外研版2013屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專題9正反解讀動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài).ppt

高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法專題,專題9 正反解讀動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài),專題9 正反解讀動詞的 時態(tài)和語態(tài),專題9 高考鏈接,12011安徽卷 What do you think of store shopping in the future? Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but_. Awill never replace Bwould never replace Cwill never be replaced Dwould never be replaced,解析 C 考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。答句意思是：我認為商店購物將與居家購物并存而不會被其取代。表示“被取代”應(yīng)用replace的被動語態(tài)，同時是對將來的描述，用將來時態(tài)，故答案為C。,專題9 高考鏈接,22011北京卷 Experiments of this kind_ in both the US. and Europe well before the Second World War. Ahave conducted Bhave been conducted Chad conducted Dhad been conducted 解析 D 考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。由常識可知，謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生在二戰(zhàn)之前，很顯然，這是“過去的過去”，所以應(yīng)該用過去完成時。conduct 和experiments是動賓關(guān)系，所以用被動語態(tài)。,專題9 高考鏈接,32011福建卷 Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they_ from China. Areceive Bare receiving Chave received Dhad received 解析 D 考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：上個月日本政府對中國的救援表達了謝意?！敖邮軒椭卑l(fā)生在“表達”之前，故用過去完成時。,專題9 高考鏈接,42011湖南卷 Joan，what_in your hand? Look！Its a birthday gift for my grandma. Ahad you held Bare you holding Cdo you hold Dwill you hold 解析 B 考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)答話人所說的“Look！”可判斷問話人是詢問瓊手里正拿著什么，即表示此時此刻正在發(fā)生的動作，故用現(xiàn)在進行時。,專題9 高考鏈接,52011江蘇卷 I hear you _ in a pub. Whats it like? Well, its very hard work and Im always tired, but I dont mind. Aare working Bwill work Cwere working Dwill be working 解析 A 考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)答語用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)可知hear后接的從句也用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。故選A項。,專題9 高考鏈接,專題9 考點歸納,動詞時態(tài) 考點一 一般現(xiàn)在時(動詞用原形或單數(shù)第三人稱后加s/es等) 規(guī)則1：表示客觀事實或普遍真理(不受時態(tài)限制)。如： The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.,規(guī)則2：表示現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)時多用系動詞或狀態(tài)動詞；表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動作，多用行為動詞，且常與表頻率的時間狀語連用。如： We always care for each other and help each other. 規(guī)則3：表示知覺、態(tài)度、感情、某種抽象的關(guān)系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時：see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong to, seem等。如： Smith owns a car and a house. All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.,專題9 考點歸納,規(guī)則4：少數(shù)用于表示起止的動詞如come, go, leave, arrive, fly, return, start, begin, open, close, end, stop等常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。表示一個按規(guī)定、計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作，只用一般現(xiàn)在時。如： The shop closes at 11：00 pm. every day. Tomorrow is Wednesday. 規(guī)則5：在時間、條件、方式及讓步狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。但要注意由if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示時態(tài)。如： If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.,專題9 考點歸納,規(guī)則6：在the morethe more句型中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。如： The harder you study, the better results you will get. 規(guī)則7：在make sure, see to it, mind, care, matter后的賓語從句的謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。如： See to it that you are not late again. 規(guī)則8：一般現(xiàn)在時所對應(yīng)的時間狀語常見的有：often, always, usually, seldom, now, every day等。