我國(guó)專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)現(xiàn)狀問(wèn)題與對(duì)策外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯/汽車(chē)車(chē)輛類(lèi)中英文翻譯/外文翻譯

黑龍江工程學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)  1 附錄 A Present Existing Problems and Strategies about Special Purpose Vehicle in China In today's world, with the rapid development of economy, the highway mileage of the rapid increase. Steam.The car to specialization, and the fast pace, the trend of the development of the ChongXingHua direction is more and more obvious, contributed to AD.Use the car demand increases year by year. A. has become a transportation and various special purpose of main.B. in the automobile industry, the pivotal status. A special car is to point to put a special feature.With equipment, have the special function, used to undertake special transportation tasks or special operations of steam.Car LlJ, special vehicle and the research, production and application in achieving specialization not only transport and homework.Aspects of a functional by society, attention and welcome, and enhance the transport in efficiency, reduce the transportation into.The application of this, expanding car field play an extremely important role. 1. the development of specialized automobile in brief  Our country special automobile production is the 1960 s in the military vehicle, fire The foundation of the vehicle by the developed gradually. In the 70 s, some special automobile manufacturers According to the different national economic sectors need, formed his own product features, and gradually become A certain categories of backbone enterprise specialized in automotive production. Such as manufacturing semi-trailers hanyang special cars Factory, production powder of special car factory, wuhan tanker refrigerating automobile production of zhenjiang refrigeration steam Depot, etc. ". In the 80 s, along with the development of national economy, a special car got bigger.In the car industry development, formed in the special automobile industry factory independent, and become the economic construction Snow to transport and work equipment. 1993 1996 years, due to the national macroeconomic The influence of the control policy, a special car market development have been stagnant. 1998 years After weeks of expanding domestic demand, home increase input in the construction of a copy and so on a series of positive financial administration For a special car, at the same time as the automobile industry of the development of a key, expanded in special steam The car needs, by 2000, China's national 黑龍江工程學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)  2 economy operation to make major turning point, economy into a Rapid growth, a special car market went out of whack. The market size, volume increases for Elsevier date: 2008-10 a plus 14 Rise. In 2000, the production of various kinds of special automobile (including dump truck, half hanged tractor, etc.) and. Ol A 2 |, accounting for about 25% of commercial vehicles. By 2006 up to 562000 vehicles. Accounting for years Goods of the car around 40%. This shows that the Chinese commercial vehicles with the speed of the following in constantly Fast, following the trend is more and more obvious. Figure l for 1998-2006 China's special vehicle The production status.      Fig 1 Special Purpose Vehicle Production of China from 1998 tO 2006 Our country a special car after 40 DuoNian development, it has 1 million cars in The production ability, constantly optimize the structure of the company, have a lot of enterprises to participate in international competition Industry, in product variety, class, process equipment, independent research and development capacity and a big lift High, about 60% of the special automobile production enterprise has complete product research and development system. Some less Some products have reached the international advanced level. Watch for 2003 2006 l special steam in our country Import and export situation, we can see that car. In 2003, a special car imported J 285 cars, exports 841 cars, exports account for 65% of the amount into r d, to 2006, to reduce the amount into L1 625 cars, out 1:3 quantity but increased to 4479 vehicles, exports is 7.2 times of imports. Therefore, our country A special car has basically realize from the transformation of import to export.  2. our country the existing problems in the development of a special car  In global terms, our country a special car present a van to turn, ChongXingHua, intelligent, high grade Change, the development trend of the multi-polarization. And with 黑龍江工程學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)  3 the new industry, the incessant, and development, in the AD Door transport and special the homework is more and more obvious superiority, special vehicle market is in fast Speed growth period. But, our country special automobile industry overall and to Europe, the U.S., Japan and other countries and The advanced level of area compared, also has the very big disparity is still relatively low level of competition, the main body serious Now the following respects. 1) production enterprise had spread too much  In recent years, the rapid growth of economy and the rapid construction of expressway, prompting many enterprise Invest in van, tank car to car, dump and special semi-trailer which mainly low, medium The value added products specialized automobile production in, they or expand series, or to increase production. to Make the above all kinds of products are several hundred enterprise production. But the domestic market of use has more High technology content and high value-added products, special car only comes from domestic enterprise and a few Foreign enterprise. At present our country most special automobile production enterprise symptoms is: ChangDian volume is dispersed, Small, development ability is weak. Table 2 for 2006 years in China production enterprise (special vehicle production The main car factory) divided by production situation, we can find that, production in the l 000 vehicle The QiYeShu modified enterprise of under 76.6% of the total, enterprise, ChanChang number production quantity Less. The problem is: which has process equipment level behind and low production efficiency； Repeat born Production is serious, serious comprehensive production capacity surplus； Product quality is uneven, marketing means of a single, Enterprise profit ability is poor, participate in