《高三復(fù)習(xí)總結(jié)》PPT課件.ppt

高三復(fù)習(xí),名詞 冠詞 數(shù)詞 主謂一致 代詞 it 的用法 形容詞與副詞 介詞與連詞 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 簡(jiǎn)單句與并列句 復(fù)合句 倒裝句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句 插入語(yǔ)與省略 情景交際用語(yǔ),名詞,名詞, 名詞分類： 1.概念：名詞是表示人，事物，地方，現(xiàn)象及其他抽象概念名稱的詞。 2.分類：如下所示,名詞的數(shù),可數(shù)名詞的規(guī)則變化 一般情況 絕大多數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是在單數(shù)形式后加-s構(gòu)成。-s在清輔音后讀s, 在濁輔音和元音后讀z。 book-books apple-apples plane-planes bear-bears 2. 以s, x, ch, sh 結(jié)尾的名詞 復(fù)數(shù)形式在名詞后加-es,讀作iz. bus-buses box-boxes match-matches bush-bushes 以字母y結(jié)尾的名詞 以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞明構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，把y變i再加es,讀作iz。fly-flies 以元音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式直接在詞尾加-s。Boy-boys, day-days 以-y結(jié)尾的專有名詞，變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí)，直接在后面加-s.,4. 以f，fe結(jié)尾的名詞,直接加s Roof, proof, cliff, safe, handkerchief,變f,fe 為v, 再加es, 讀作vz 樹(shù)葉半數(shù)自己黃，妻子拿刀去割糧，架后竄出一匹狼，就像小偷逃命亡。 Leaf, half, self, wife, knife, shelf, wolf, thief, life.,以字母o結(jié)尾的名詞,以輔音字母+o結(jié)尾的名詞其復(fù)數(shù)多數(shù)加-es構(gòu)成。 hero, Negro，potato, tomato , volcano , torpedo,以元音字母+o結(jié)尾的名詞，以及部分以o結(jié)尾的外來(lái)詞，變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí)只加-s.詞尾 s 讀z bamboo, zoo, radio, piano, photo, kilo, video, studio, zero,.可數(shù)名詞的不規(guī)則變化,變?cè)糇帜?man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, goose-geese 變?cè)~尾 child-children, ox-oxen, phenomenon-phenomena 單復(fù)數(shù)同形 fish, deer, sheep, means, Swiss, Chinese 只用復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞 clothes, trousers, glasses, goods, scissors, compasses圓規(guī), scales天平 字母，數(shù)字，符號(hào)，縮略詞的復(fù)數(shù),復(fù)合詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 （1）含主體詞的復(fù)合詞將主體詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù) door-watcher -door-watchers 門衛(wèi) passer-by-passers-by 過(guò)路人 son-in-law-sons-in-law 女婿 （2）不含主體詞的復(fù)合名詞，在詞尾加-s。 go-between-go-betweens 中間人 grown-up-grown-ups 成年人 forget-me-not-forget-me-nots 勿忘我 （3）由man和woman構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞，兩部分都要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。,man doctor-men doctors男醫(yī)生 man servant-men servants 男傭 woman engineer-women engineers 女工,有些名詞形式上雖是單數(shù)，意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù) cattle牛（總稱） police 警察 public 公眾,有些名詞形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，意義上卻是單數(shù) news 消息 politics 政治 physics物理 maths數(shù)學(xué) . 不可數(shù)名詞 不可數(shù)名詞一般沒(méi)有單復(fù)數(shù)之分，包括抽象名詞，物 質(zhì)名詞和專有名詞，如health, wood, America。不可數(shù)名詞不可使用復(fù)數(shù)或加不定冠詞，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用單數(shù)形式。 1. 常見(jiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞：advice, air, bread, butter, cloth, clothing, coffee, fruit, fun, furniture, grass, harm, homework, housework, work, information, knowledge, luck, meat, medicine, money, milk, music, news, paper, progress, rice, rubbish, snow, soap, sugar, trouble, water, wealth, weather等。 