,專題9 考點歸納, 考點二 現(xiàn)在進行時(am/is/arev.ing) 規(guī)則1：表示說話時正在發(fā)生著的一個動作。如： It is raining now. 規(guī)則2：表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作。如： She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。 He is working as a teacher tomorrow. 從明天起他要當(dāng)老師。,專題9 考點歸納,規(guī)則3：代替一般現(xiàn)在時，描繪更加生動。如： The Changjiang River is flowing into the east. 長江滾滾向東流去。 The sun is rising in the east.太陽從東方冉冉升起。 規(guī)則4：與always, often, forever, constantly, continually連用，表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩，但并非強調(diào)動作正在進行。如： He is always helping others.他總是幫助其他人。 She is always forgetting something.她老是忘記某些事情。,專題9 考點歸納,規(guī)則5：下面四類動詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進行時： (1)表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動詞：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need, etc. (2)表示存在的狀態(tài)的動詞及短語：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend on, etc. (3)表示瞬時性動作的動詞：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete, etc. (4)表示感官的動詞：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look，etc. 規(guī)則6：現(xiàn)在進行時所對應(yīng)的時間狀語常見的有：now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days等。,專題9 考點歸納, 考點三 現(xiàn)在完成時(has/havev.ed) 規(guī)則1：表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，或說話時剛剛完成的動作。如： I have finished the report. She has cleaned the room. 規(guī)則2：表示從過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，往往和“for”， “since”表述的一段時間狀語連用。如： He has learned English for six years. They have worked here since they left college.,專題9 考點歸納,規(guī)則3：表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地(人已回來)”用“have/has been to”；表示“到某地去了(還未回來)”用“have/has gone to”。如： Where is Li Hua? He has gone to the readingroom. She knows a lot about Shanghai. She has been there. 規(guī)則4：在時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句或讓步狀語從句中表達將來某時已經(jīng)完成的動作。如： When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge. Well start at six if it has stopped raining by then.,專題9 考點歸納,【溫馨提示】 這里的現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)從句動作在主句動作之前完成， 如果兩個動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生， 則不必用完成時。試比較： Ill let you know as soon as I hear from her. She will call you when she gets home.,專題9 考點歸納,規(guī)則5：短暫動詞(即瞬間動詞)及短語如：join, lose, buy, borrow, lend, leave, go, come, arrive, die, marry, finish, complete, begin, start, break out, take part in等，在完成時態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如： He has joined the army three years.() He joined the army three years ago. () He has been in the army for three years. () It is/has been three years since he joined the army. (),專題9 考點歸納,規(guī)則6：下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時： (1)It is (has been)一段時間since從句(過去時) (2)This (That/It) is the first (second) time that現(xiàn)在完成時 (3)This(That/It)is the onlythat現(xiàn)在完成時 (4)This(That/It)is the best/finest/most interestingthat現(xiàn)在完成時 規(guī)則7：現(xiàn)在完成時對應(yīng)的時間狀語： recently, lately, up to/till now, so far, in the past/last few months/years， for時間段， since時間點等。,專題9 考點歸納, 考點四 一般過去時(ed或不規(guī)則變化) 規(guī)則1：一般過去時的基本用法：表示過去的事情、動作或狀態(tài)，常與表示過去具體的時間狀語連用(或有上下文語境暗示)；用于表達過去的習(xí)慣動作或狀態(tài)；表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到或希望的事通常用過去時。如： I met her in the street yesterday. I thought the film would be interesting, but it isnt. 規(guī)則2：如果從句中有一個過去的時間狀語，盡管從句中的動作先于主句發(fā)生，但從句中的謂語動詞仍用過去時。如： He told me he read an interesting novel last night.,專題9 考點歸納,規(guī)則3：表示兩個緊接著發(fā)生的動作，常由以下詞語連接，用一般過去時。