不規(guī)則動詞表(附音標(biāo)).doc

不規(guī)則動詞有的Ved過去式、過去分詞的構(gòu)成是有規(guī)則的，我們將它們稱為規(guī)則動詞，有的Ved構(gòu)成是不規(guī)則的，我們將它們稱為不規(guī)則動詞。下面為初中會碰到的不規(guī)則動詞，請反復(fù)記憶注：第一個為原形，第二個為Ved1 第三個為Ved2時態(tài)形式：1、 Ved1 2、 have Ved2王晨陽同學(xué)曾參于此表的修定，這里特表示感謝一、AAA型：三式都相同。cost/kQst/花費-cost -cost ,cut/kVt/剪，切，割-cut-cut,hit/hIt/打，撞擊-hit-hit,hurt/h3:t/傷害，受傷-hurt-hurt, let/let/讓-let-let, put/pUt/放，擺-put-put,read/ri:d/讀，朗讀-read/red/-read/red/ ,set/set/安置，釋放-set-set,shut/SVt/ 關(guān)閉，合攏-shut-shut, spread/spred/ 展開，延伸-spread-spread二、ABA型：即動詞的過去分詞與原形是一樣的。become/bIkVm/變得，成為-became/bIkeIm/-become,come/kVm/來，來到-came/keIm/-come,run/rVn/奔跑，褪色-ran/rn/-run, 三、ABB型：即動詞的過去式和過去分詞相同。1、 單詞末尾的字母-d改為-t。如：bend/bend/ 使彎曲-bent/bent/-bent,build/bIld/ 建筑，造-built/bIlt/-built,lend/lend/借出-lent/lent/-lent,send/send/打發(fā)，送，郵寄-sent/sent/-sent, spend/spend/花費，度過-spent/spent/-spent2、原形最后一個字母改為t。如：lose/lu:z/失去，丟失-lost/lQst/-lost， smell/smel/嗅，聞到-smelt/smelt/-smelt*smell/smel/嗅，聞到-smelled/smeld/ smelledspell/spel/拼寫-spelt /spelt/-spelt *spell/spel/ 拼寫 spelled/speld/ spelled3、原形后加一個字母t。如：burn/b3:n/ 燃燒，著火-burnt /b3:nt/-burnt,*burn/b3:n/ 燃燒，著火- burned/b3:nd/ - burneddream/dri:m/做夢dreamt/dri:mt/- dreamt,*dream/dri:m/做夢-dreamed /dri:md/-dreamedlearn/l3:n/ 學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)會- learnt/l3:nt/ -learnt,learn/l3:n/ 學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)會- learned/l3:nd/ -learned,mean/mi:n/意指，意思是-meant/ment/-meant4、 原形中的雙e變單e。如：feed/fi:t/喂，飼養(yǎng)-fed/fed/-fed,meet/mi:t/遇見，見到-met/met/-met,5、原形中的ee去掉一個字母e, 然后在詞尾加t。如：feel/fi:l/ 覺得，觸摸-felt/felt/-felt ,keep/ki:p/ 保持，保存-kept/kept/-kept, sleep/sli:p/睡覺-slept/slept/-slept,sweep/swi:p/ 掃，掃除-swept/swept/-swept, 6、過去式和過去分詞都以-aught或-ought結(jié)尾的動詞。如：catch/ktS/ 抓住，趕上-caught/kO:t/-caught,teach/ti:tS/教，教書-taught/tO:t/-taught; bring/brIN/拿來，帶來，取來-brought/brO:t/-brought,buy/baI/買-bought/bO:t/-bought, fight/faIt/打架，打架-fought/fO:t/-fought,seek/si:k/ 探尋，爭取-sought/sO:t/-sought, think/TINk/想，認(rèn)為，考慮-thought/TO:t/-thought注意：原形中有字母a的為-aught，其他的是-ought。7、以-ay結(jié)尾的動詞，在過去式和過去分詞中把-ay變成-aid。如：lay/leI/放，擱-laid/leId/-laid,pay/peI/付錢，給報酬-paid/peId/-paid,say/seI/說，講-said/sed/-said8、原形中的字母i改為o。例如：win獲勝，贏 /wIn/-won/wVn/-won shine/SaIn/ 照耀，發(fā)光-shone/SUn/-shone shine/SaIn/ 照耀，發(fā)光- shined/SaInd/-shined9、原形中的字母i改為a。例如：sit/sIt/ 坐-sat/st/-sat,babysit/beIbIsIt/ 臨時照看嬰兒babysat/beIbIst/ -babysat spit/spIt/吐痰-spat/spt/-spat10、原形中的an變?yōu)閛o。例如：stand/stnd/ 站立，忍受，坐落-stood/stUd/-stood, understand/Vndstnd/明白，理解，懂得-understood/VndstUd/-understood 11、原形中的-ell變成-old。如：sell/sel/賣，出售-sold/sUld/-sold, tell/tel/ 講述，告訴，吩咐-told/tUld/-told12、原形中間的元音字母變成u。