2. 不可數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量時(shí)要與單位名詞連用 Piece(片，則，塊，張，支等) a piece of advice, bread, chalk, cloth, furniture, information, meat, news, paper Bit (點(diǎn)，塊，則) a bit of advice, bread, news, music, trouble, wood,sheet (塊，張，片) a sheet of cloth, paper article(件) an article of clothing, furniture,3.一些物質(zhì)名詞有時(shí)以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，表示不同類別 a lot of fish許多魚(yú) fishes 很多種類的魚(yú) fruit 水果 friuts 各種水果 food 食物 foods 各種食物 4. 有些詞確定其可數(shù)與不可數(shù)，須根據(jù)具體情況而定 paper 紙 U 報(bào)紙，文件，試卷，論文 C room 空間，余地 U 房間 C work 工作，勞動(dòng) U 作品，著作，工藝品 C, time 時(shí)間U 次數(shù)， 倍數(shù)，時(shí)代 C cloth 布 U 表示專門用途的布 C glass 玻璃 U 玻璃杯，眼鏡 C wood 木頭 U 樹(shù)林 C water 水 U 水的流量，容積 C iron 鐵 U 熨斗 C,5. 抽象名詞具體化 表示抽象的特性，狀態(tài)，思維，行為的一次，一種，一類，一下，一頓等，常組成a/an + （形容詞）+ 抽象名詞,an art 一門藝術(shù) （ 指種類） a life 一種生活 （指種類 ） a population of 人口為 （指一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)） a knowledge of 知識(shí) （指一門學(xué)問(wèn)） a breakfast/lunch/supper 一頓的早餐/午餐/晚餐, 表示具有某種特性，狀態(tài)，特點(diǎn)，情感，情緒的人或事的抽象名詞，前加冠詞或?yàn)閺?fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，詞義發(fā)生了變化。,beauty 美麗 condition 狀況 a man of experience 經(jīng)驗(yàn) have pity on sb. 憐憫 in surprise 驚奇 with pleasure 樂(lè)意 wonder 驚奇 worry 擔(dān)憂 youth 青春,a beauty 美人 conditions 環(huán)境 an experience/experiences經(jīng)歷 Its a pity. / What a pity! a surprise 奇異的事 a pleasure 樂(lè)事 a wonder 奇跡 a worry 令人擔(dān)憂的事 a youth 年輕人, 專有名詞 專有名詞一般表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物，第一個(gè)字母大寫(xiě)。專有名詞多表示人名，地名，團(tuán)體，機(jī)構(gòu)，組織等專有名稱。專有名詞可分為無(wú)冠詞的專有名詞和有冠詞的專有名詞 。,無(wú)冠詞的專有名詞 人名和稱呼 Lu Xun Tom Smith 地名和地理名稱 Beijing China Asia 星期，月份和節(jié)假日 Monday Womens Day 由專有名詞+普通名詞組成的地名 Oxford Road Kennedy Airport 用地名命名的大學(xué)名稱可以有2種形式 London University or the University of London 用人名命名的大學(xué)通常只有一種形式 Yale University,2. 帶冠詞的專有名詞 由普通名詞或形容詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前帶the the Great Wall the Summer Palace 由普通名詞+專有名詞或?qū)Ｓ忻~+普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前帶the the Peoples Republic of China the New York Times 表示全體國(guó)民的專有名詞前帶the the Chinese the French 表示一家人或夫妻二人的前帶the,the Smiths 報(bào)刊，書(shū)籍，雜志的專有名詞前帶the the Times the Bible 以人名為書(shū)名或作者名字表示作品時(shí)，不用the 團(tuán)體機(jī)構(gòu)，學(xué)校, 醫(yī)院，公共建筑的名稱前帶the the United Nations 聯(lián)合國(guó) the Leaning Tower of Pisa 比薩斜塔 the Middle School Attached to Tsinghua University 清華附中 the Peoples Hospital 人民醫(yī)院 江河，海洋，湖泊，運(yùn)河，海灣，海峽，山脈，群島，森林，平原，盆地，沙漠等專有名詞前帶the the Yellow River the Pacific Ocean, 名詞所有格 名詞在句中表示所有關(guān)系的語(yǔ)法形式稱之為名詞所有格,1.表示有生命的東西的名詞所有格 (1) 單數(shù)名詞加-s the dogs tail (2) 不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加-s the childrens rooms (3) 以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加- the birds nests (4) 復(fù)合名詞的所有格和短語(yǔ)的所有格在最后的詞后加-s her son-in-laws car,(5) 并列名詞表示各自所屬時(shí)，須在兩個(gè)名詞之后各加-s；b表示共同所屬時(shí)，在最后一個(gè)名詞后加-s。 M ary s and Toms fathers M ary and Toms father (6) 以s結(jié)尾的專有名詞的所有格，一般加-s或-。 Dickens or Dickenss books (7) 表示店鋪，某人的家，私人開(kāi)的診所，餐館等，通常省略所有格后面的名詞。 