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute, etc. The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her. 規(guī)則4：用于I didnt know或I forgot，表示事先不知道或不記得，但現(xiàn)在已知道或記得的事情。如： I didnt know you were here.(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知道) Sorry, I forgot to bring my book.(“忘記帶書”已成為過去的事了),專題9 考點歸納,規(guī)則5：一般過去時所對應(yīng)的時間狀語常見的有：then, yesterday, last week, after that, ago, in the following/next few months等。,專題9 考點歸納, 考點五 過去進行時(was/werev.ing) 規(guī)則1：表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作(這一過去時間需用時間狀語表示)。如： He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday. 規(guī)則2：表示一個動作在另一個過去動作發(fā)生時進行。如： They were still working when I left. 規(guī)則3：指兩個過去正在進行的動作同時發(fā)生。如： I was writing while he was watching TV.,專題9 考點歸納,規(guī)則4：過去計劃、安排好的將來動作(只限于plan, come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay等)。如： He said(that) she was arriving the next day. 規(guī)則5：與always, often, forever, constantly, continually連用，表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩。如： Comrade Lei Feng was always thinking of others instead of thinking of himself. 規(guī)則6：過去進行時可用來描繪故事發(fā)生時的背景。如： The wind was blowing and it was raining hard. 規(guī)則7：過去進行時對應(yīng)的時間狀語常見的有：then, at that time, at this time yesterday等。,專題9 考點歸納, 考點六 過去完成時(hadv.ed) 規(guī)則1：在by, by the end of, by the time, until, before后接表示過去某一時間的短語或從句，其謂語動詞則表示在某一時刻或某一動作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動作，即“過去的過去”。如： By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. 規(guī)則2：表示從過去某一時刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一過去時刻的動作或狀態(tài)，即“從過去到過去”。如： When Jack arrived, Mary had been away for almost an hour.,專題9 考點歸納,規(guī)則3：表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述動詞過去時接不定式完成式表示，即：hoped/plannedto have done。如： I had hoped to send him a Christmas card, but I forgot to do so. 規(guī)則4：表示“一就”的幾個句型： hardly/scarcelywhen(before)；no soonerthan We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.,專題9 考點歸納,規(guī)則5：It/That/This was the first(second，third)time that(從句中用過去完成時態(tài))。如： It was the second time that he had been out with her. 規(guī)則6：過去完成時對應(yīng)的時間狀語常見的有：before, by the end of last month/years等。,專題9 考點歸納, 考點七 一般將來時(will/shall/be going to do) 規(guī)則1：表示未來的動作或狀態(tài)常用will/shall動詞原形。 規(guī)則2：表示一種趨向或習(xí)慣性動作。如： Well die without air or water. 規(guī)則3：表示趨向行為的動詞，如： come，go，start，begin，leave等詞，常用現(xiàn)在進行時表示一般將來時。,專題9 考點歸納,規(guī)則4：be going to do 與will/shall do, be to do, be about to do的用法及區(qū)別： (1)shall/will do表示事先未考慮過，即說話時臨時做出的決定。如： Youve left the light on. Oh, so I have. Ill go and turn it off. (2)在祈使句and/or陳述句句型中，陳述句中只能用will/情態(tài)動詞動詞原形。如： Work hard, and you will pass the exam.,專題9 考點歸納,(3)be going to表示現(xiàn)在打算最近或?qū)硪瞿呈?，這種打算往往經(jīng)過事先考慮，甚至已做了某種準(zhǔn)備；表將來，不能用在條件狀語從句的主句中；而will則能，表意愿。如： If it is fine, well go fishing.() If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.() (4)be to do sth. 表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作，還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。如： A meeting is to be held at 3：00 this afternoon. (5)be about to do sth. 表示“即將，就要”，后面不能接具體時間狀語或狀語從句。如： Autumn harvest is about to start.,專題9 考點歸納,規(guī)則5：一般將來時對應(yīng)的時間狀語常見的有：tomorrow, today, next week/month， in an hour, in the coming/following few weeks等。,專題9 考點歸納, 考點八 過去將來時(would do, was/were going to do) 規(guī)則1：表示從過去某時看來將要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)或過去的意圖打算(主要用于賓語從句中)。如： She was sure she would succeed. 