遼寧省盤(pán)錦市高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空和閱讀理解暑假練習(xí)（1）.doc

遼寧省盤(pán)錦市2016高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空和閱讀理解暑假練習(xí)（1）語(yǔ)法填空。閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式?！具|寧卷題型】a: are you looking forward_1_your trip to canada, susan? b: i cant wait_2_(see)canada, jason, but im scared stiff of the journey. my husband insists_3_flying, but i want to sail. planes make me nervous.a: theres nothing to be frightened of. how many planes fly across the atlantic every day?b: ive no idea. hundreds, i suppose.a: and_4_do you hear of a crash? once or twice a year?b: yes, but aeroplanes fly so high and fast_5_once is enough. a: there are_6_(many)road accidents per day than air deaths per year. air transport is really safe_7_(compare)with road transport.b: i still prefer to go_8_. ships may not travel fast_9_at least you can relax. id love a trip on a luxury liner like the queen elizabeth .a: its fine if youre a good sailor, but have you ever traveled far in a rough sea?b: no. ive only been in a boat once. i sailed down the river thames on a sightseeing tour, but in any case id rather_10_(am)seasick than dead.1_2._3._4._5._6_7._8._9._10._答案：1.to2.to see3.on4.how often5.that6.more 7compared8.by sea9.but10.be 語(yǔ)法填空。閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式?！救珖?guó)新課標(biāo)卷題型】the woman often called the first lady of new york died on august. brooke astor was one hundred five years old. the extremely wealthy and famous new yorker spent much of her life_1_(help)the needy in her beloved city.she was born in portsmouth, new hampshire. she was the only child of a high level military officer. after two earlier_2_(marry) ，she married vincent astor in 1953 again. he came from a family_3_had been rich for least one hundred years. among other things, he owed many buildings in new york city. brooke astor became one of the_4_(rich)women in the world when vincent astor died. she also became head of a huge charity organization_5_(found) by her husband. he repeatedly had told her she would have fun giving_6_his money. and apparently she did. miss astor gave tens of millions of dollars_7_(main)to places and people in new york city. she said it was the sensible choice because that was_8_the money had been made. she gave financial support to the citys cultural centers，its poor and disabled as_9_as to many other smaller charities. when she died, the mayor of new york said the city would not be what it is today_10_her support.1_2._3._4._5._6_7._8._9._10._答案：41.helping42.marriages43.that/which44.richest45.founded46.away47.mainly48.where49.well50.without閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的a.b.c和d項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)?！癮mericas no.1 health problem.” so reads the headline of an article published by the american institute of stress that claims the biggest threat to health today is neither cancer nor aids. the report says: “it has been estimated（估計(jì)）that 75 to 90 percent of all visits to primary care physicians are for stress related problems.” it is no exaggeration（夸張）to say that people today are being attacked by stress. according to the national consumers league, “work is the top source of stress for adults who have problems and stress in their lives (39%), followed by family (30%). other sources include health (10%), concern about the economy (9%) and concern about international conflict and terrorism (4%).”however, stress is hardly unique to the united states. a