infinitive高中英語語法.pptVIP

Infinitive,動詞不定式,動詞不定式,動詞不定式分為帶to的不定式(e.g. ask sb to do sth), 和不帶to的不定式(e.g. make sb do sth)。,動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化：,動詞不定式的一般式：表示動作與句子中的謂語動詞同時發(fā)生或之后發(fā)生。,I want to have a cup of tea. (同時) she stopped to have a cup of tea.(之后) It is possible for our hopes to be realized.(被動),動詞不定式的完成式：表示不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。,She said she was very happy to have met you. She preferred to have been given heavier work to do。(被動),動詞不定式的進行式：表示不定式的動作在謂語動作同時正在發(fā)生。,They seemed to be talking about something important.,動詞不定式的完成進行式：表示在謂語所表示時間之前一直進行的動作。,We are happy to have been working with you.,動詞不定式的否定式：not to do sth,I asked him not to be late.,動詞不定式可以在句子中充當主語，賓語，表語，賓語補足語，定語(后置)，狀語。,1) 做主語 To see is to believe. To act like that is foolish.,一般我們用it做形式主語來替代。 It is foolish to act like that. It is not easy for us to learn English well. It is kind of you to think so much of us.,常用于下列結構中： (1)It is/was +adj.+(of sb.) to do（如 good/ kind/ nice/ clever/ foolish/ selfish） (2)It is +adj.+(for sb.)+to do（如easy / difficult / hard / / unwise / possible/ necessary） (3)It is +a/an +名詞+ to do.（如a pity/ a shame / a pleasure /ones duty / an honor ） (4)It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience to do (5)It requires courage / patience / hard work to do,2) 做賓語 she determined to learn English well. He failed to pass the exam.,常見的不定式做賓語的動詞有： want, wish, *hope, manage, ask, offer(提出), pretend, intend, decide, care, choose, expect, desire seem, happen, *appear etc.,某些及物動詞think, believe, consider, feel, find, make等后常用it作形式賓語 We all find it impossible not to do homework in French class. 動詞不定式做定語：當不定式的邏輯主語是句子的主語時，要用主動表被動。 His words are difficult to understand.,3) 做表語 Her wish is to become an artist. To do this would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.,4) 做定語(后置) I want to get something to read during the holidays. She was the first person to think of the idea. I have nothing to worry about.,4) 做定語(后置),注意: a) the only及序數詞,順序詞或形容詞最高級修飾 的名詞常接不定式作定語. eg. He is always the first one to come to school. b) 作定語的不定式若是不及物動詞,或名詞是不定式動作的地點,工具等, 不定式后須有相應介詞. Please give me a knife to cut with. Please use the knife to cut it.,5) 做狀語：我們經常用不定式來做狀語，修飾動詞，表示動作的目的，結果或原因。,We must use the right tools to do a good job. (目的) What have I said to make you so excited? (結果) We jumped with joy to hear the news. (原因),注意 “only to do”表示沒有想到的結果 Eg. He arrived only to find the train had just left.,不定式常在做表語的形容詞之后做狀語。 I am sorry/ glad to hear that. He was annoyed to hear them talk like that.,當不定式做目的狀語時可以與in order to, so as to替換，此時否定用in order not to, so as not to.,He got up early so as not to/ in order not to be late.,這類形容詞還有： proud , happy, surprised, eager, ready, kind, lucky, (un)fortunate, (un)able, (un)willing, disappointed, angry, clever, unwise, quick, slow, foolish, rude, wrong etc.,6) 做賓語補足語 I asked him to show me the new dictionary.,* Note:,A) (v) + sb + to do sth ask, tell, invite, force, get, allow, *help, wish, want, persuade, remind, request, order, warn, cause etc. I didnt expect you to arrive so early. May I request you to attend the meeting?,(B) (v) + sb + to do sth/ (v) + doing sth advise, allow, forbid, encourage, permit, recommend.,(C) 有些動詞之后帶不帶to 的不定式。 feel; hear, listen to; make, let, have; see, look at, watch, notice, observe What made you think of that?,但如果改為被動，除let外,to必須恢復。 They were made to work day and night. He was let go.,不帶to的不定式： would rather than do nothing/more than Eg. I would rather die than _. During the course he did nothing but _. cannot but cannot choose but cannot help but have nothing to do but Eg. I cannot but _ his courage. She could do nothing but _. Why? Why not do?,(D.) 作獨立成分 to tell the truth, to be frank, to be exact, to begin with, to make matters worse, to make a long story short needless to say eg. To be frank, I dont like your hairstyle. (E.) 不定式與疑問詞who, which, when, where等連用, 在句中可充當主語, 表語,賓語等. eg. I have no idea what to say.,(b) be said, be reported, be known, be believed It is said that he came from a peasant family. He is said to come from a peasant family.,(F) 一些常用的不定式句型：,(c) be (un)likely, be certain, be sure to do sth.,They are likely to be on the campus. Victory is sure to be ours.,(a) tooto, enoughto,(d.) seem to, happen to, appear to,All the students seemed to have known what had happened. The boy happened to be watching a football game when his mother came back home.,() 不含to的不定式。,1)Why引導的疑問句中不帶to. Why spend such a lot of money? Why not do it right now? 2) had better, would rather-than I would rather go than stay. He prefers to go back rather than stay. 3)介詞but,except,besides前有do的各種形式,那這些介詞后不定式不帶to. I have nothing to do but watch TV. I have no choice but to go shopping.,(2)And ,or 連接的兩個不定式,后面的to可省略. I hardly knew whether to laugh or cry. (3) 當主語從句或修飾主語的定語從句中出現do時, 在主句中作表語的不定式可省to. What I really want to do was write a letter. All I did was clean room. (4) cant choose but, cant help but, cant but, can but后 I cant but laugh to hear such a story.,不定式與動名詞區(qū)別,1. 不定式表具體動作,動名詞表抽象動作. eg. Doing simple things is boring. To do this simple thing will be boring. 2. begin, start, continue 下列情況下必須接不定式 1) 主語是物不是人 2) 后接表心理活動或狀態(tài)的動詞 3) 這些詞用于進行時 4) 后接被動 eg. The snow began _ (melt ).,to melt,I started _ that I was wrong.( realize ) 3. remember, forget, regret + to do (未做) doing (已做) 4. Mean to do try to do doing doing 5. stop to do go on to do doing doing,to realize,Exercises,Rather than _ the apples to go bad, the grocer preferred _ them at half price. A. allow, to sell B. allow, selling C. to allow, to sell D. to allow, selling 2. Some people laughed at others _ themselves laughed at. A. and only find B. only finding C. only to find D. to find only,A.,C.,3. A clever student will try _ mistakes. A. to learn by B. to learn from C. learning from D. learning 4. -Why do you always make me eat an egg every day? -_ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To getting 5. A computer does only what thinking people_. A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done,B.,C.,A.,6. Dont forget _ your map next time you come to school. A. to take B. bringing C. to bring D. taking 7. Quite a few people used to believe that disaster _ if a mirror was broken. A. was sure of striking B. was sure to be struck C. was sure of having struck D. was sure to strike 8. Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong. A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit,C.,D.,A.,9. Little Jim should love _ to the theater this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking 10. This kind of machine is believed _ in a few years. A.