at his uncles 在他叔叔的家 at the dentists 在牙醫(yī)診所 at the hairdressers 在美發(fā)店 (8) 若名詞后有同位語(yǔ)，其所有格的-s應(yīng)加在同位語(yǔ)后。 my younger cousin, Jimmys jeep,2. 表示無(wú)生命的東西的所有格,表示無(wú)生命東西的名詞的所有關(guān)系時(shí)，通常用of+名詞的形式。 the bed of the river the title of this report (2) 表示有生命的東西的名詞，如果名詞較長(zhǎng)或名詞的定語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，也可以用of+名詞來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系。 the works of Shakespeare, Hugo, Wolf the name of the girl killed in the accident (3) 表示時(shí)間，距離，集體，城市，國(guó)家，團(tuán)體，機(jī)構(gòu)及某些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中的名詞，可以用-s表示所有關(guān)系。 todays newspaper ten minutes walk the governments call the towns history,3. 雙重所有格 雙重所有格就是由名詞后加-s 和of 結(jié)構(gòu)所有格形式構(gòu)成的 of + -s 的結(jié)構(gòu)。表達(dá)所擁有事物的一類或一個(gè)。,a friend of Johns = one of Johns friends a book of mine = one of my books this young son of the doctors = one of the doctors young sons, 名詞作定語(yǔ) 有些名詞沒(méi)有同義的形容詞形式，所以常常直接作形容詞用來(lái)修飾另一個(gè)名詞。,常用名詞作定語(yǔ)的搭配 Beijing University A gas station Students union Body temperature The chief editor The kitchen window Mother crocodile The dinner party The Spring Festival A bus driver A story book A diamond ring,2. 名詞作定語(yǔ)vs形容詞vs 名詞所有格的區(qū)別 名詞作定語(yǔ)可以表示類別，性質(zhì)，材料，用途等。 boy students coffee cup 名詞所有格作定語(yǔ)表示所屬關(guān)系 形容詞作定語(yǔ)主要表示名詞的性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)。 a dust bag 裝灰的袋子 a dusty bag 布滿灰塵的袋子, 名詞的句法功能,主語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 同位語(yǔ) 呼語(yǔ),Yesterday a boy came to see you. Edison was a world-famous inventor. Would you like some banana? We chose him monitor of our class. They will meet at the school gate. The new film will last two hours. Mr. Green, my first teacher, died yesterday. Boys and girls, please look at the paper in my hand.,冠詞,冠詞,. 不定冠詞a/an的用法 1.表示泛指某人，某物或類屬中的任何一個(gè)。 A parrot can talk like a person, but it cant think like a person. 2. 表示單位量詞的每一或數(shù)量一個(gè)。 Take three pills a day and you will get better. 與one不同之處在于，one 是強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量上是一個(gè)，而不是其他兩個(gè)或多個(gè)；與時(shí)間的名詞搭配時(shí)只能用one，而不能用a/an。,3. 第一次提到時(shí)用a/an 4. 用在不可數(shù)名詞前使其具體化 I want a coffee. What a heavy rain! 5. 用在專有名詞前，表示類似的一個(gè)或某一個(gè)。 A Mr. Smith wishes to speak to you. 6. 在of +a/an +名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中表示“同一個(gè)”意思。 He and I are of an age. The two pairs of shoes are of a size. 7. 序數(shù)詞前表示又一個(gè) He asks a third cup of coffee. 8. 用于同源賓語(yǔ)前 live a happy life dream a sweet dream,9. 在某些固定詞組里 once upon a time 從前 turn a deaf ear to 不愿聽(tīng) a few 幾個(gè) a little 少許 a great deal of 許多 a bit 一點(diǎn) all of a sudden 突然 in a hurry 匆忙 in a word 一句話，總之 an average of 平均 do sb. a favor 幫某人個(gè)忙,. 定冠詞the的用法,表示特定的人或物 定冠詞用在名詞前表示特指，指某個(gè)特定的人，事物或已知的人，物，事或群體。特別是當(dāng)名詞后面有定語(yǔ)限定時(shí)，名詞前面一般都要用定冠詞。 Do you know the man standing by the window? 2. 用于單數(shù)名詞前，表示類別(相當(dāng)于不定冠詞表示類別) The lion is a wild animal. The wolf hunts at night. 3. 用在表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前 The earth is bigger than the moon.,4. 