初中英語八種時態(tài)講解3.doc

現(xiàn)在進行時一要點提示現(xiàn)在進行時的結(jié)構(gòu)：be (am, is, are) + 現(xiàn)在分詞（即動詞-ing形式）。動詞現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)律：1. 一般情況下，動詞后直接加-ing，如：working, buying, visiting, 2. 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞，去掉e，然后再加-ing, 如：taking, having, leaving, 3. 以輔音字母+元音字母+輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫末尾輔音字母，然后加-ing，如：stopping, running, swimming, 4. 特殊變化，如：lielying.二用法指南現(xiàn)在進行時的基本用法：1） 表示現(xiàn)在( 指說話人說話時) 正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。 We are waiting for you.2） 習(xí)慣進行：表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel. (說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.3） 表示漸變的動詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer.4） 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。 You are always changing your mind.三. 不用進行時的動詞1) 事實狀態(tài)的動詞have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。I have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.2) 心理狀態(tài)的動詞know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。I need your help.He loves her very much.3 ) 瞬間動詞 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。I accept your advice.4) 系動詞seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。You seem a little tired.四現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)的否定形式是在be后加not，疑問形式是把be動詞提置句首。一般過去時一要點提示一般過去時是表示在過去的時間里發(fā)生的動作，動詞用過去式（即動詞-ed形式）,動詞過去式的變化規(guī)律：1 一般動詞詞尾加-ed, 如：walked, looked, finished, 2 以字母e結(jié)尾的動詞后加-d，如：lived, decided, noticed, 3 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，變y為i，再加-ed，如：hurried, carried, 4 以元音字母加一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加-ed, 如：stopped, stepped。以上是規(guī)則變化，還有一些動詞的過去式是不規(guī)則變化，如：dodid, havehad, bewas/were, swimswam等，參見初一下英語書后不規(guī)則動詞表。二用法指南一般過去時的用法1）在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 時間狀語有：yesterday, last (week, nighr, year), (an hour) ago, in 1982, just now等。 Where did you go just now?2）表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.3）句型： a. It is time for sb. to do sth 到時間了 該了 It is time sb. did sth. 時間已遲了 早該了 如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。 It is time you went to bed.你早該睡覺了。 b. would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示寧愿某人做某事 Id rather you came tomorrow.4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等。I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。三.一般過去時的一些特殊用法1比較：一般過去時表示的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。Christine was an invalid all her life. (含義：她已不在人間。)Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著)Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義：達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去)2. 注意： 用過去時態(tài)表示現(xiàn)在含義，表示委婉語氣。1）動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Did you want anything else?I wondered if yo