上海牛津 英語(yǔ) 7A U1--U4知識(shí)點(diǎn)和練習(xí).doc

資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò) 如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站 刪除 謝謝 7A M1U1知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)詞匯：1. invite v.邀請(qǐng) n. invitation adj. inviting 吸引人的eg. an invitation to a party.一個(gè)晚會(huì)的邀請(qǐng)eg: The food on the table looks inviting.桌上的食物看上去令人垂涎。 句型：invite sb. to do sth 邀請(qǐng)某人做某事 invite sb to ones party 邀請(qǐng)某人參加聚會(huì)2.expensive adj.昂貴的 n. expense 花費(fèi) 反義詞：cheap, inexpensive 3.talk v.交談 adj. talkative 健談的talk to sb. 和某人說(shuō). talk about sth 談?wù)撽P(guān)于某事 talk with sb: 和某人說(shuō)話 4. agent n. 代理人，代理商 agency n. 代理處5. soon prep. 很快，不久 一般soon所在的句型時(shí)態(tài)用一般將來(lái)時(shí) eg. I will come back soon. 我很快就會(huì)回來(lái) 詞組：as soon as 一.就. eg. I will write to you as soon as I get there. 我一到那兒就寫(xiě)信給你 how soon 多久以后 He will cme back in five minutes. (劃線提問(wèn)) How soon will he come back ？6. end v/n 結(jié)束 ending n. 結(jié)局 endless adj. 無(wú)盡的eg. His life ended. 他的生命結(jié)束了 (此處end為動(dòng)詞)eg. At the end of August. 在八月底。（此處end為名詞）eg. I like films with happy endings best. 我最喜歡圓滿結(jié)局的電影 Travelling give me endless pleasure 旅游給了我無(wú)盡的快樂(lè) 詞組：at the end of 在的盡頭 At the end of August 八月末 She waited for me at the end of the street 她在街角處等我 7.raise vt. 及物動(dòng)詞：使升起 詞組：raise ones hand 舉手 辨析：rise vi.不及物動(dòng)詞 升起 rise up The balloon rose up slowly into the air 氣球在空中緩緩升起。8.national adj. 國(guó)家的，民族的 National Day 國(guó)慶節(jié) 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換： n. nation 國(guó)家，民族 President Clinton speaks to whole nation.克林頓總統(tǒng)對(duì)全國(guó)發(fā)表演講。n. nationality 國(guó)籍 Whats your nationality? 你的國(guó)籍是什么？9. history n. 歷史 a long history 一段悠久的歷史 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：historic adj. 具有歷史意義的 eg. The historic battle changed the fate of two nations.這一歷史戰(zhàn)役改變了兩個(gè)民族的命運(yùn)。historical adj. 歷史上的; 有關(guān)歷史的 eg. We went to see a historical play.我們?nèi)タ戳顺鰵v史劇。10. interest n. 興趣 eg. Do you have any interest in travelling? 你對(duì)旅游有興趣嗎？v. 使感興趣 eg. The book interests me. 這本書(shū)使我感興趣詞性轉(zhuǎn)換： adj. interesting 令人感興趣的，形容物較多 This film is interesting. adj. interested 感興趣的 I am interested in this film 我對(duì)這部電影感興趣句型：have interest in doing sth= show interest in doing sth =be interested in doing sth11. holiday (n) 假日 summer holiday 暑假12. wonderful adj. 奇跡般的，美妙的 eg. Honk Kong is a wonderful city 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：wonderfully adj. 奇跡般地，出色地 eg. He play the piano wonderfully. 他鋼琴?gòu)椀煤馨簟?Wonder n. 奇跡 eg. The Great Wall is a wonder 長(zhǎng)城是一個(gè)奇跡 Wonder v. 感到疑惑，想知道 （want to know）eg. I wonder how he can run so fast. 我想知道他怎么跑那么快13. another(prep)另一個(gè) 詞組：oneanother 一個(gè).另一個(gè) 兩者加起來(lái)不等于全部 eg. You should help one another. 你們應(yīng)該互相幫助。 辨析：one.the other 一個(gè).另一個(gè) 兩者加起來(lái)等于全部 eg. Can you help me find the other shoe? 鞋子只有兩只，所以用the other some. others.一些.其余的.eg. Boys are on the playground,some are playing basketball,the others are playing football. 男孩們都在操場(chǎng)上，一些正在打籃球，其余的正在踢足球.14. relative n. 親戚 eg. Bill is a relative of mine 比爾是我的親戚 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換: relative adj.有關(guān)系的 be relative to 與.有關(guān) relation n. 關(guān)系，親戚 relationship n. 關(guān)系，人際關(guān)系 eg. She has a good relationship with her students 她和她的學(xué)生建立了良好的人際關(guān)系 15.方位詞in/on/to應(yīng)用：Shanghai lies in the east of China 在中國(guó)境內(nèi)Shanghai lies to the south of Beijing=Shanghai lies south of Beijing 不接壤Fengxian district lies on the south of Nanhui district. 接壤16.how問(wèn)句：How+adj 構(gòu)成的疑問(wèn)副詞:How long is this bridge?(詢問(wèn)長(zhǎng)度) It is 500 centimeters long.How long does it take to get to London from here?