british survey in 2005 estimated that “over half a million individuals in britain believed in 2004 that they were experiencing work-related stress at a level that was making them ill.” as a result of “work-related stress, depression or anxiety,” there are “an estimated thirteen and a half million reported lost working days per year in britain.” the picture is no less bleak in mainland europe. according to the european agency for safety and health at work, “work-related stress has been shown to affect millions of european workers across all types of employment sectors.” one survey revealed that there are “about 41 million workers affected by work-related stress each year.” what about asia? a report issued by a conference held in tokyo concluded: “job stress is a common concern among many countries in the world, both developing and industrialized countries.” the report observed that “several countries in east asia, including china and korea, have rapidly industrialized and economically grown. these countries now have a lot of concerns on job stress and its harmful effects on workers health.” 1. the author quoted “americas no.1 health problem.” (para. 1) in order to _. a. talk about health problems in america b. introduce the topic of stress c. emphasize the stress in america d. tell readers something about american institute of stress 答案解析：答案為b。本題為推理題。本文的內(nèi)容是為了揭示世界上人們的工作壓力非常大，對(duì)健康造成了威脅，因此作者在開(kāi)頭使用“americas no.1 health problem”是為了引入壓力的話題，故答案為b。2. from the passage we can learn that . a. both cancer and aids are not as serious as the threat of stress to healthb. stress is mainly from working and living pressurec. americans never care about international conflict and terrorismd. people in mainland europe are more optimistic than english people答案解析：答案為b。本題為細(xì)節(jié)推理題。由第二段 “work is the top source of stress for adults who have problems and stress in their lives (39%), followed by family (30%). other sources include health (10%), concern about the economy (9%) and concern about international conflict and terrorism (4%).” 可知，工作和家庭生活中的壓力比重最大，故b選項(xiàng)正確，c選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。由第一段 “americas no.1 health problem.” so reads the headline of an article published by the american institute of stress that claims the biggest threat to health today is neither cancer nor aids.”可知，癌癥和艾滋病沒(méi)有壓力帶給健康的威脅那么嚴(yán)重的情況是在美國(guó)，不具有普遍性，故a選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。第三段揭示了英國(guó)人的工作壓力非常大，第四段的首句理解是關(guān)鍵 “the picture is no less bleak in mainland europe.” 意為“歐洲大陸的情況依舊不容樂(lè)觀”，故d選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。3. it can be inferred from the last paragraph that _. a. asian people are more willing to develop their countriesb. the rapid economic development is the main reason for stress c. some people in asian countries have health problems from employment stress d. asian countries have a better situation of stress than europe 答案解析：答案為c。本題為推理題。最后一段揭示了亞洲的壓力情況，由該段的最后一句話 “these countries now have a lot of concerns on job stress and its harmful effects on workers health.” 可知，一些亞洲國(guó)家的工作壓力也影響了人們的健康，故c選項(xiàng)正確，b選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不是壓力的主要原因，壓力來(lái)自工作。a、d選項(xiàng)未提，均不選。4. whats the main subject of the passage? a. stress attacking health.b. how to deal with stress.c. a survey on working stress.d. health problems around the world.答案解析：答案為a。本題考查文章的主題。全文揭示了在美國(guó)，歐洲，亞洲人們的工作壓力對(duì)健康造成了威脅，故答案為a?！