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Listening1 Professor Allright todaywe regoingtocontinueourdiscussiononethics We lldiscussthequestion ShouldtheInuitpeopleofNorthAmericabeallowedtohuntseals It sanimportantquestion andinrecentyears theEuropeanUnionmadeitillegaltotradesealproducts SoinEurope youcan tbuyorsellsealskins orsealoil oranythingmadefromseals Now youprobablydon twearseal skinclothingorusealotofsealoil right AndthelawispopularwithmostpeopleinEurope Why Becausetheyseepicturesofcutebabyseals andthentheyseepicturesofthesealhunt Peoplekillthesealswithagun orinthemoreold fashionedway byhittingthemonthehead Tobecontinued Listening1 Professor Thepicturesshowtheredbloodontheice andformanypeople it sdisgusting Theythinkit stheirresponsibilitytostopthesealhunt Yes Youhaveaquestion Student1 Yes Ihaveseenthosepictures andvideos too They rereallydifficulttowatch I mnotsurprisedthatEuropeanswanttostopsealhunting It sawful Professor Itdoeslookbad buttheInuitpeoplehaveadifferentopinion Theydependonanimalsforfood Afterall notmanyplantscangrowinsuchacoldclimate sopeopletherecan traisecropssuchasriceorwheat Therefore theInuitpeoplehaveaspecialrelationshipwithanimals Theysaytheyvaluetheanimalsandhavealotofrespectforthem andwithseals theyknowhowtokilltheanimalsquickly Tobecontinued Listening1 Professor TheycompareittoEuropeansandotherpeoplekillinganimalssuchaschickensorcattleforfood Ofcourse alotofusdon tseethoseanimalsbeingkilled somaybethat swhyitdoesn tupsetus Anyway howdoesthelawintheEuropeanUnionaffecthuntersinNorthAmerica Well itdoesn taffectalotofthehunters ManyofthepeopleinthosepicturesandvideosarenotInuitpeople Theyhuntsealsfortheirownreasons ButwithintheInuitcommunity sealskinsareasourceofincome Thesealmeatisusuallyeatenathome andinthepast theysoldtheskins mostlytoEurope SofortheInuitpeople thelawhasseriousresults Arethereanyquestions Tobecontinued Listening1 Student2 I mwonderingwhat saheadfortheInuitpeople youknow whatwilltheirfuturebelike Imean theycan tcontrolthelawsinEurope right Professor That strue However theInuitpeoplearetryingtochangethelaw TheythinkthattheyshouldbeabletosellsealproductsinEuropebecausetheyweresomeofthefirstpeopleinNorthAmerica Tothem theInuitsealhuntisdifferentfromtherestofCanada ssealhunt Otherquestions Tobecontinued Listening1 Student3 Well we retalkingaboutethics andtheInuitpeoplesayit sfineforthemtokillanimalsbecausepeopleinotherpartsoftheworldkillanimals too Personally Idon tagree I mavegan soIdon teatmeatoranyotheranimalproducts Ithinkallofussharetheresponsibilityfortakingcareofanimals makingsurenobodytreatsanimalsbadly Professor Andthat saveryimportantidea Ifpeoplereallycareaboutanimals shouldtheyuseanimalsforfoodandclothing Let ssee howmanypeopleinthisclasseatanimalproductslikemeatoreggs Raiseyourhands OK itlookslikemostofyou Listening2 Jack It sbeenalongtime Dakarai Tellus howislifeinKaribaTown Dakarai Lifeisprettygood Jack Thetownisgrowingfast Jack Isupposepeoplegotherebecausethere sinterestingwildlifeandbeautifulscenery Dakarai Yes andtherearejobsthere mostlyintourismandfishing Jasmine Sure theremustbealotoffishinLakeKariba Dakarai That sright Jasmine alotoffish andit sagreatplacetogoboating sotouristslovethat Andofcoursetouristswanttoseethewildlife elephants leopards baboons alotofdifferentanimalslivethere Ofcourse that salsooneoftheproblemsinKariba Tobecontinued Listening2 Jasmine Whyisitaproblem Dakarai It sthesameproblemaseverywhereelse especiallyotherplacesinAfrica There saconflictbetweenpeopleandnature right Peoplewanttogrowcrops animalswanttoeatthecrops Peoplewanttomoveontotheanimals land theanimalssometimesattackpeople Jack DoesthathappeninKariba Aretheanimalsaggressive Dakarai Actually animalattacksarenotcommon MostpeopleinKaribadon twalkaroundatnight sotheyavoidanyproblems Jasmine Youdon tgooutatnight Dakarai Mostofthetime no InKariba daytimeisforpeople andatnight animalsdoanythingtheywant Elephantswalkaroundoutsideyourhouse andleopardswalkdownthestreet Tobecontinued Listening2 Jasmine Really Ican timagineanelephantoutsidemyhouse nothereinAthens Jack She sright Therearen talotofwildanimalsinthispartofGreece Dakarai Well Athensisaveryoldcity buttherewasnoKaribaTownbeforethe1950s ThelandaroundKaribabelongedtotheanimals Jasmine Andthentheybuiltthedam Dakarai Yes that sright Thentheybuiltthedam Youknow whenthewaterbehindthedambegantorise peoplehadtosavealotoftheanimals Theywentinboatstogetthem Canyouimagine It snoteasytogetwildbaboonsandzebrasintoaboat Tobecontinued Listening2 Jack Wow It samazingthatpeopledidthat Jasmine So howaretheanimalsdoingnow Dakarai Notverywell I mafraid There sawildlifereservenearthelake butit salimitedarea andalotofpeoplearehuntingtheanimals Jasmine That sawful Whyaretheydoingthat Dakarai Well