（詢問(wèn)時(shí)間） About one hour.How many students are there in your class?(詢問(wèn)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量) There are 45 students in my class.How much milk is there in the fridge?（詢問(wèn)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量） There is only a little milk in the fridge.How much is your coat? (詢問(wèn)價(jià)格) $500.How often do you go to the cinema?(問(wèn)頻率) Once a week.How soon will you be back (問(wèn)時(shí)間) 你多久后會(huì)回來(lái)？ In 3 days.How far is it from your home to your school?（問(wèn)距離） About 25 minutes walk. 語(yǔ)法：一、形容詞比較級(jí)：構(gòu)成：1) 規(guī)則變化 1.單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞，加詞尾-er來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)。 talltaller great-greater少數(shù)以-er，-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,末尾加er: clever- cleverer; narrow- narrower 2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音詞和少數(shù)以- le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞只加-r : nice-nicer able- abler 3.以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞，雙寫(xiě)結(jié)尾的輔音字母,再加-er : big-bigger hot- hotter 4.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，改y為i,再加er: easy-easier ; 5.其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在前面加more: important-more important; easily=more easily2) 不規(guī)則變化 :good/well-better bad/ill-worse old-older/elder many/more-much little-less far-farther/further 用法：1.同級(jí)比較：用“as+形容詞原級(jí)+as的結(jié)構(gòu)”例如： Tom is as tall as his brother. My hair is as long as mine.2、在比較級(jí) + than的結(jié)構(gòu)前可以加上某些副詞類的詞，以對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾，如：far（遠(yuǎn)），even（甚至），much（許多），still（更，還），a lot（許多），a little / bit（一點(diǎn)），rather（相當(dāng)?shù)兀?，等等。例如：Shes a little more outgoing than me. My bike is much newer than his.3、 比較級(jí)中的兩個(gè)特殊作用的結(jié)構(gòu)是：a. The + 比較級(jí) + 句子，the + 比較級(jí) + 句子 。它表示的意義是越（怎么樣就）越（怎么樣）：如：The harder you work at your study, the better grades you will have. 學(xué)習(xí)越努力，成績(jī)就越好。The more we get together, the happier well be. 我們聚會(huì)次數(shù)越多越多， 我們就越高興。b. 比較級(jí)+ and + 比較級(jí)。它表示的意義是越來(lái)越（怎么樣），在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中的兩個(gè) 比較級(jí)則要求詞性相同。例如：Our country becomes more and more beautiful.When spring comes, the weather is warmer and warmer.4、比較對(duì)象中一方不及另一方時(shí)，用“not as(so)+形容詞原級(jí)+as ”或“l(fā)ess+形容詞原級(jí)+ than”的結(jié)構(gòu)。 He is not as careful as his sister. = He is less careful than his sister. = His sister is more careful than he.5、在兩者之中選擇“較為 ” 的一個(gè)，比較級(jí)之前加the.例如：Amy is the taller of the two girls. Of the two books, the one on the right is the better. 6、比較級(jí)的形式表達(dá)最高級(jí)的意思。在這種情況下，往往是將一個(gè)人或是一件事與其他所有的人或事相比較。做這種句子時(shí)有一點(diǎn)要特別注意-別忘了常在比較狀語(yǔ)中用any other , else類的字眼，以將比較主體排除在比較對(duì)象以外，因?yàn)樽约翰豢梢耘c自己相比較。例如：He is taller than anyone else in our class. = He is taller than the other students in our class. = He is taller than any other student in our class. = He is the tallest in our class.二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞have（has）+ 過(guò)去分詞，1表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。例如：I have just cleaned my clothes. 我剛洗過(guò)衣服。（“洗衣服”是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“衣服干凈了”）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有： already （”已經(jīng)” 用于肯定句的中間和末尾處）never (“從不” 用于中間處)ever （”曾經(jīng)” 用于疑問(wèn)句和肯定句的中間處）just (“剛剛” 用于中間處)yet (“已經(jīng)” 用于疑問(wèn)句的末尾處 / “還” 用于否定句的末尾處)或不加任何的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至?xí)^續(xù)下去或表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響(一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過(guò)去)。試比較：The plane has arrived . 