鹃喿x理解】 for those who study the development of intelligence (智力) in the animal world，selfawareness is an important measurement. an animal that is aware (意識(shí)) of itself has a high level of intelligence. awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror, that is, its own reflected image (反射出的影像). many animals fail this exercise bitterly, paying very little attention to the reflected image. only humans，and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins，have been shown to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves.now another animal has joined the club. in the proceedings of the national academy of sciences, researchers report that an asian elephant has passed the mirror selfreflection test. “we thought that elephants were the next important animal，”said diana reiss of the wildlife conservation society, an author of the study with joshua m. plotnik and fansb. m. de waal of emory university. with their large brains，reiss said, elephants “seemed like cousins to apes and dolphins.”the researchers tested happy. maxine and patty, three elephants at the bronx zoo. they put an 8footsquare mirror on a wall of the animals play area (out of the sight of zoo visitors) and recorded what happened with cameras, including one built in the mirror.the elephants used their long noses to find what was behind it，and to examine parts of their bodies.of the three, happy then passed the test，in which a clear mark was painted on one side of her face. she could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror, and she used the mirror to touch the mark with her long nose.diana reiss said，“we knew elephants were intelligent, but now we can talk about their intelligence in a better way.”文章通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)說(shuō)明能意識(shí)到自身形象的動(dòng)物具有高智商。1. what can mirror tests tell us about animals?a. whether they have large brains. b. whether they have selfawareness.c. whether they enjoy outdoor exercises. d. whether they enjoy playing with mirrors.答案：b。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段第一句話“awareness can be tested by.”可知b項(xiàng)正確。2. why does the author mention apes and dolphins in the text?a. they are most familiar to readers.b. they are big favorites with zoo visitors.c. they are included in the study by reiss.d. they are already known to be intelligent.答案：d。推理判斷題。由第二段最后一句可知人們已經(jīng)知道apes和dolphins是聰明的。3. what made happy different from maxine and patty?a. she used her nose to search behind the mirror.b. she recognized her own image in the mirror.c. she painted a mark on her own face.d. she found the hidden camera.答案：b。推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段可推出happy能辨別出自己在鏡子中的形象。閱讀理解概述（1） 考綱解讀閱讀理解作為考查考生語(yǔ)言能力的重點(diǎn)， 要求考生讀懂熟悉的有關(guān)日常生活話題的簡(jiǎn)短文字材料?？忌鷳?yīng)能：理解主旨要義；理解文中的具體信息；作出簡(jiǎn)單判斷和推理；理解文章的基本邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)；理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度。其具體要求為：(1)能夠讀懂生詞率不超過(guò)3%的短文；(2)把握短文的主要線索；(3)能夠?qū)Χ涛膬?nèi)容作出簡(jiǎn)單以及抽象的判斷；(4)理解短文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，了解重點(diǎn)段落、重點(diǎn)詞句的含義，推測(cè)作者意圖，把握文章脈絡(luò)；(5)熟悉掌握實(shí)用性的文章，如：書(shū)刊、影視、產(chǎn)品等方面的廣告、說(shuō)明、通知、社評(píng)、旅游等。命題分析2011年廣東高考的閱讀理解題呈現(xiàn)出以下特點(diǎn)： (1)體裁多樣，選材新穎，話題廣泛。體裁的多樣化是最顯著的特點(diǎn)，涉及記敘文、說(shuō)明文、和議論文。 (2)語(yǔ)言地道，題型合理。材料都是選取原汁原味的英語(yǔ)文章，所選的材料均來(lái)源于實(shí)際生活，涉及的內(nèi)容也是實(shí)際生活內(nèi)容，強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)篇選材的真實(shí)性。在題型設(shè)計(jì)上，包括細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、主旨大意題和詞義猜測(cè)題等幾大題型。