international market competition ability are relatively weak.  2) product structure is not reasonable  Trucks, buses specialty extent will promote transportation efficiency and the quality of the homework now High. The 20 th century, s in many developed countries from truck chassis. Based on IIii adapted to Auto possession of special accounts for about 50% of the trucks quantities, now has been increased to 80% in the four J. Our country a special car start later, after DuoNian development, although before and already has a life Production scale, become an important part of the automobile industry in our country, but a special car 黑龍江工程學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)  4 quantities of load Van quantities is still less than 40%. The developed countries of parts of specialized automobile products to ChongXingHua, Special function of strong, high technical content the direction of development, and the market demand, the variety has a match More than 6 000, the product structure is reasonable, and heavy, medium, the proportion of 3:4:3 close to light. I Countries at present a special car varieties although has reached 000, but 5 heavy, medium, light ratio for 2:5:3. Because of the road conditions and special automobile chassis production in our country, the limit of a car Straight to medium to give priority to. The proportion of heavy car obviously low, the product structure is not reasonable, and skills Art and quality level also intermingled.  3) technology including the higher product development ability of autonomous  A special car is a kind of high technology products, it will machinery, electronics, hydraulic, chemical, environmental protection On fields of advanced technology in a modular integration special automobile chassis, so as to realize Certain specific functions ", so the car production characteristics is high technical requirements and many varieties, Small batch, market demand change quickly. Foreign exclusive products used car basically brought The advanced technology, related domain product development innovation quick ly to the largest extent satisfy user The special needs. And our country special automobile in output is already has a large scale, but the majority Is labor-intensive low technical content of products, such as semi-trailer, dump. Some technical The content is higher specialized automobile products production, but not very few enterprise by introducing Technology and own development reached higher level. Due to insufficient investment in technology, lack of funds Giants. Lack of innovation, independent development ability is weak, result in some high technology content of products and shut Key parts still needs to import, such as hydraulic parts, pumps, valves, control of instruments and other M J, so restricted The high level of the development and production of special cars. At the same time, domestic some strong car manufacturers In product technology and capital investment, there is also a lay particular stress on the car, of cars, buses and special light Car (special automobile chassis) phenomenon.   黑龍江工程學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)  5 附錄 B 我國(guó)專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)現(xiàn)狀問(wèn)題與對(duì)策       當(dāng)今世界，隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，高速公路里程的迅速增加。汽車(chē)向?qū)I(yè)化、高速化、重型化方向發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)越來(lái)越明顯，促使對(duì)專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)的需求逐年增加。專(zhuān)用車(chē)已成為運(yùn)輸及各種特殊用途的主力車(chē)種，在汽車(chē)工業(yè)中占有舉足輕重的地位。專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)是指裝霞有專(zhuān)用設(shè)備、具備專(zhuān)用功能、用于承擔(dān)專(zhuān)門(mén)運(yùn)輸任務(wù)或?qū)ｍ?xiàng)作業(yè)的汽車(chē)，專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)的研制、生產(chǎn)和應(yīng)用不僅在實(shí)現(xiàn)專(zhuān)業(yè)化運(yùn)輸和作業(yè)方面受到社會(huì)的，一泛重視和歡迎，而且在提高運(yùn)輸效率、降低運(yùn)輸成本、擴(kuò)大汽車(chē)的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域等方面都發(fā)揮著極重要的作用。  1）我國(guó)專(zhuān)用 汽車(chē)的發(fā)展簡(jiǎn)況       我國(guó)專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)的生產(chǎn)是 20 世紀(jì) 60 年代初在軍用改裝車(chē)、消防改裝車(chē)的基礎(chǔ)卜逐步發(fā)展起來(lái)的。 70 年代，一些專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)生產(chǎn)廠家根據(jù)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)各部門(mén)的不同需要，形成了自己的產(chǎn)品特色，逐步成為某一門(mén)類(lèi)專(zhuān)業(yè)汽車(chē)生產(chǎn)的骨干企業(yè)。如生產(chǎn)半掛車(chē)的漢陽(yáng)特種汽車(chē)制造廠、生產(chǎn)粉罐車(chē)的武漢專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)廠、生產(chǎn)冷藏汽車(chē)的鎮(zhèn)江冷藏汽車(chē)廠等。 80 年代，隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)得到了較大的發(fā)展，在汽車(chē)行業(yè)中形成廠獨(dú)立的專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)行業(yè)，并成為經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)中的雪要運(yùn)輸與作業(yè)裝備。 1993 1996 年間，由于受到國(guó)家宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)控政策 的影響，專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)發(fā)展一直處于停滯狀態(tài)。1998 年以后，周家實(shí)行了擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需，加大摹本建設(shè)投入等一系列積極的財(cái)政政策，同時(shí)將專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)作為汽車(chē)行業(yè)發(fā)展的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)，擴(kuò)大了對(duì)專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)的需求，到 2000 年，我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行出現(xiàn)重大轉(zhuǎn)折，經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)入較高速增長(zhǎng)期，專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)走出低谷。市場(chǎng)容量增大，產(chǎn)銷(xiāo)量持續(xù)上升。 2000 年我國(guó)生產(chǎn)各種專(zhuān)用車(chē) (含自卸車(chē)、半掛牽引車(chē)等 )18.01 萬(wàn)輛，占載貨汽車(chē)的 25左右。到 2006 年已達(dá)到 56 2 萬(wàn)輛占載貨汽車(chē)的40左右。這表明我國(guó)載貨汽車(chē)專(zhuān)用化的速度在不斷加快，專(zhuān)用化趨勢(shì)越來(lái)越明 顯。圖 l為 1998 2006 年我國(guó)專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)的生產(chǎn)狀況。       我國(guó)專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)經(jīng)過(guò) 40 多年的發(fā)展，目前已經(jīng)具備 100 萬(wàn)輛的年生產(chǎn)能力，企業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不斷優(yōu)化，出現(xiàn)了一些能夠參與國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的企業(yè)，在產(chǎn)品品種、檔次、工藝裝備、自主研發(fā)能力等方面有了很大提高， 60左右的專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)擁有完備的產(chǎn)品研發(fā)體系。有少部分產(chǎn)品已達(dá)到國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平。表 l 為 2003 2006 年我國(guó)專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)進(jìn)出口情況，可以看出。 2003 年我國(guó)專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)進(jìn)口 1285 輛，出口 841 輛，出口量占進(jìn)口量的 65，到 2006 年，進(jìn)口量減少到