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unit 1the written wordpart grammar否定陳述否定陳述即含有否定詞的陳述句。否定陳述經(jīng)常被用來糾正錯(cuò)誤的觀念。例:money does not buy happiness.金錢買不來幸福。在這個(gè)句子中,金錢能買來幸福的錯(cuò)誤觀念得到了糾正。否定陳述的構(gòu)成形式1助動(dòng)詞not例:i dont think so.我不這樣認(rèn)為。he does not have lunch at home.他不在家里吃午飯。2具有否定意義的表達(dá)常用的具有否定意義的詞有no(不;沒有),none(無人;沒有任何東西),nobody(沒人;誰也不),nothing(沒有東西;什么也沒有),nowhere(哪兒也不),nohow(絕不;毫不),neither(兩者皆不),never(永不;從不),dislike(不喜歡),disagree(不同意),useless(沒有用的),unimportant(不重要的)及短語out of.,far from.,too.to.等:no one is in the classroom.教室里沒人。i like neither.兩個(gè)我都不喜歡。he never tells a lie.他從不撒謊。the book is useless.這本書沒有用。she dislikes him.她不喜歡他。the machine is out of work.這臺(tái)機(jī)器不能工作了。he is too young to go to school.他太小,還不能上學(xué)。注意:有時(shí)not與帶有否定前綴的形容詞連用,可表示一種肯定意義。例:its not uncommon to find her reading the newspaper.發(fā)現(xiàn)她在讀報(bào)紙是常見的事。3有些總括性代詞、形容詞或副詞等和not連用時(shí),表示半否定(也稱部分否定);這類總括性詞有all(一切;全體),both(兩者),each或every(每個(gè);人人),everyone(每個(gè)人;人人),everything(每件事;每件東西),everywhere(每個(gè)地方;各地),always(總是),altogether(全體),wholly(全部)等:both are not correct.(或not both are correct.)并非兩個(gè)都對(duì)。(只有一個(gè)對(duì)。)比較:neither is correct.兩個(gè)都不對(duì)。such a thing cant be found everywhere.這種事并非到處可見。比較:such a thing can be found nowhere.(或such a thing cant be found anywhere.)這種事什么地方也見不到??偫ㄐ栽~和帶有否定意義的前后綴的單詞連用,謂語動(dòng)詞使用肯定式,意思為完全否定:both are useless.兩個(gè)都沒用。we all dislike him.我們都不喜歡他。4有些具有半否定意義的詞表示否定。這類半否定詞有hardly(幾乎不),seldom(很少),little(幾乎沒有),few(很少),rarely(很少),barely(勉強(qiáng),幾乎不),scarcely(幾乎沒有)等:he is seldom late.他很少遲到。few people could do it then.當(dāng)時(shí)很少有人能干這事。5有時(shí)也可以用一些帶有否定意義的短語來表達(dá)否定。常見的有:far from,unless,free from,would rather.than等:unless you read the novel yourself,youll never know what happens at the end.除非你親自讀小說,否則你不會(huì)知道結(jié)局怎樣。6有時(shí)if/whether從句里面也可加not來表示附加否定。i wonder whether/if i shouldnt bring an umbrella.我想知道我是不是不該帶雨傘。.單項(xiàng)填空1 we couldnt eat in a restaurant because _ of us had _ money on us.aall;no bany;nocnone;any dno one;any2 both teams were in hard training;_ was willing to lose the game.aeither bneithercanother dthe other3 can you come on monday or tuesday?im afraid _ day is possible.aeither bneithercsome dany4 i agree with most of what you said,but i dont agree with _.aeverything banythingcsomething dnothing5 he seldom has lunch at school,_?ahasnt he bhas hecdoesnt he ddoes he6 i wont let you in _ you show me the written permission of the commander.aapart from bunlesscexcept dbut7 tom could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong.aadmit badmittedcadmitting dto admit8 i know nothing about the young lady _ she is from beijing.aexcept bexcept forcexcept that dbesides9 he dislikes it when his mother scolds him,_?adoesnt he bdoes hecdoesnt she ddoes she10 i dont think he is honest,_?aisnt he bis hecdo i ddont i11 all of them dont like him.that is to say,_ likes him.ano one bnonecnot everyone dboth a and c12 i am not sure _ or not he will come tomorrow.athat bwhethercif dwhat13 he _ english every morning but his classmates _.aisnt read;readbdoesnt read;docdoesnt read;readdisnt read;do14 the housework is too much for me,jack.sorry,but i cant help _ it,joan. ive got something important to do,you know.ado bdoingcto be doing dhaving done15 have you all read harry potter iv before?