應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛一、掌握策略，戰(zhàn)無(wú)不勝閱讀理解無(wú)論從難度還是從分?jǐn)?shù)所占比重都應(yīng)該受到學(xué)生的重視，但很多同學(xué)在做閱讀理解時(shí)總是感覺(jué)時(shí)間不夠用，其實(shí)只要靈活處理好以下幾個(gè)方面的關(guān)系，這個(gè)問(wèn)題便可迎刃而解。1正確處理好“快”與“準(zhǔn)”關(guān)系在準(zhǔn)確把握文章整體、細(xì)節(jié)以及嚴(yán)密推理的基礎(chǔ)上，盡量提高閱讀速度，而不是單純地追求閱讀速度。這樣對(duì)文章的理解就會(huì)非常清晰，哪些題目是自己有把握的，哪些是拿不準(zhǔn)的心里也就有了底。然后對(duì)自己拿不準(zhǔn)的題目再仔細(xì)推敲，力爭(zhēng)有所突破。2正確處理好復(fù)雜句式、生詞和選擇答案的關(guān)系高考閱讀的長(zhǎng)句、難句的數(shù)量逐年增多。結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、修飾語(yǔ)疊綴、信息容量大的句子在新課標(biāo)的高考試卷中頻頻出現(xiàn)，有時(shí)一個(gè)句子占幾行甚至一個(gè)自然段。這就造成了理解的困難，而且也增加了考生的心理壓力。為此，建議大家對(duì)這些攔路虎加以正確區(qū)分對(duì)待：與題目無(wú)關(guān)，不影響理解文章大意的，就不必浪費(fèi)時(shí)間和精力；相反，那些和題目相關(guān)的長(zhǎng)難句，我們就要首先分析其類(lèi)型(是帶有較多成分的簡(jiǎn)單句，還是含有多個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的并列句，還是含有多個(gè)從句的復(fù)合句，還是含有多個(gè)插入成分的句子)，然后理清句子成分，去除干擾成分，抓住句子主干，這樣就能準(zhǔn)確把握句子的意義。對(duì)待生詞也應(yīng)該采取同樣的方法，首先看看生詞是否與題目、文章的大意有關(guān)，如果是題目要求所必需的，我們就要弄清楚生詞所處的語(yǔ)境，以及和下文的聯(lián)系，推測(cè)生詞的含義，否則就忽略它。3正確處理好所需信息與剩余信息的關(guān)系我們?cè)谧鲱}時(shí)，沒(méi)有必要把每一句都弄得清清楚楚，只要重點(diǎn)理解與題目有關(guān)的信息就可以了。這就要求考生在答題時(shí)，最好先大體瀏覽一下文后的題目，確定主攻方向，然后帶著問(wèn)題閱讀文章，特別要關(guān)注首尾段和首尾句，把握文章的主題和脈絡(luò)，摘取有用的材料，舍棄無(wú)關(guān)的信息。然后針對(duì)測(cè)試題的要求，細(xì)心閱讀與問(wèn)題有關(guān)的段落、句子或詞匯。4所選有據(jù)，忠實(shí)原文，避免主觀做題時(shí)，我們必須以作者的思維模式為準(zhǔn)繩，以原文提供的事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)和邏輯關(guān)系為自己思維活動(dòng)的基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)，切忌把自己的觀點(diǎn)和看法當(dāng)作原文或作者的觀點(diǎn)。同時(shí)，符合原文的答案是正確答案但不一定就是最佳答案，閱讀題要求選的是最佳答案，有的答案從某個(gè)枝節(jié)來(lái)看是對(duì)的，但從全文來(lái)看則不是最佳的，因此，必須通盤(pán)考慮，取主要，舍枝節(jié)。 二、明確步驟，戰(zhàn)無(wú)不勝第一步，閱讀題干，明確問(wèn)題。在閱讀文章之前，可以通過(guò)題干對(duì)文章進(jìn)行初步了解。這樣，在下一步閱讀時(shí)就可以針對(duì)問(wèn)題直接找答案，減少了盲目性。第二步，快速掌握大意，不在細(xì)節(jié)上糾纏。在第一步的基礎(chǔ)上迅速閱讀并對(duì)文章有大致的了解。這是選出正確答案的前提。第三步，閱讀問(wèn)題題干及其選項(xiàng)，在文中尋找相關(guān)的材料并預(yù)選答案?？稍谖闹邢鄳?yīng)處做出標(biāo)記，以便進(jìn)一步了解并最終確定答案。第四步，帶著問(wèn)題略讀原文，確定答案。答完所有題目后，再快速閱讀一遍文章，檢查各題所選答案是否正確。查看各題答案是否前后照應(yīng)，與原文有無(wú)矛盾，文中是否有疏漏的重要線索。三、知己知彼，減少失誤有時(shí)候四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中總有一個(gè)極易誤選，很多同學(xué)感觸頗深，因此，了解閱讀理解題中干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)，可以大大減少我們不必要的失誤。概括起來(lái)，干擾項(xiàng)可分為以下三種類(lèi)型：1與原文矛盾。即選項(xiàng)與文章內(nèi)容相矛盾。這種選項(xiàng)的干擾性較小，只要仔細(xì)閱讀就可排除。2無(wú)中生有。即選項(xiàng)與文章內(nèi)容不矛盾，但在文中沒(méi)有相關(guān)信息支持，沒(méi)有根據(jù)。這類(lèi)選項(xiàng)的干擾較大。在做此類(lèi)題時(shí)，切忌把自己或他人觀點(diǎn)作為選擇依據(jù)。3答非所問(wèn)。選題與題目關(guān)系不大，選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有針對(duì)題目來(lái)闡述。這類(lèi)題目干擾性也較大。同學(xué)們?cè)谧龃祟?lèi)題時(shí)，不僅要判斷選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容的正確性，還應(yīng)注意選項(xiàng)是否針對(duì)題目。【浙江省2014高考英語(yǔ)模擬沖刺卷】閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（a、b、c和d）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該選項(xiàng)標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。top four ways to build a wonderful life1. live below your meansthere will always be temptation to give up the future for immediate pleasure. we all want to buy that new piece of technology, treat ourselves to an expensive night on the town, or take out a loan for the flashy car we cant afford. it might feel great at the time but unwise spending hurts a lot later on. enjoy lifes simple pleasures and save as much as you can. expensive things dont create lasting happiness and security. careful spending will bring you greater leisure and enjoyment in the long run.2. put your money to worksaving is great, but to make the most of your money you need to