光伏系統(tǒng)論文光伏電站的遠程監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計.doc

光伏系統(tǒng)論文：光伏電站的遠程監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計【中文摘要】全球能源危機的出現(xiàn)促使世界各國開始積極發(fā)展以太陽能為主的可再生能源。近年來,各國加大了對太陽能研究的投入,使太陽能光伏發(fā)電技術(shù)得到了廣泛應(yīng)用和飛速發(fā)展。1983年世界光伏組件產(chǎn)量達21.3MW,主要是晶體硅太陽能電池,光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)顯露雛形。進入1990年后,在能源微機和全球氣候變暖的壓力下,可再生能源更加受到關(guān)注,全球太陽能光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)高速成長。到2004年世界太陽能電池年產(chǎn)量已經(jīng)超過了1200MW。目前,全世界的太陽能光伏系統(tǒng)裝機容量已達15GW,預(yù)計2011年裝機容量將大幅增長42.2%,達到20.2GW。同時新技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)使得太陽能電池的生產(chǎn)成本大幅下降,從上世界五十年代1785美元瓦,降低到現(xiàn)在2-3美元瓦。目前太陽能光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)還在繼續(xù)蓬勃向前發(fā)展。光伏電站大量建設(shè)之后的管理問題日趨突顯。一方面,光伏電站一般都是在無人職守的情況下運行；另一方面,同一地區(qū)的光伏電站建設(shè)比較分散,因此需要大量的人力和物力來實現(xiàn)對光伏電站的監(jiān)測和維護。如果將遠程監(jiān)控技術(shù)融入到光伏電站的管理中,可以將地域上廣泛的、分散的太陽能光伏系統(tǒng)聯(lián)系起來,實現(xiàn)集中式的監(jiān)控和維護。因此,研究光伏電站中的遠程監(jiān)控技術(shù)具有十分重要的意義。本文首先介紹了太陽能光伏發(fā)電的意義,并從技術(shù)、市場和應(yīng)用方面闡述了國內(nèi)外光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,介紹了光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成,并對各部分的功能和原理進行了詳細闡述,并在此基礎(chǔ)上對遠程監(jiān)控技術(shù)在光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中常見的幾種應(yīng)用方式進行了總結(jié)和論述。同時,還介紹了遠程監(jiān)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用。接下來,重點闡述了光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成以及遠程監(jiān)控技術(shù)在光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用,并在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一個基于485總線的遠程監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計方案,然后分別從硬件設(shè)計和軟件設(shè)計兩個方面進行了詳細闡述,對遠程監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)中所使用的遠程監(jiān)控技術(shù)進行了深入調(diào)查和研究,在附錄部分給出了部分參考程序。最后,對整個監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計工作進行了總結(jié),對后續(xù)的系統(tǒng)進一步完善進行了展望：1)在當(dāng)前的系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)中,還沒有涉及到對太陽光輻照度的采集,所以還需要進一步研究太陽光輻照度的采集方法或者說與采集相關(guān)的儀器設(shè)備的使用方法,并在此基礎(chǔ)上進一步完善系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)。2)完善上位機通信軟件的功能,包括增加對下位機的遠程控制命令、增加對歷史數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計分析功能(包括月發(fā)電量、年發(fā)電量的統(tǒng)計和圖形化顯示等)、增加歷史數(shù)據(jù)的備份功能、增加錯誤處理等功能,爭取讓上位機軟件功能更加完善,使用起來更加靈活方便,同時還要有更高的可靠性。3)隨著光伏電站的大量建設(shè)和應(yīng)用,對同一地區(qū)分散的光伏電站進行集中監(jiān)控已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)前研究的熱點,希望在完成好以上兩個工作的基礎(chǔ)上對分散光伏電站的集中監(jiān)控和管理做更加深入的研究,為后面軟硬件的進一步完善提供理論支持?！居⑽恼縏he emergence of global energy crisis prompted countries start to development renewable energy actively. Countries increase investment in the solar research in recent years and it make solar photovoltaic power generation technology has been widely applied and rapidly development.1983 world photovoltaic module production of21.3 MW, mainly crystalline silicon solar battery, pv industry expose prototypes. In 1990, the energy into the computer and global warming, under pressure from renewable energy more attention, the global solar pv industry high-speed growth. To the 2004 world solar battery has already surpassed the 1200MW production. Meanwhile new technique appears to make solar cells from production cost greatly decreased, the worlds 1950s 1785 dollars/tile, reduced to now 2-3 dollars/watts.Nowadays, the total installation capacity of the PV systems in the world has gone beyond 15GW. It is predicted that the growth rate will reach 42.2% and the installation capacity will transcend 20.2 GW in 2011.There are a lot of manage work that we have to do after so many PV systems established. On the one hand, the PV systems are designed to run without being supervised by the people; on the other hand, the PV systems always be established in the remote area, so it is very hard and difficult task to monitor and maintain them. If we can use the remote monitor and control technology in the PV system management, then the separated and widely distributed PV