mary could not come because she is sick.也可作定語a sick child 【區(qū)別ill】ill與sick同義；但是只在句中做表語，不做定語。Mary could not come because she is ill.2. cheer (sb.) up（讓某人）變得高興；振奮起來The good news cheered up everyone in our class.3. give out分發(fā)；散發(fā)，相當(dāng)于hand out，The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers. give sth. out to sb. 意為 。4. volunteer 【名詞】志愿者 【動(dòng)詞】義務(wù)做，自愿做（某事）volunteer to do sth. ， The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program.5. used to do sth.過去/曾經(jīng)(常)做某事，表示過去的習(xí)慣、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，并強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再存在或發(fā)生。 There used to be a cinema here. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 6. alone 【形容詞】獨(dú)自一人的，無感情色彩：The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself. lonely （感到）孤獨(dú)寂寞的，帶有很強(qiáng)的感情色彩，可做表語或定語。The lonely boy is not lonely now.7. care for sb./sth.照顧；照料 care 【名詞】小心，關(guān)心take care of=look after 【動(dòng)詞】care about sb./sth.關(guān)心，在意某人/事 【形容詞】careful / careless 【副詞】carefully 8. such “這樣的，這種，如此”，用于修飾名詞 such+ a/ an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞：such a good day /such an exciting match such+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞：such important decisions such delicious food 如果名詞前被many, much, few, little修飾時(shí)，只能用so，而不用such：so many sick children/ so little time9. try out for參加選拔，爭取成為Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year.try out試用，試驗(yàn)10. journey 【名詞】（尤指長途）旅行，行程；trip【名詞】多指短途旅行；travel【名詞、動(dòng)詞】travel around the world 【名詞】traveler旅行者11.【復(fù)習(xí)】be busy with sth. be busy doing sth. 12.【復(fù)習(xí)】try doing sth. try to do sth. try ones best (to do sth.) 13.【復(fù)習(xí)】be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth. 14. raise money集資，籌錢；raise money for為籌錢 raise【動(dòng)詞】舉起；提高；募集15. keep【動(dòng)詞】keep+名詞，保留（某物）；keep+形容詞，保持16.【形容詞】broken破損的，出毛病的；blind瞎的，失明的；deaf聾的；disabled有殘疾的，喪失能力的 在句中做定語和表語： 17. make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.使（某人）做某事成為可能，You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. make it +形容詞(+for sb.) to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成為；think/find it +形容詞to do sth. 18. make a difference to對(duì)有影響；對(duì)有作用，difference前可以用no, any, some, much等修飾，如The rain made no difference to the game. Hard-working makes much difference to study.19. difficulty【可數(shù)/不可數(shù)】表示抽象意義的“困難”時(shí)為不可數(shù)；表示具體的“難題、難事”時(shí)為可數(shù)；have difficulty (in) doing sth.= have trouble (in) doing sth. 20. train【動(dòng)詞】訓(xùn)練，trained為過去分詞，可做定語，意為“受過訓(xùn)練的”a trained dog21. be excited about sth. ，Everyone is excited about the good news. 【復(fù)習(xí)】excited意為 ，在句中做 ；exciting意為 ，在句中做 。22. order【名詞】命令，指示；順序，次序【動(dòng)詞】訂購；點(diǎn)（菜）follow the order ， 。23. change【動(dòng)詞】變化，改變Its hard for a person to change his life(style). 【名詞】變化；零錢 change A for B用A換成B：When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB.24. repair 【動(dòng)詞】修理，修補(bǔ)； fix【動(dòng)詞】安裝；使固定 【fix up修理=repair】 二、重要單詞、短語1. several 2.satisfaction 3. understand 4. imagine 5. trainGive短語小結(jié)1. give up (doing)2. give out3. give away4. give inUp短語小結(jié)1. give up2. clean up3. cheer up4. fix up5. set up6. put up7. get up8. stay up (late)9. come up with10.take up (doing sth.)Out短語小結(jié)1. give out2. hand out3. try out4. go out5. eat out6. hang out7. find out8. get out of9. come out三、重點(diǎn)語法動(dòng)詞不定式A. 作主語為避免句子的頭重腳輕，常用it作為形式主語，而真正的主語動(dòng)詞不定式后置。常用句型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth.B. 作賓語動(dòng)詞want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。C. 作（后置）定語常用于“have/hassth.to do”或“enough名to do”“Its time to do sth.”等結(jié)構(gòu)中。D. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，構(gòu)成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。 【注意】動(dòng)詞不定式作使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)應(yīng)省去to：“一感(feel)，二聽(listen to, hear)，三讓(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半幫助(help)”。E. 動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語主要用來修飾動(dòng)詞，表示目的，結(jié)果或原因。為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的，有時(shí)可以把動(dòng)詞不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) “為了，目的是”。常用結(jié)構(gòu)有too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。F. 固定句式中動(dòng)詞不定式的用法常見的有：had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please (not) do sth.?等。專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練題一、選擇適當(dāng)答案。1. _ is difficult to work out the maths problem. A. This B. That C. It D. Its2. We decided _ at the end of this month. A. travel B. not start out C. to leave D. going3. They have no paper_. A. to writeB. to write with C. write onD .to write on4. Let him _ a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk. A. hasB. haveC. to have5. _the computer is a problem. A. How to use B. What to use C. Where to useD. Which to use6. The teacher told us _in bed. A. dont read B. read not C. to not read D. not to read7. The old man was _angry _ say a word. A. so, thatB. as, as C. too, toD. very, to8. Why _home tomorrow? A. not goB. not goingC. not to goD. didnt go9. The TV set is too loud. Will you please _? A. turn down it B. turn it downC. to turn it down10. Its cold outside. You had better _ your coat. A. to put onB. putting onC. puts onD. put on二、用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1. It took half an hour _ (get) to the World Park from Kittys school.2. It was interesting _ (see) so many places of interest from all over the world.3. They want _ (save) time by using shorter words and phrases. 4. Kittys classmate Daniel taught himself how _ (make) a home pag