sometimesthey reafraid Theythinktheanimalsmightattackthem Mostofthetime though thepeoplearehuntingforfood AlotofpeopleinKaribaTownarepoor andhuntingisawaytofeedtheirfamilies Jack Icanseetheproblem then Dakarai Itisaproblem butthesewildanimalsareworthalottoZimbabwe They reanimportantpartofnatureandofAfrica andtheybringtouristsintothecountryaswell Tobecontinued Listening2 Jasmine Tourists andmoneyfromtourism Dakarai That sright Well Ishouldgetgoing I mgivingatalkin20minutes Jack OK Itwasgreattoseeyouagain Dakarai Jasmine Yes itreallywas andgoodluckwithyourtalk Dakarai Thanks itwasgoodtoseebothofyou too Narrator Speed strength andpower Thousandsofyearsbeforehumansinventedcarsandairplanes itwasthehorsewhoallowedustogofaster gofarther andexploretheworld HorsesbelongtothefamilyofmammalscalledEquidae alongwithzebrasanddonkeys Liketheircloserelatives horsesadaptedtoliveinopencountry eatinggrass andusingsheerspeedtoescapepredators They rehighlysocialandliveinherds whichalsohelpsprotectagainstenemies Atfirst humanswerejustoneofthemanyhuntersthatpreyedonthehorse Butsome4 000yearsago incentralAsia everythingchanged Tobecontinued Whetheritwasinspiration oranexperiment orateen agedgame someonejumpedontoahorse sback Fromthenon humanhistorywassettothepoundingsoundofhorses hooves Whethertheywereconquistadorsorcowboys theyowetheiradventurestothesameanimal HorsesfirstlivedintheforestsofNorthAmerica Aboutamillionyearsago somecrossedlandbridges spreadingtoAsiaandEurope Thesepioneerssavedtheirspecies About8 000yearsago eitherclimatechangeoroverhuntingbyearlyhumansdiditsdamage andthelasthorsesinAmericadiedout Horsessailedbacktotheirnativelandinthe1500s carriedintheshipsofSpanishexplorers SoonNativeAmericansweretradingwiththeSpanish eagertoowntheseamazingnewanimals Tobecontinued Thedescendantsoftheirhorsesliveon inwildherdsofmustangs whichliveintheAmericanWesttoday Ashorsesbecamevaluableworkers peoplebegantobreedthemfordifferentjobs Overahundreddifferentbreedsofdomestichorsesarenowrecognized buttheyallbelongtothesamespecies Equuscaballus Horsesareclassifiedbasedontheirheight whichismeasuredinhands aunitoffourinches orliterallythewidthofahumanhand Poniesaresimplysmallhorses standinglessthan14 2hands orjustunderfivefeet attheshoulder Drafthorsesareheavilybuilt withenoughstrengthtopullweightyloads andcanstandover19hands orsixandahalffeethigh Lighthorsessuchasracehorsesfallinbetween Tobecontinued Overthelastcentury machineshavetakenovermostoftheworkthathorsesusedtodo Yettherearemorehorsesalivetodaythanduringthe1800s some62million Horsesstillofferusanimportantconnectiontothenaturalworld partnerstoworkandplaywith andthetouchofsomethingwild TheMaasaipeopleofEastAfricahaveaspecialrelationshipwithonekindofanimal Theydependoncattleformeatandmilk whichmakeupmostoftheMaasaidiet Inordertoraisecattleinadryclimate theMaasaipeopleshareland Eachfamilyhasitsownanimals buttheymovethecattleoverlongdistancesandontodifferentfamilies landinordertofindenoughgrassforthecattletoeat LiketheMaasai theSamipeopleofnorthernEuropevalueoneanimalmorethananyother Inthisdifficultclimate reindeergivetheSamipeoplefood clothing andotherusefulitems Nowadays someSamipeopleraisereindeeronfarms butmanySamipeoplestilltravellongdistanceswiththeiranimals Thisgivesthemadetailedknowledgeofthelandandagreatrespectfornature Tobecontinued Listening1 NooneknowsexactlywhatisaheadfortheSamipeoplebecauseclimatechangemakesthefutureoftheArcticuncertain UnliketheMaasaiandSamipeople theAboriginesofAustraliahaveadifferentkindofrelationshipwithanimals Australiahasmanykindsofanimals andallofthemarepartoftheAborigines traditionalculture Inthepast theyhuntedsomeoftheanimalsforfood Otheranimalsappearedinstoriesorinveryoldpaintingsonrocks FortheAborigines everythinginnatureisconnected andhumanbeingshaveaspecialrolewithinthenaturalworld OnegroupofAboriginesbelievesitistheirresponsibilitytomakesureAustralia skangaroosaredoingwell Listening1 NorthAmericanblackbearsareshyanimals Theyarefearfulbynature andwillusuallyrunawayiftheyseeorhearpeople Becauseofthis itcanbedifficultforscientiststolearnabouttheseanimals Inordertostudyblackbears researchersinthestateofNewJerseyintheUnitedStates catchbearsintraps Thentheysedatethebearswithdrugs sotheygotosleepandcannotmoveforashorttime Researchersthenmeasureandweighthebear removeatoothtofindoutthebear sage andtakebloodtotestfordiseases Fromthesestudies researcherswanttofindouthowmanybearsliveinNewJersey howlongtheylive andhowmanybabies orcubs theyproduce Listening2 Tobecontinued Severalhundredmilestothewest anotherblackbearstudyistakingplaceinMinnesotaintheUnitedStates There Dr LynnRogersandhisteamstudybearsthatarecompletelyawake Thebearsknowtheresearchers voicesandtheyarenotafraidoftheteam Theystillrunawayfromotherpeople butwithth