用在表地點(diǎn)，方位，時(shí)間的名詞前 on the left from the west in the city in the country in the afternoon 5. 用于表示全體國(guó)民，階級(jí)等的名詞前 the Chinese the working class 6. 用于某些樂(lè)器前 play the piano 7. 與某些形容詞連用，表示一類人 the rich the young,8. 用于姓氏，江河湖海山島，報(bào)刊，黨派等名詞前 the Smiths the Times the Chinese Communist Party 9. 用于形容此或副詞的比較級(jí)(兩者比較)和最高級(jí)前，序數(shù)詞前 Is this the best choice he can make? He is always the first to come . Which is the more interesting story of the two?,10. 習(xí)慣用語(yǔ) All the time all the same on the other hand in the end in the day time at the back of by the way on the whole,三. 零冠詞（不用冠詞） 1. 名詞在介詞后表示抽象概念時(shí) 當(dāng)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為抽象義時(shí)前面不加冠詞,不具體指某一事物,而指某種行為活動(dòng).這種情況常見(jiàn)于一些固定短語(yǔ)中. go to bed go by bus 2. 日期，節(jié)日，季節(jié)，月份前 表示季節(jié)，月份，星期的名詞，如果不表示某一特定時(shí)間，前面不用冠詞。 If winter comes, can spring be far ? 3. 在表示三餐，球類運(yùn)動(dòng)和棋類運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞前 I like rice for supper. He likes playing football. Lets play chess. 4. 表示學(xué)科，語(yǔ)言的名詞前,Chinese will be one of the most important languages in future. 5. man 泛指人類時(shí) Man can save the earth, man can destroy the earth. 6. 用于某些固定短語(yǔ) go to bed/ school at home/ school on hand at night/ noon/ midnight after school by bus/ train/ plane/ bike in fact on foot in time on time by chance for example,四. 易混詞組 in front of 在前面（范圍之外） in the front of 在前部 （范圍之內(nèi)） in place of 代替 in the place of 在位置/地方 in word 口頭上 in a word 總之 go to school 上學(xué) go to the school 到某學(xué)校去 go to college 上大學(xué) go to the college 到某大學(xué) in prison 坐牢 in the prison 在監(jiān)獄（工作） on earth 到底，究竟 on the earth 在地球上,go to church 做禮拜 go to the church 去教堂 in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里 take place 發(fā)生 take the place of 代替 at table 吃飯 at the table 在桌子旁邊 out of question 不成問(wèn)題 out of the question 不可能 four of us 我們中四人 the four of us 我們四人都 of age 成年 of an age 同歲 lose heart 灰心 lose ones heart to 喜歡，迷上,名詞與冠詞相關(guān)練習(xí)題,1. In face of _ failure, it is the most important to keep up _ good state of mind. A. /; a B. a;/ C. the;/ D. a; the 2. Do you know _ speaker of _ Chinese language also has difficulty in learning_ Japanese? A. the; the; a B. a; the;/ C. the; the; the D. a;/; the 3. Its clear that _ little money he earns can hardly support _ family as large as his. A. the; a B. a; the C. /; a D. /; the 4. I have _ history because it gives us _ knowledge of past events. A. /;a B. the; a C. /;/ D. a; the 5. _ England of those years was _ England in peace. A. /;/ B. The; an C. The; / D. /; an,6. Most people prefer to travel on _ train, because you can have a comfortable journey , but make sure get _ fast one. A. the; the B. a; the C. the; a D. /;a 7. Antarcticas future is important for us all. Now, however, mans never-ending _ for minerals threatens the ecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)) there. A. wish B. idea C. desire D. dream 8. Is it worth going all out for success at the _ of your health? A. expense