計算機(jī)英語課后單詞匯總.doc

第一單元 計算機(jī)與計算機(jī)科學(xué)1.artificialintelligence人工智能2.paper-tapereader紙帶閱讀器3.opticalcomputer光計算機(jī)4. neuralnetwork神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)5.instructionset指令集6.parallelprocessing并行處理7.differenceengine差分機(jī)8.versatilelogicalelement通用邏輯元件9.siliconsubstrate硅基10.vacuumtube真空管11.數(shù)據(jù)的存儲于處理 thestorageandhandlingofdata12.超大規(guī)模集成電路verylarge-scaleintegratedcircuit13.中央處理器centralprocessingunit14.個人計算機(jī)personalcomputer15.模擬計算機(jī)analoguecomputer16.數(shù)字計算機(jī)digitalcomputer17. 通用計算機(jī)general-purposecomputer18. 處理器芯片processorchip19. 操作指令operatinginstructions20. 輸入設(shè)備inputdevice第二單元 計算機(jī)體系結(jié)構(gòu)1.functionkey功能鍵，操作鍵2.voicerecognitionmodule語音識別模塊3.touch-sensitiveregion觸敏區(qū)4.addressbus地址總線5.flatbedscanner平板掃描儀6.dot-matrixprinter點(diǎn)陣打印機(jī)（針式打印機(jī)）7.parallelconnection并行連接8.cathoderaytube陰極射線管9.videogame電子游戲10.audiosignal音頻信號11.操作系統(tǒng)operatingsystem12.液晶顯示（器）LCD(liquidcrystaldisplay)13.噴墨打印機(jī)inkjetprinter14.數(shù)據(jù)總線databus15.串行連接serialconnection16.易失性存儲器volatilememory17.激光打印機(jī)laserprinter18.磁盤驅(qū)動器diskdrive19.基本輸入/輸出系統(tǒng)BIOS(BasicInput/OutputSystem)20.視頻顯示器videodisplay第三單元 計算機(jī)語言與編程1. storageregister存儲寄存器2.functionstatement函數(shù)語句3.programstatement程序語句4. object-orientedlanguage面向?qū)ο笳Z言5.assemblylanguage匯編語言6.intermediatelanguage中間語言，中級語言7.relationallanguage關(guān)系（型）語言8.artificiallanguage人工語言9.datadeclaration數(shù)據(jù)聲明10.SQL結(jié)構(gòu)化查詢語言11.可執(zhí)行程序executableprogram12.程序模塊programmodule13.條件語句conditionalstatement14.賦值語句assignmentstatement15. 邏輯語言logiclanguage16. 機(jī)器語言machinelanguage17.函數(shù)式語言functionallanguage18.程序設(shè)計語言programminglanguage19.運(yùn)行計算機(jī)程序runacomputerprogram20.計算機(jī)程序員computerprogrammer第四單元 軟件開發(fā)1.inferenceengine推理機(jī)2.systemcall系統(tǒng)調(diào)用3.compiledlanguage編譯執(zhí)行的語言4.parallelcomputing并行計算5.patternmatching模式匹配6.memorylocation存儲單元7.interpreterprogram解釋程序8.libraryroutine庫程序，程序庫例行程序9.intermediateprogram中間程序，過渡程序10.sourcefile源文件11.解釋執(zhí)行的語言interpretedlanguage12.設(shè)備驅(qū)動程序devicedriver13.源程序sourceprogram14.調(diào)試程序debuggingprogram15.目標(biāo)代碼objectcode16.應(yīng)用程序applicationprogram17.實(shí)用程序utilityprogram18.邏輯程序logicprogram19.墨盒inkcartridge20.程序的存儲與執(zhí)行programstorageandexecution第六單元 數(shù)據(jù)庫1. enduser最終用戶，終端用戶2.atomicoperation原子操作3.databaseadministrator數(shù)據(jù)庫管理員4.relationaldatabasemodel關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫模型5.localdata本地數(shù)據(jù)6.object-orienteddatabase面向?qū)ο髷?shù)據(jù)庫7.databasemanagementsystem(DBMS)數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)8.entity-relationshipmodel(ERM)實(shí)體關(guān)系模型9. distributeddatabase分布式數(shù)據(jù)庫10. Flat file平面文件11.二維表two-dimensionaltable12.數(shù)據(jù)屬性dataattribute13. 數(shù)據(jù)庫對象databaseobject14. 