_.anobody of us has bnobody of us didcnone of us has dnone of us did16 the book is _ boring;it is,in fact rather exciting and fascinating.aall but bnothing butcno more danything but17 which of the two computer games did you prefer?actually i didnt like _.aboth of them beither of themcnone of them dneither of them18 most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees,but _ they have eggs or young chicks,they dont use a nest.awhy bhowcunless dwhere19 he has made a lot of films,but _ good ones.aany bsomecfew dmany20 sorry,i made a mistake again._.practice more and youll succeed.anever mind bcertainly notcnot at all ddont mention it.體驗(yàn)高考1i told them not everybody could run as fast as you did,_?acould he bdidnt icdidnt you dcould they2i dont really like james.why did you invite him?dont worry.he _ come.he said he wasnt certain what his plans were.amust not bneed notcwould not dmight not3hows your new babysitter?we _ ask for a better one.all our kids love her so much.ashould bmightcmustnt dcouldnt4would you like tea or coffee?_,thank you.ive just had some water.aeither bbothcany dneither5how was your recent trip to sichuan?ive never had _ one before.aa pleasant ba more pleasantca most pleasant dthe most pleasant6jane wont join us for dinner tonight and _.aneither wont tom btom wont eitherctom will too dso will tom7it doesnt matter if they want to come to your party,_?adoesnt it bdoes itcdont they ddo they答案:.1.c由后半句句意:“我們身上都沒帶錢”,知句子應(yīng)用完全否定,排除a、b兩項(xiàng)。no one不能與of連用,所以選c項(xiàng)。2b句意:“兩隊(duì)都在刻苦訓(xùn)練,誰也不愿輸?shù)舯荣悺!薄皟烧叨疾弧睉?yīng)用neither。3b句意:“你能星期一或星期二來嗎?”“恐怕哪天也不行?!备鶕?jù)im afraid及原句給出的選擇是兩者,所以使用表否定的詞“兩者都不”,用neither。4a句意:“我同意你說的大部分,但我并非同意全部?!本渥討?yīng)用部分否定,如選b項(xiàng)則是完全否定。5d句意:“他很少在學(xué)校吃飯,是嗎?”seldom構(gòu)成的句子為否定句,其反意疑問句應(yīng)用肯定形式。6b句意:“除非你給我看你長官的書面允許,否則我不能讓你進(jìn)去?!?a句意:“湯姆除了向老師承認(rèn)他錯(cuò)了之外,別無他法。”could do nothing but do.“除之外別無他法。”8c句意:“對(duì)于這個(gè)年輕女人,我除了知道她來自北京之外,別的一無所知?!盿、b、d三項(xiàng)均為介詞,后不加句子。9a本句主句為he dislikes it,后面反意疑問部分應(yīng)與主句一致,因此排除c、d兩項(xiàng);而且dislike雖然帶有否定前綴,但主句仍按肯定句對(duì)待。10b因本句主句的主語是第一人稱,因此反意問句部分應(yīng)根據(jù)賓語從句決定,排除c、d兩項(xiàng);此外本句涉及否定轉(zhuǎn)移,故選b項(xiàng)。11cboth,all,every,everyone,always等詞用于否定句表示部分否定。no one,none等表示全部否定。12b因從句中有or not,排除a、d兩項(xiàng);if不與or not連在一起使用,排除c項(xiàng)。13bbut前面分句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),實(shí)義動(dòng)詞read的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)否定形式為doesnt(dont) read,排除a、d兩項(xiàng);but后的分句為省略形式,用do代替read english every morning。14acant help(to)do“幫不上忙”;cant help doing sth.“禁不住做某事”。15cnobody后不接of結(jié)構(gòu),排除a、b兩項(xiàng),根據(jù)上文時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)選c項(xiàng)。16dall but“幾乎,差不多”;nothing but“僅僅,只有”;no more“不再”;anything but“絕不,根本不”;根據(jù)題意應(yīng)選d項(xiàng)。17b句意:“這兩個(gè)電腦游戲你喜歡哪一個(gè)?說實(shí)話我兩個(gè)都不喜歡?!眅ither意為“兩者之中任何一個(gè)”。因前面有didnt,所以為完全否定。18cunless“如果不”,后一句句意為:“但是如果它們不孵蛋或育雛,它們就不用巢?!?9c句意:“他制作了許多影片,但幾乎沒有好的?!鼻懊媸强隙ň?,but后面應(yīng)該是否定。因?yàn)閎ut是轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。few“少數(shù)的,很少,幾乎沒有”是具有否定意義的詞,故選c項(xiàng)。20acertainly not常用來回答別人問是否介意的問題;not at all和dont mention it用于別人致謝時(shí)的答語。只有never mind符合語境。句意:“對(duì)不起,我又出錯(cuò)了。沒關(guān)系。多練習(xí),你就會(huì)成
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