B. exchange C. existence D. evidence 9. -Thats me when I got married. See what I look like now? - Why not go on a diet to get into _?,A. shape B. form C. appearance D. body 10. I dont think all such words should be allowed to use in written English. In my opinion, there are _ that should be kept up. A. degrees B. levels C. standards D. limits 11. -Excuse me, sir. Can I take some paper? -Sure, its free of _. A. fare B. charge C. money D. pay 12. With no rain for three months, and the food supplies running out , the present _ here is getting worse. A. case B. condition C. state D. situation 13. I try to make him understand that Im not interested in him, but he never gets the _. A. information B. news C. message D. words,14. In order to buy his favourite books, he is going to save money to attend a book _. A. fair B. exhibition C. show D. store 15. The children were surprised by the sudden _ of their teacher. A. enter B. entrance C. entry D. entering 16. According to the new report , personal _ of guns in the USA causes a lot of trouble. A. wealth B. possession C. need D. matter 17. In time of social reform, peoples state of mind tends to keep _ with the rapid changes of society . A. step B. touch C. progress D. pace 18. You have missed your _ . You have to queue up there and wait for the next round. A. chance B. turn C. line D. time,19. Its accepted _ to pay a deposit with ones order in commercial campaigns. A. habit B. hobby C. practice D. exercise 20. -What was it, Ted? -Just a(n) _ in my shoulder. Its gone now. A. injury B. ache C. wound D. pain 21. “I dont think its my _ that the TV blew up. I just turned it on, thats all,” said the boy. A. error B. mistake C. fault D. duty 22. Life is tough in the city. In order to lose their _, some people drink alcohol. A . temper B. mood C. consciousness D. pressures 23. Paper money was in _ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _ thirteenth century.,A. the; / B. the; the C. /; the D. /;/ 24. The sign reads “In case of _ fire, break the glass and push _ red button.” A. /;a B. /; the C. the; the D. a; a 25. If you go by _ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey ,but make sure you get _ fast one. A. the; the B. /;a C. the; a D. /; / 26. If you grow up in _ large family , you are more likely to develop _ ability to get on well with _ others. A. /; an; the B. a; the; / C. the; an; the D. a; the; the 27. After dinner he gave Mr. Richardon _ ride to _ Caputal Airport. A. the; a B. a; the C. /;a D. /; the,28. Mrs. Taylor has _ 8-year-old daughter who has _ gift for painting -she has won two national prizes. A. a; a B. an; the C. an; a D. the; a 29. I cant remember when exactly the Robinsons left _ city. I only remember it was _ Monday. A. the; the B. a; the C. a; a D. the; a 30. -Would you like _, sir? -No, thanks. I have had much. A. some more oranges B. any more oranges C. some more orange D. any more orange,1.A 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.D 13.C 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.D 18.B 19.C 20.D 21.C 22.D 23.C 24.B 25.B 26.B 27.B 28.C 29.D 30.C,數(shù)詞,數(shù)詞,基數(shù)詞 1. 