存儲設(shè)備storagedevice15. 數(shù)據(jù)類型datatype16. 數(shù)據(jù)插入與刪除datainsertionanddeletion17. 層次數(shù)據(jù)庫模型hierarchicaldatabasemodel18. 數(shù)據(jù)庫體系結(jié)構(gòu)databasearchitecture19. 關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)relational database management system (RDBMS)20. 全局控制總線globalcontrolbus第七單元 計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)1.fileserver文件服務(wù)器2. carriersense載波檢測，載波監(jiān)聽3.protocolsuite協(xié)議組，協(xié)議集4.peer-to-peermodel對等模型5.bustopologynetwork總線拓?fù)渚W(wǎng)絡(luò)6.inter-machinecooperation機(jī)器間合作，計算機(jī)間合作7.Ethernetprotocolcollection以太網(wǎng)協(xié)議集8.proprietarynetwork專有網(wǎng)絡(luò)9.utilitypackage實(shí)用軟件包，公用程序包10.starnetwork星形網(wǎng)絡(luò)11.局域網(wǎng)localareanetwork(LAN)12.令牌環(huán)tokenring13.無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)wirelessnetwork14.封閉式網(wǎng)絡(luò)closednetwork15.環(huán)形拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)ringtopology16.客戶機(jī)/服務(wù)器模型client/servermodel17.網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用程序networkapplication18.進(jìn)程間通信interprocesscommunication19.打印服務(wù)器printserver20.廣域網(wǎng)wideareanetwork(WAN)第八單元 因特網(wǎng) 1.cellphone蜂窩電話，移動電話，手機(jī)2. IPaddress網(wǎng)際協(xié)議地址，IP地址3.autonomoussystem自主系統(tǒng)4. dial-upconnection撥號連接5. networkidentifier網(wǎng)絡(luò)標(biāo)識符6. binarynotation二進(jìn)制記數(shù)法7.mnemonicname助記名，縮寫名8. Internet-widedirectorysystem因特網(wǎng)范圍的目錄系統(tǒng)9.nameserver名稱服務(wù)器10. Internetinfrastructure因特網(wǎng)基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)11. 助記地址mnemonicaddress12.網(wǎng)吧cybercafe13.寬帶因特網(wǎng)訪問broadbandInternetaccess14.頂級域名top-leveldomain(TLD)15.因特網(wǎng)編址Internetaddressing16.點(diǎn)分十進(jìn)制記數(shù)法dotteddecimalnotation17.因特網(wǎng)服務(wù)提供商Internetserviceprovider(ISP)18.專用因特網(wǎng)連接dedicatedInternetconnection19.主機(jī)地址hostaddress20.硬件與軟件支持hardwareandsoftwaresupport第七單元選詞填空 Computers can communicate with other computers through a series of connections and associated hardware called a network. The advantage of a network is that data can be exchange rapidly,and software and hardware resources ,such as hard-disk space or printers ,can be shared. Networks also allow remote use of a computer by a user who cannot physically access the computer. One type of network, a local area network(LAN),consists several PCs or workstation connected to a special computer called a server,often within the same building or office complex .The server stores and manage programs and data.A server often contains all of a networked groups data and enables LAN workstations or PCs to be set up without large storage capabilities. In this scenario(方案),each PC may have “l(fā)ocal” memory (for example,a hard drive) specific to itself,but the bulk of storage resides on the server.This r