規(guī)則2：表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。如： When he was young, he would go swimming. 【溫馨提示】 would與used to的區(qū)別：would只表示過去，不涉及現(xiàn)在；而used to表示“過去常?！币c現(xiàn)在比較，即現(xiàn)在不是這樣了。 規(guī)則3：過去將來時對應(yīng)的時間狀語常見的有：the following month, the next week等。,專題9 考點歸納, 考點九 幾種易混時態(tài)的辨析 1一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進行時 一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性的、習(xí)慣性的或狀態(tài)性的行為。 而現(xiàn)在進行時則具有進行性、未完成性和暫時性的特點。如： On the wall hangs a picture painted by Qi Baishi. This is not my coat. Mine is hanging behind the door.,專題9 考點歸納,2一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時 一般過去時所表達的事件與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。而現(xiàn)在完成時則強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果。如： I stayed in Beijing for five days. Then I went to America.(I am not in Beijing now. ) I have stayed in Beijing for five days and havent decided where to go next.(I am still in Beijing now and dont know where to go next.),專題9 考點歸納,3一般過去時和過去進行時 一般過去時表示發(fā)生在過去的動作或過去存在的狀態(tài)。過去進行時則表示在過去某個時間點或時間段正在做某事。過去進行時具有進行性、未完成性和暫時性的特點。如： I read a book last month.(書已經(jīng)在過去某個時間點讀完) I was reading a book last month.(書未讀完),專題9 考點歸納,4一般過去時和過去完成時 判斷是不是過去完成時應(yīng)先從時間軸上找到表示“過去”的時間點或動作，然后判斷在這個時間點或動作之前還有沒有另一個動作，并且判斷該句是否強調(diào)發(fā)生在前。如： The moment I got home, I found I had left my jacket on the playground.,專題9 考點歸納,5完成時和完成進行時 現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時分別表示某一動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或過去某一時間?，F(xiàn)在完成進行時和過去完成進行時雖然也表示一個動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或過去某一時間，但更強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性。完成時強調(diào)動作的結(jié)果，完成進行時強調(diào)動作的延續(xù)。如： Why does the river smell terrible? Because the water has been polluted. He has been writing articles for our newspaper these years, and he has written about 40 in all.,專題9 考點歸納,動詞語態(tài) 考點一 概念 動詞的語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。如： People speak English all over the world.(主動語態(tài)) English is spoken all over the world.(被動語態(tài)),專題9 考點歸納, 考點二 動詞的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成(以ask為例),專題9 考點歸納,專題9 考點歸納,規(guī)則1：不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況。 (1)所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞短語不能用于被動語態(tài)之中。 (2)表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞，如：hold, benefit, contain, equal, fit, join, mean, last, look like, consist of等。 (3)表示歸屬的動詞及短語，如： have, own, belong to等。 (4)表示“希望， 意圖”的動詞，如：wish, want, hope, like, love, hate等。 (5)賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)，不能用被動語態(tài)。,專題9 考點歸納,(6)賓語是同源賓語、不定式、動名詞等時謂語動詞不用被動語態(tài)。 (7)有些動詞以其主動形式表示被動意義，特別是當(dāng)主語是物時。這類常見的動詞有sell, write, wash, open, lock等。,專題9 考點歸納,規(guī)則2：主動形式表被動意義。 (1)當(dāng)feel, look, smell, taste, sound等后接形容詞時；當(dāng)cut, read, sell, wear, write等詞后接狀語修飾語well/smoothly等時；當(dāng)動詞表示“開始、發(fā)生、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動”等意義時，均用主動形式表被動意義。如： These novels wont sell well. My pen writes smoothly. The door wont lock. The lamps on the wall turn off.,專題9 考點歸納,(2)want, require, need后面的動名詞用主動形式表示被動含義。 (3)be worth doing用主動形式表示被動含義。 (4)在“be形容詞to do”中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語時，不定式用主動形式表被動含義。如： The girl isnt easy to get along with. 另外：be to blame(受譴責(zé))，be to rent(出租)也用主動形式表被動含義。,專題9 考點歸納,規(guī)則3：被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別。被動語態(tài)強調(diào)動作；系表結(jié)構(gòu)表主語的