基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成,(1) 基數(shù)詞21-99 須在十位與個(gè)位之間加連字符“-” 21 twenty-one (2) 基數(shù)詞101-999 須在百位后加and 101 one hundred and one (3) 英語(yǔ)中無(wú)“萬(wàn)”和“億”，分別用十千和一百個(gè)百萬(wàn)來(lái)表示 10,000 ten thousand 100,000,000 one hundred million 2. 基數(shù)詞的用法 (1) 基數(shù)詞可與hundred, thousand, million, billion以及dozen和score 直接連用。 several/five/ten hundred people hundreds/thousands/millions/billions/dozens/scores of students two/many/several dozen pens, 但在下列情況下須與介詞連用 a dozen of 其中一打 two dozen of 其中兩打 six of one and half a dozen of the other 半斤八兩 some dozen (of) people 大約20人 some dozens of people 幾十人/許多人 a/two score of people (表達(dá)20的倍數(shù)時(shí)，由于score單復(fù)同形，所以保持不變) 20人/40人 three score and ten people 70人 基數(shù)詞表示計(jì)量時(shí)，它所修飾的可數(shù)名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 She is five feet and eight inches tall. 基數(shù)詞hundred, thousand, million, billion作確定的數(shù)目時(shí)不用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示不確定數(shù)量時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。, 帶有數(shù)詞的名詞用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，（帶有數(shù)詞的名詞） 一般用單數(shù)形式。 a ten-mile walk a ten-pound note 表示“十”的數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式可以用來(lái)表示人的歲數(shù)或年代。 He is in his early seventies. The book was published in 1990s. 二.序數(shù)詞 1. 序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成,2. 序數(shù)詞的使用 序數(shù)詞前要用定冠詞the, 如果前面有形容詞性物主代詞則不用the；或者表示“再一，又一”的意思時(shí)不用the. Im the first student coming to the classroom. I still remember my first day to school. Please give me a third chair. （表明已經(jīng)給過(guò)兩把椅子） first, second 等詞有時(shí)可表示“第一（批）”，“第二個(gè)人”等，即在其本身意義后面加上了一個(gè)具體的量詞。 You will be the seocnd to speak at the conference. He was the first to come to this poor country.,三. 數(shù)詞在句中的功能 數(shù)詞可在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。 1. 基數(shù)詞在句中的成分 It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number. (主語(yǔ)) The girl is twelve years old. (表語(yǔ)) The shop assistant wears a ninety-nine on his uniform. (賓語(yǔ)) Only ten people were invited to the party. (定語(yǔ)) They five joined the school team. (同位語(yǔ)) Sitting down thirteen at dinner is thought unlucky in the western world. (狀語(yǔ)) 2. 序數(shù)詞在句中的成分 The first is better than the second. (主語(yǔ)),She was the second in the exam in her class.(表語(yǔ)) There are a lot of tables there, but I only like the fourth. (賓語(yǔ)) October is the tenth month of the year. (定語(yǔ)) Who is that man the first in the front now ?(同位語(yǔ)) He came second in the race. (狀語(yǔ)) 四. 數(shù)詞的一些表達(dá) 1. 倍數(shù)表達(dá) 一倍 once 兩倍 twice /double 三倍或以上 基數(shù)詞+times,（1）倍數(shù)用在形容詞原級(jí)比較的句型第一個(gè)as前 I have twice as many clothes as you do. （2）倍數(shù)用在表示度量的名詞前 倍數(shù)+the+ 度量名詞+ of +表示比較對(duì)象的名詞 倍數(shù)+what 引導(dǎo)的從句 The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. The length of the expressway is five times what it was ten years ago. （3）倍數(shù)用在形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)前 This building is twice higher than that one. （4）在含有by的比較級(jí)句型中，倍數(shù)放在by的后面 We produced more oil in 2004 than those in 2003 by twice.,2. 