如：dig/dIg/挖，掘-dug/dVg/-dug ,stick/stIk/粘住釘住，堅持-stuck/stVk/-stuck, hang/hN/懸掛，吊-hung/hVN/-hung,swing/swIN/擺動，舞動-swung/swVN/-swung, 13、其它的變化形式。如：find/faInd/找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)-found/faUnd/-found, flee/fli:/逃跑-fled/fled/-fled, get/get/ 成為，得到，到達(dá)-got/gQt/-got ,have/hv/有，吃，喝，進(jìn)行-had/hd/-had, hear/hI/聽見，得知，聽說-heard/h3:d/-heard ,hold/hUld/握住，舉行-held/held/-held , lead/li:d/領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，帶領(lǐng)-led/led/-led,leave/li:v/離開，遺留，剩下-left/left/-left, light/laIt/點燃-lit/lIt/ -lit,light/laIt/- lighted/laItId/- lighted/laItId/make/meIk/制造，做，使得-made/meId/-made, shoot/SUt/射擊，發(fā)射-shot/SQt/-shot, 四、ABC型：即原形、過去式和過去分詞各不相同。1、原形中含有字母i，在過去式中變?yōu)閍，在過去分詞中變?yōu)閡。如：begin/bIgIn/開始-began/bIgn/-begun/bIgVn/drink/drINk/喝，飲-drank/drNk/-drunk/drVNk/, ring/rIN/響鈴，打電話-rang/rN/-rung/rVN/, sing/sIN/唱歌-sang/sN/-sung /sVN/, sink/sINk/下沉，消沉-sank/sNk/-sunk/sVNk/,swim/swIm/游泳-swam/swm/-swum/swVm/ 2、以字母ow或aw結(jié)尾的動詞，在過去式中變成ew，過去分詞則在原形后加-n。如：blow /blU/吹，刮風(fēng)，吹氣-blew/blu:/-blown/blUn/, grow /grU/成長，種植,變成-grew/gru:/-grown/grUn/know/nU/知道，認(rèn)識，了解-knew/nju:/-known/nUn/throw/TrU/投，擲，扔-threw/Tru:/-thrown/TrUn/,draw/drO:/繪畫，拖，拉-drew/dru:/-drawn/drO:n/另：fly/flaI/飛，飄 -flew/flu:/-flown/flUn/3、原形-ear，過去式-ore，過去分詞-orn。如：bear/be/負(fù)擔(dān)，承受，忍受-bore/bO:/-born/bO:n/bear/be/負(fù)擔(dān)，承受，忍受-bore/bO:/-borne/bO:n/, tear/te/扯破，撕開-tore/tO:/-torn/tO:n/,wear/we/穿，戴-wore/wO:/-worn/wO:n/, 4、過去分詞是在原形詞尾加-n或-en。如：be是-was/were-been, beat /bi:t/敲打，跳動，打贏-beat-beaten/bi:tn/, drive/draIv/駕駛，驅(qū)趕-drove/drUv/-driven/drIvn/eat /i:t/吃-ate/eIt/-eaten/i:tn/, fall /fO:l/落下，倒-fell/fel/-fallen/fO:ln/, forgive /fgIv/原諒，寬恕-forgave/fgeIv/-forgiven/fgIvn/give/gIv/給，付出，遞給-gave/geIv/-given/gIvn/, mistake/mIsteIk/弄錯-mistook/mIstUk/-mistaken/mIsteIkn/rise/raIz/上升，上漲-rose/rUz/-risen/rIzn/,see/si:/看見，領(lǐng)會，拜會-saw/sO:/-seen/si:n/,sew/sU/縫補(bǔ)，縫制-sewed/sUd/-sewn/sUn/sew/sU/縫補(bǔ)，縫制-sewed/sUd/-sewed/sUd/shake/SeIk/震動，動搖-shook/SUk/-shaken/SeIkn/,show/SU/出示，顯示-showed/SUd/-shown/SUn/, show/SU/出示，顯示-showed/SUd/-showed/SUd/,take /teIk/拿走 花費 服用 乘坐-took/tUk/-taken/teIkn/,forbid/fbId/禁止，不許-forbade/fbeId/-forbidden/fbIdn/hide/haId/隱藏，躲藏 -hid/hId/-hidden/hIdn/，rewrite/rIraIt/重寫- rewrote/rIrUt/-rewritten/rIrItn/,ride /raId/騎，乘車-rode/rUd/-ridden/rIdn/, write/raIt/寫，著述 -wrote/rUt/-written/rItn/,5、過去分詞是在過去式后面-n或-en。如：awake喚醒 /weIk/-awoke/wUk/-awoken/wUkn/,break/breIk/打破 損壞 撕開-broke/brUk/-broken/brUkn/choose/tSu:z/選擇-chose/tSUz/-chosen/tSUzn/,freeze/fri:z/結(jié)冰-froze/frUz/-frozen/frUzn/,speak說，講，發(fā)言 /spi:k/-spoke/spUk/-spoken/spUkn/, forget忘記 /fget/-forgot/fgQt/-forgotten/fgQtn/, steal/sti:l/偷盜，竊取-stole/stUl/-stolen/stUln/,wake喚醒，醒來 /weIk/-woke/wUk/-woke