put it to work. good investments can be the difference between retiring in your 40s or in your 60s. a post today at the simple dollar really got me thinking. according to trents estimates, if a person in their early 20s invests 20% of their income in an s&p index fund, the interest they earn will equal their current salary when they reach their early 40s. they could retire without a drop in income! wise investing is the surest path to financial independence and its something everyone can work on. its definitely an area ill be devoting more attention to in my personal life.3. educate yourselfto be happy we need continuous growth. the best way to grow is life-long education. this doesnt mean you need to pursue a doctorate or spend 2 hours reading every day. self-education can be anything that takes you out of your comfort zone. the important part is keeping an open mind and searching for fresh ideas and perspectives. education builds over time. it might feel like the bits of wisdom you acquire dont mean much, but over the years they add up to form a wiser, kinder, more interesting person. 4. develop lasting personal relationshipssuppose you had everything you wanted. would you be happy without anyone to share it with? the personal relationships we develop with friends and family members are the greatest source of happiness in our lives. dont forget about them. taking the time to cultivate and enjoy personal relationships is essential to long-term happiness. without the people you care about youll probably be miserable, no matter how successful you become.46.according to the passage, in order to achieve financial independence after retirement, wed better _.a. get along well with our family and friendsb. bring ourselves leisure as well as enjoymentc. invest our money wisely when we are youngd. learn some new skills and try to find a new job47.from the passage we can infer that some people try to _.a. gain happiness by buying themselves expensive things b. save everything they can to help those in needc. devote more attention to their personal lifed. take out a loan to promote technology48.the author of the passage may agree that the key to self-education is _.a. gaining as many degrees as possibleb. being open to new ideas and viewsc. only focusing on very big eventsd. creating long-term happiness49.the above passage is written in order to _.a. explain what true happiness is aboutb. offer ways to achieve a happy and successful lifec. introduce different definitions about happiness d. persuade readers to find out the meaning of life46.c 根據(jù)文章第二段trent的估計(jì)內(nèi)容，以及后面兩個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容可以知道。 47.a 根據(jù)文章的第一段倒數(shù)第二句話（昂貴的物品并不能帶來(lái)持久的幸福和安全）可知。48.b 根據(jù)文章第三段the important part is keeping an open mind and searching for fresh ideas and perspectives可知。 49.b 本題考查對(duì)文章寫(xiě)作意圖的把握，文章的四個(gè)段落都是用來(lái)向讀者介紹一些創(chuàng)造美好生活的技巧和方法的，所以應(yīng)該選b。【陜西省2014五校聯(lián)考】a閱讀下列四篇短文, 從每小題后所給的a、b、c、d四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng), 并在答題卡上將該選項(xiàng)涂黑。 the crowd at the airport flowed forward. the passengers had been waiting for a couple of hours for an airline employee to open the door leading to the plane outside. no one was in a good mood. an old man got trapped in the middle of the rush. he fell down without being able to break his fall. his head hit the concrete floor. blood poured from his forehead. he appeared to be unconscious. everyone rushed past him, except dana. she called for help. a minute later, a young air