分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)（4種表達(dá)方式） （1）分子 基數(shù)詞 分母 序數(shù)詞 one fourth two fifths 的表達(dá)應(yīng)該是 one/ a half ， 而不是 one second （2）分子與分母之間加in，分子在前，分母在后，都用基數(shù)詞 。 one in ten four in five （3）分子與分母之間加out of , 分子在前，分母在后，都用基數(shù)詞。 one out of ten four out of five （4 ）表達(dá)百分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，直接把序數(shù)詞放在percent 的前面 twenty percent,分子大于1時(shí)，分母要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如果分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)后面相接名詞或代詞： 分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+ of + 冠詞/限定詞+名詞/代詞 （如果這樣的名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of 后的名詞或代詞保持一致。） Two fifth of the money was spent on books. 3. 編號(hào)的表達(dá) 編號(hào)可用基數(shù)詞或序數(shù)詞表示?；鶖?shù)詞位于名詞 后； 序數(shù)詞位于名詞前，并加定冠詞the 。一般常用基數(shù)詞。 on page two Bus No. 312 on Platform No. 3 line 4 the second part on the third floor Postcode( zip code) 101100,4. 世紀(jì)，年代，年，月，日的表達(dá) in 450 BC （公元前） 公元前450年 in AD 441 （公元） 公元441年 in the 2000s/ in the 2000s 21世紀(jì) in the 1970s 20世紀(jì)70年代 in the thirties/ in the 30s 30年代 in May on May 21, 1984 5. 時(shí)刻表達(dá)（略） 6. 算式的表達(dá) 2+2=4 two plus two is/ equals four two and two are four 10-3=7 ten minus three is seven three from ten leaves seven,9 6=54 nine multiplied by six is fifty-four nine times six is fifty-four 20 4=5 twenty divided by four is five four into twenty goes five 3 4=? How much/ What is three times four?,主謂一致,一. 主謂一致的基本原則：語(yǔ)法形式上一致，意義上一致和就近原則。 1. 語(yǔ)法形式上一致：主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The number of errors in your paper was surprising. Jane and Mary look a bit like. 2. 意義上一致 （1）主語(yǔ)形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The crowd were running for their lives. 常見(jiàn)的形單意復(fù)的單詞有：people, police, cattle, militia(民兵，國(guó)民自衛(wèi)隊(duì)) （2）主語(yǔ)形式雖為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。,The news was very exciting. 常見(jiàn)的形復(fù)意單的單詞有：news, works(工廠), 和一些以-ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞，如physics, politics, economics。 3. 就近原則：指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由最靠近它的主語(yǔ)決定。 Among the boys, one or two are able to jump 1.6 meters. Either you or Jane is to be sent to New Zealand. 二. 主謂一致的各種情形 （一）并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ) 1. 由and 連接的主語(yǔ) （1）當(dāng)兩個(gè)名詞或代詞由and 連接作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù).,My brother and I have both seen the film. Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. （2）當(dāng)and 不表示并列意義，而連接兩個(gè)在意義上表示同一人，物或概念或由兩個(gè)部件組成的物品時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 The singer and composer is coming to our school. 那位歌唱家兼作曲家將來(lái)我們學(xué)校。 Bread and butter is often served for breakfast in our restaurant. 我們飯店早點(diǎn)常供應(yīng)奶油面包。 Pork and Chinese cabbage is one of my favorite dishes.