飛機(jī)已經(jīng)來(lái)了。（說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機(jī)在這兒）The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飛機(jī)是一刻中以前來(lái)的。（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過(guò)去）I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。（表示十五年前的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會(huì)繼續(xù)。）I taught here for a year. 我過(guò)去在這兒教過(guò)一年。（表示“我“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）3.since 和 for 的用法since+過(guò)去點(diǎn)的時(shí)間，for+一段時(shí)間（數(shù)詞+量詞），此劃線部分用how long提問(wèn)。表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：for, since, how long, so far, these days等。(1)since短語(yǔ)或從句表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作延續(xù)至今，since之后的時(shí)間為一點(diǎn)。 如：Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以來(lái)，史密斯先生一直在這工作。Hes learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. 他上大學(xué)以來(lái)大約學(xué)了五千個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。(2)for短語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，for的賓語(yǔ)為時(shí)間段。 如：We have known each other for twenty years. 我們認(rèn)識(shí)有二十年了。I havent seen her for a long time. 我好久沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到她了。have been in, have been to 與have gone to 的用法have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來(lái)上海已經(jīng)有三天了。此外還有這些搭配： have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farm/ abroad4.have(has)been to表示“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。可與just, ever, never等連用例如： I have just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)杭州嗎？have(has) been to 后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過(guò)某地幾次。例如：I have been to Beijing three times. 我去過(guò)北京三次。They have been to that village several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)那個(gè)村莊好幾次了。5.have(has) gone to 意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊?，說(shuō)話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 湯姆在哪里？他到書(shū)店去了。Jack has gone to London. 杰克到倫敦去了。鞏固練習(xí):I. Choose the best answer. (選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢浮? ( )1. Tiananmen Square is in _ centre of Beijing. It is _ open area.A. the, the B. /, an C. the, an D. a, the( )2. The Palace Museum is an interesting place _many ancient buildings. Id like to visit it.A. with B. has C. for D. of ( )3. My plane will arrive at the airport _ the morning of May 15th.A. in B. at C. on D. for( )4. Beijing, the capital of China, is one of _ cities in the world.A. big B. much bigger C. biggest D. the biggest ( )5. You can see the children _ happily on the People Square.A. play B. playing C. are playing D. to play ( )6. Thank you for _ me with the housework.A. helping B. help C. helps D. helped ( )7. It took me more than two hours _ my homework yesterday.A. finish B. will finish C. finished D. to finish ( )8. - _ did the ticket for the book show cost? - Fifty yuan each. A. How long B. How much C. How many D. How often ( )9. - How are you going to Beijing? - Im going to _ a plane. Its faster than a train.A. by B. on C. take D. have( )10. - I will take a trip to London next week. - _A. I sorry to hear that. B. Why? C. Have a good time! D. Youre welcome. ( )11. Today he is _ than yesterday.A. very better B. a little better C. well D. best( )12. The white horse is so _.A. strong B. stronger C. a little stronger D. strongest( )13. Cathy did quite _ in the English test, I did even _. A. better; well B. well; well C. well; better D. better; better( )14. Of the two Australian students, Masha is _ one. I think you can find her easily.A. tallest B. the taller C. taller D. the tallest( )15. The the better. Im shorter of money. A. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. more expensiveII. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. (所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空。) 1. I got an _from my friend yesterday. (invite)2. This year, more _will go to Shanghai for traveling. (tour) 3. We visited a lot of _places in Shanghai. (interest)4. People like to go traveling by train because its _ and more exciting. (cheap)5. The sun and beach can make a _ holiday. (wonder)6. The Qingming Festival has already become a _ holiday in China. (nation)7. Tony would like to be a travel _ when he grows up. (agency)III. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given verbs. （用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空） 1. We (not visit) the Great Wall before.2. There (be) a concert (音樂(lè)會(huì)) at the beach this evening.3. Tim (just see) the film “Tiny Time” (小時(shí)代).4. It (cost) me two hundred yuan to buy my favourite books yesterday.5. your friend always (spend) hours playing games?IV. Rewrite the sentences as required. ( 按要求改寫(xiě)句子，每空格限填一詞。)1. The computer book cost me 10 yuan. (改為否定句)The computer book _ _ me 10 yuan.2. Hes already seen his grandparents.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句) _ he seen his grandparents _?3. I weigh 50kg. My sister weighs 52kg.(保持句意不變) My sister is _ _ I.4. My trip to Xiamen was so wonderful. (劃線提問(wèn)) _ _ your trip to Xiamen?5. Mrs. Green has lived in this small village for about twenty years. (對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)) _ _ has Mrs. Green lived in this small village?6. I see him every morning. He is watering flowers in his garden. (兩句并一句) I see _ _ flowers in his garden every morning. 7. Jackie has got a photograph from his uncle. (一般疑問(wèn)句)_8. It takes 30 minutes to finish doing my homework. (劃線提問(wèn))_ 9. Were going to invite him to our wedding.（改為否定句）_10. The plane tickets cost 500 yuan. (劃線提問(wèn))_11.Peter had some wonderful paintings. (改為否定句)Peter _ _ any wonderful painting.12.The nurse is so busy that she has no time to look after her family. (保持原句意思)The nurse is _ busy _ take care of her family.M1U2 Our animal friends詞匯：1.friend 朋友 make friends with sb. 與某人交朋友2.welcome to the SPCA 歡迎來(lái)到愛(ài)護(hù)動(dòng)物協(xié)會(huì) the SPCA = the society for the Prevention of Cruelty 愛(ài)護(hù)動(dòng)物協(xié)會(huì)3. an SPCA officer 一名愛(ài)護(hù)動(dòng)物協(xié)會(huì)工作人員 office n.辦公室 officer n.官員，職員 society n. 社團(tuán)，協(xié)會(huì)，社會(huì)prevention n.防止，阻止 v. prevent 防止，阻止 prevent sth from doing 防止.不受 prevent sth 防止。 prevent / keep / stop sb from doing sth 防止某人做某事 （keep 后面的from不能省略） prevent animals from danger = keep animals from danger = save animals from danger cruelty n.殘酷 adj. cruel殘酷的 be cruel to sb. 對(duì).殘酷4.leave these puppies in the street 把這些小狗遺棄在街道上 leave: v.遺棄 puppy - puppies n.小狗， 幼犬 in the street 在街道5.have no food or water 沒(méi)有食物和水 or: 否定句中的“和”；肯定句用：and6. take sb. to sp.帶領(lǐng)某人去某地 take-took-takentake them to the SPCA 帶他們到愛(ài)護(hù)動(dòng)物協(xié)會(huì) Take him to a park for a walk every day. bring sth to sb把某物帶給某人 They can bring other animals, like sheep, to the farmer.7.lovely adj. 可愛(ài)的；有吸引力的 v. LoveWould you like to keep one as your pet? 你想要養(yǎng)一條（狗）作為寵物嗎？ keep one as your pet收留一只作為你的寵物 as :作為，當(dāng)作Which one do you like best? 你最喜歡哪個(gè)？I prefer the yellow and brown one. 我喜歡那條棕黃色的（小花狗） the yellow and brown one 黃棕相間的8.prefer v.更喜歡 = like better prefer - preferred - preferred - preferring 1) prefer A to B = like A better than B比起A更喜歡B （A.B為名詞） 2) prefer doing A to doing B = like doing A better than doing B 比起做B來(lái)更喜歡做Aeg. prefer dancing to singing 比起唱歌來(lái)更愛(ài)跳舞 3) prefer +名詞 更喜歡。E.g. I prefer the black one. 我更喜歡黑色的那一只。