systems could be connected and real-time supervised. Therefore, it is very important to do some studying on the application of the remote monitor and control technology in PV systems.At the beginning of this paper, the significance of the photovoltaic and the present status of the PV industry at home and abroad are briefly introduced, as well as the development and application of the remote monitor and control technology. Then, the composition of the PV system and the application of the remote monitor and control technology in the PV system are expanded. At the same time, paper puts forward a remote monitoring system design of PV system, and in which the 485 bus will be used. The remote monitoring system is expatiated from two aspects, the hardware design and software design. In appendix part we give some reference programs. Finally, the designing work of the whole monitoring system was summarized and some further word was discussed:1) In the current system architecture, not to mention the acquisition of sunlight irradiation degrees, so will require further study of irradiance sunlight or acquisition method with acquisition related equipment use method, and on this basis to further improve the system architecture.2) Perfect PC communications software, including the increased the function of the lower level computer remote control command, increase the statistical analysis of historical data on functions, including the annual generation capacity, statistical and graphically, etc.), increase historical data backup function, increase error handling, and other functions, strive for PC software functions to be more perfect, use rise more agile and convenient, but also have higher reliability.3) With plenty of photovoltaic power station, construction and application to the same region were scattered photovoltaic power station centralized monitoring has become the hot current research, and hope in the finish on the basis of above two work to disperse photovoltaic power station centralized monitoring and management of more in-depth research, behind the further improvement of hardware and software to provide theoretical support.【關(guān)鍵詞】光伏系統(tǒng) 遠程監(jiān)控 485總線 數(shù)據(jù)采集【英文關(guān)鍵詞】PV system monitor control 485 buses data acquisition【目錄】光伏電站的遠程監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計中文摘要8-10ABSTRACT10-11第一章 緒論12-211.1 太陽能開發(fā)利用的背景和意義12-131.2 太陽能光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展歷史與現(xiàn)狀13-161.2.1 太陽能光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展歷史13-141.2.2 太陽能光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀14-161.2.2.1 國外太陽能光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀14-151.2.2.2 我國太陽能光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀15-161.3 遠程監(jiān)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展及研究現(xiàn)狀16-201.3.1 遠程監(jiān)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展16-171.3.2 遠程監(jiān)控技術(shù)的研究現(xiàn)狀17-201.3.2.1 有線遠程監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)17-191.3.2.2 無線遠程監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)19-201.4 論文的主要內(nèi)容及章節(jié)安排20-21第二章 遠程監(jiān)控技術(shù)在太陽能光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用21-292.1 太陽能光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)21-262.1.1 光伏發(fā)電的原理21-222.1.2 光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的組成22-262.1.2.1 光伏電池陣列23-242.1.2.2 太陽能控制器24-252.1.2.3 蓄電池組252.1.2.4 DC/DC轉(zhuǎn)換器252.1.2.5 DC/AC逆變器25-262.1.3 光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的分類及應(yīng)用262.2 遠程監(jiān)控技術(shù)在光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用26-282.3 光伏電站實現(xiàn)遠程監(jiān)控的重要意義28-29第三章 遠程監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計29-503.1 系統(tǒng)總體架構(gòu)29-303.2 單片機STC89C5230-323.3 溫度傳感器(DS18B20)32-413.3.1 DS18B20簡介32-343.3.2 DS18B20工作原理34-373.3.3 DS18B20工作流程及時序37-403.3.4 論文中DS18B20的連接原理圖及其驅(qū)動程序40-413.4 基爾霍夫電壓電流傳感器41-433.4.1 閉環(huán)霍爾電流傳感器測量電流41-423.4.2 閉環(huán)霍爾電壓傳感器測量電壓42-4