常用介詞的原始概念及引申意義匯總.doc

常用介詞的原始概念及部分引申意義1. about 表示地點(diǎn)：“在周圍，在各處，在附近” Dont throw waste paper about. We took the foreign friend about the garden. 表示時(shí)間、程度：“大約，近于” The tree is about 10 meters tall. The bus will leave at about 8:30. 表示客體關(guān)系：“對(duì)于，關(guān)于，有關(guān)” What do you talk about the subject? What is she so happy about？2. above 表示位置，職業(yè)，數(shù)量，年齡等：“在上方，在之上，超過(guò)” The temperature is above 8 today. There is a map of China above the blackboard. A bird is flying above the woods. 引申義：表示品質(zhì)， 行為能力等方面“超過(guò)， 超出之外”；“因太（難好）而不” The problem is above me. Jim is above all the other boys in his class. 反義詞below用法基本相同。3. at表示時(shí)間：“在（時(shí)刻、鐘點(diǎn)、歲數(shù)）等 The meeting will begin at 9:00 tomorrow.表示地點(diǎn)：“在（指小地方） at the food of the hill at NO.248 in/on Guangming Road表示動(dòng)作方向：“針對(duì)，朝，向”He threw a stone at the window. Look at point at 表示狀態(tài)：“在之中” at work at meeting at desk at table 表示原因：He was surprised at my words. They were sad at hearing the mews.He was glad at what her brother had said.4. after 表示時(shí)間和空間：“在之后” He goes on working day after day. Dont work at once after meals. After you!你先請(qǐng) 引申意義：“追求” Who is he after? 他在追求誰(shuí)？5agaist ：“反對(duì)，違背 ” The man is standing against the wall. We will have match against Class3 tomorrow.6.before 表示時(shí)間：“在之前、以前” the day before yesterday 表示位置：“在前面、當(dāng)著的面” There is a chair before the bed.7.along：“沿著/順著” Walk along the road and you will find the cinema.8among ：among:在之中， between ：在（兩者）之間9.behind： 表示地點(diǎn)，位置：在背后， 在后面 There is a tree behind my house. 表示時(shí)間：遲于、晚于、落后于 His ideas are behind the times.10.beside 在旁 邊，在附近 The man who is standing beside my father is my uncle. There is a beautiful park beside the hotel.11.besides except but 用法區(qū)別 Besides 表示“除之外還有”；except和 but 近義，表示“除之外沒(méi)有” Besides the Spring Festival ,Mid-autumn Day is also an important traditional festival in China. This morning nobody was late for school except Tim.(Tim was late for school)12.by 表示地點(diǎn)：在旁邊，在身邊 Come and sit by me ! There is a house by the river.表示方式，手段：“靠，用， 通過(guò)” He usually goes to school by bus. (by bike ,by car , by air , by ship , by boat )表示時(shí)間：到為止（常用于完成時(shí)態(tài)中）By the end of this year, we have planted more than two thousand trees.The meeting had been on for ten minutes by the time I got there.表示動(dòng)作方向，位置：經(jīng)過(guò)，沿著I go by his office every morning.They went on by the hill-road.13.down 沿著向下（副詞：朝下，向下） fall down , get down , go down the street14.during 在期間 Father Christmas will come during the night before Christmas 15.for 表示行為目的，對(duì)象：為，替（代），對(duì)于 you can have a rest , I will do it for you.We eat for living , but living is not for eating.I went shopping for mother last Sunday. “限定于，供用的”James Herriot is a famous doctor for animals.Here are some books for children .This is a litter for you.This food is for lunch.“就而言，至于”Thats all for this class.It is too cold for September here.表示目的，去向：“向，往，去”The train will leave for Shanghai at 2 oclock.Lets go out for a walk.表示原因：He was late for school for the bad weather.表示時(shí)間，距離，數(shù)量：“計(jì)達(dá)”The man has been her for a long time.We have studies in WunXu Middle School for three years.16 from ：表示起點(diǎn)來(lái)源：從，從起，從來(lái) This scientist is from Beijing. How far it from here to Guilin? The letter is from my brother.17 in ：在里表示地點(diǎn)：場(chǎng)所：“在里，在上 ”I live in school .There is a book in his hand.表示狀態(tài)：情況，境遇，服飾等“處于之中”She is in red today.(She is wearing red clothes today.)Irarq was in war three years ago.表示時(shí)間：在期間， 在以后，在以內(nèi) I will be back in two days. You must finish the work in two days. After three years ,he went to Paris with his family. “in +段時(shí)間”：以當(dāng)前時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間之后（現(xiàn)在將來(lái)） “after+段時(shí)間”：以過(guò)去某時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間之后（過(guò)去將來(lái)）表示范圍，領(lǐng)域：在方面，在之內(nèi) I am weak in English and Math.