9.save v.挽救 adj. safe 安全的 n. safety 安全 adv. safely 安全地10. sometimes 有時(shí) some times 好幾次 some time 一段時(shí)間 sometime adv.在某一時(shí)候11. unkind adj.不友善的 反義 kind be kind to sb. 對(duì)和藹可親 be unkind to sb. 對(duì)不友善12. save animals from danger 保護(hù)動(dòng)物遠(yuǎn)離危險(xiǎn) be dangerous to對(duì).危險(xiǎn)13. help animals find their new homes幫助動(dòng)物找到他們的新家 help sb. do sth. / help sb. with sth.幫助某人做某事14. promise to take care of their new pets 承諾照顧他們的新寵物 promise v. 承諾 promise-promised-promised-promising-promises promise (not) to do sth. 承諾（不）做某事15. the vets in the clinic診所的獸醫(yī) clinic n.診所 vet n. 獸醫(yī)16 .clinics for sick animals收治生病動(dòng)物的診所 sick animals生病的動(dòng)物短語(yǔ)：1.give them a booklet to read給他們一些小冊(cè)子看 booklet n.小冊(cè)子2.take care of your new puppy 照顧你的新小狗take care of = look after = care for照顧，照看 care : n. 照顧，照料 take good care of = look after well 更好地照顧3. feed him/her 3-4 times every day. 每天為他 / 她三四次 time n.時(shí)間（不可數(shù)）； 次數(shù) （可數(shù)）4. play with sb 和某人玩耍5.need to buy a lot of things for our puppies 需要為我們的小狗買(mǎi)許多東西 1）need to to sth 需要做某事 2）dont need to do sth.（need 作為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞） = neednt do sth. (need作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞） = dont have to do sth. 不必做某事6. live with dogs in caves 和狗居住在山洞里 cave n. 山洞，洞穴7. Dogs guarded the caves and kept people safe from danger.狗守衛(wèi)者洞穴，使人安全，免遭危險(xiǎn) 1）guard the caves 守衛(wèi)洞穴 guard v. 守衛(wèi)，保衛(wèi) life guards 救生員 guard the houses 守衛(wèi)房屋 2） keep people safe from danger 保護(hù)人們安全免受危險(xiǎn)8. cross the road safely 安全地過(guò)馬路 cross v. 穿過(guò) across prep.介詞 walk across= cross9. help people in many different ways在許多不同的方面幫助人們10. help the police catch thieves 幫助警方抓捕小偷 help sb do sth. police n. 警方（用作復(fù)數(shù)） thief n.小偷 catch thieves 抓小偷11. find missing people 找到失蹤的人12. hunt animals for food 獵殺動(dòng)物獲取食物 hunt v. 獵取，獵殺 hunt for food 獵食13. on their farms 在他們的農(nóng)場(chǎng)里I. Choose the best answer.(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?( ) 1. Dogs show the blind person when it is _ to start walking. A.save B. safe C. safety D. safely( ) 2.When the green light is on, you can go _ the street. A.across B. cross C.through D.though( ) 3.People _ dogs for millions of years A. has kept B.have kept C. keep D.to keep( ) 4.What should we do to _ animals safe from danger?A.keep B. hunt C. feed D.chew( ) 5.-How long_ he _ the sick cat? - For a week.A. did,look after B.does,look after C.are,looking after D.has,looked after( ) 6. Ive got many nice paper planes. Do you like that colourful_? A.one B. ones C. it D. ones( ) 7.In the past, dogs helped people _ animals for food. A.hunting B. hunt C.hunts D.hunted( ) 8.John kept the sick animals _ from danger last night.A. save B.safety C. safe D.safely( ) 9.We must not be _ to animals because they are our best friends.A.kind B. careful C. cruel D.friendly( ) 10.The SPCA is trying to _the animals _danger.A.protect, to B.provide, for C.keep, away D. save, fromII.Rewrite the following sentences as required.（根據(jù)要求改寫(xiě)句子）1. The SPCA takes care of animals in many countries.(保持句意相同)The SPCA animals in many countries.2. We should be kind to animals. (保持句意相同) We shouldnt _ _ to animals.3. He likes the white dog better than the black one. (保持句意相同) He _ the white dog _the black one.4. We must protect animals from danger. (保持句意相同) We must _ animals_danger.5.We love animals and animals love us. (保持句意相同) We and animals love .III. Choose the word from the brackets to complete the following sentences.1. At last, the policemen found the _(lose/lost) dog.2. To study maths well is very useful _（in/at）many ways.3.We must stop at the _(cross/crossing) when the