表示方式：以，用 Say it in English ,please. I will take you there in my o表示動(dòng)作方向“到里”He fell into the river. The children went into the classroom and began their class.表示變化狀態(tài)：成為，轉(zhuǎn)入，變成Change the sentences into English, please. The rain turned into snow quickly.19.like：像（注意與行為動(dòng)詞用法區(qū)別）He looks (is)like his brother very much.他很象他的兄弟。He likes his parents very much 他非常愛他的父母。20.near表示時(shí)間，空間：靠近，在旁邊，快要Tom is sitting near the window.He is near twenty.21.of：原始概念為：“屬于，來(lái)源，構(gòu)成”等表示從屬關(guān)系：“的”，“關(guān)于的”This is a map of the world.The wall of the room will be painted again tomorrow.The cover of the book is green.表示同位關(guān)系：the city of Guangzhou the month of May22.off表示距離：從離開（脫離，去掉），與隔離take off / put off set off / hurry off/ Keep off the grass!23.on表示地點(diǎn)：在上（與向接觸） The clock is on the wall. On the floor is a football.表示時(shí)間：在（某日，星期，節(jié)日，某日的或特定的早上、上午，下午，晚上） on Monday / on May Day /Christmas On a sunny morning ,our sports meeting began.引申意義：從事于，處于情況之中 He is on duty today. We were still on our school trip last week. My uncle has gone to New Zealand on business.表示關(guān)系：論及，關(guān)于 on “關(guān)于”(科學(xué)性、學(xué)術(shù)性的問(wèn)題或內(nèi)容) about“關(guān)于”(一般的事物)The professor will give us a talk on computer technology this afternoon.24.over表示地點(diǎn)：在正上方，在上面（不接觸）The sky is over our head.There is a bridge over the river.引申意義：遍及（復(fù)習(xí)、檢查），從頭到尾，到處The Great Wall is famous all over the world . (look over /go over)25.past 表示動(dòng)作方向：從旁邊經(jīng)過(guò) I always walked past the beautiful lake on my way to school. 表示時(shí)間、年齡數(shù)量、程度、行動(dòng)范圍、能力等“超過(guò)，越過(guò)” He is a boy past twelve. Ten past nine(9:10)26.round和 around （意義基本一致）表示動(dòng)作方向，趨向：圍繞著，繞著，向四周The earth travels around/round the sun.We showed the visitor around /round the school yard. We showed the visitor around in the school yard.(around 是副詞)表示地點(diǎn)：在周圍，在附近，在各處He took a look around him and stood there calmly.27.trough表示空間：穿過(guò)，通過(guò)，貫穿 The river goes through the town from east to west. The road through the fields leads to a church. Look in through the window!表示時(shí)間：從開始到結(jié)束，從頭到尾They worked through the night.The girl couldnt sit through the long meeting .表示方式，手段原因等：經(jīng).，由于，以，通過(guò)We can learn English through a TV or a computer.注意區(qū)分through 和across： through 表示從物體內(nèi)部、中間通過(guò)、經(jīng)過(guò)。across表示從物體表面通過(guò)、經(jīng)過(guò)。28.to 表示動(dòng)作方向：到，向，往I am going to the zoo.Pointing to the picture, he told us an unusual story himself in the village.The Greens have moved to Shanghai. 表示間接關(guān)系：給，于Please give the book to James.With the help of the manmade satellites ,we can send message to the other side of the world. 表示時(shí)間，程度：到為止，在之前，到程度 We will fight to the end . It is now five to six.(5:55) 表示方向，位置：在，位于 Japanese is to the east of China. 注意in、 on、 to表示方位時(shí)的區(qū)別： in表示描述對(duì)象在參照對(duì)象范圍內(nèi)。on表示描述對(duì)象與參照對(duì)象范圍邊界相接觸。to 表示描述對(duì)象和參照對(duì)象范圍是相離的。 表示從屬關(guān)系“的” The key to the door is missed. The keys to these exercise are on the blackboard.29under 表示位置：在下面（之下，之中，之內(nèi)） France had been under the rule of the Rom for some time in the history. under the desk /under the treeand so on 表示級(jí)別，地位，數(shù)量，程度，年齡，價(jià)格等：“低于、少于”，“在之下”，“未滿、不足” The book can be sold under 5yuan. Children under six years old can get a half discount of the ticket. 30.up表示動(dòng)作方向：向上He ran quick up the stairs.We traveled up the Changjiang River last year.He went with his mother.31.with 表示共同關(guān)系：和在一起，同、跟 Can you come and stay with us for some time? The teacher with his students often goes to help the old gr